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Abstract: Papermaking enterprises are major polluters that cause water pollution and air pollution. This paper aims to provide analysis of the energy saving and emission reduction in papermaking enterprises.It is the inevitable choice of establishment industrial ecology park as the leading of the papermaking industry by the implementation of cleaner production and circulation economy. Shandong Haiyun efficient ecological park is taken for example.Researches of the developing strategies and policy support of energy saving and emission reduction is discussed. The paper is divided into five parts, the first part is the preface, the second part introduces the general of Haiyun efficient industrial park, the third part puts forward the scheme of clean production of Haiyun efficient ecological industrial park, the fourth part puts forward ecological industry pattern of Haiyun efficient ecological industrial park, the fifth part puts forward policy guarantee measures, and the sixth part makes the summary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Along with the progress of low-carbon economy, it becomes a common topic around the world to reduce high-carbon energy consumption and decrease greenhouse gases emission. At early stage, providing subsidies (e.g., cash, tax allowance) based on upgrading cost is an effective approach for government to induce enterprises to ameliorate production mode and innovate technologies, which may also cause enterprises to pursue more subsidies by false cost report. How can we design models to get incentive compatibility between subsidies and honest cost report? Models based on the principal-agent theory were built to achieve the goal in this paper, and they were proved by mathematical reasoning not only to meet the need of policy inducing but also to make enterprise declare their lowcarbon upgrading cost honestly. The theoretical result was also verified by a simulation example in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper applies the method of factor analysis to construct the indicator system of low carbon economy and evaluates the performance of development of low carbon economy of 15 resource-based cities. The paper documents that the development performance of low carbon economy of Daqing ranks No. 3 among 15 cities, performance of inter-industry adjustment ranks No.14, energy efficiency ranks No.3, effectiveness of environmental improvement ranks No.1, and performance of secondary industry adjustment ranks No.10. The results show that Daqing has advantages in energy efficiency and effectiveness on environmental improvement, and but needs to improve its performance of in inter-industry adjustment and secondary industry adjustment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is about to quantify the effect of China''s urbanization on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by separating the part driven by the economic growth from the whole effect. In order to be accurate to estimate unknown parameters, this paper follows the method of Blanchard & Quah (1989), in which identifying conditions are set by assuming some shocks have no long-term effect on corresponding explained variables. We conclude that 1) Urbanization shock has an inverted hump-shaped effect on GHG emissions, in other words, nowadays the process of China''s urbanization has been accompanied with saving energy and reducing emissions; 2) The growth rate of GHG emissions, owning to the GDP shock, can be raised by almost 1.53% annually and the urbanization level approximately contributes to 18% of the change of CO2 emissions based on empirical results; 3) China''s emission reductions, in the short run, are actualy in expense of decreasing economic growth and delaying the p rocess of its urbanization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An enterprise benefit model is built up in this paper on the basis of economic and technical elements as well as ecological resource elements to study the enterprise benefit issue of two industrial production and organizat ion patterns, the cluster production and circulatory production from the double perspectives of economic benefit and ecological benefit. The results suggest that the economic benefit of traditional cluster production is notably superior to that of circulatory production and the ecological benefit of circulatory production is in turn notably superior to that of the traditional cluster production. Based on the respective strong points of the abovementioned industrial production and organization patterns, a new industrial organization pattern, i.e. circulatory industrial cluster pattern enabling the uniform optimization of economic and ecological benefits is brought forth in this paper. Under the background of low-carbon economy, this pattern is the best approach to the construction of green growth pole in western regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Because of climate change and the popularity of air travel, the issue of low-carbon economy of air transportation industry is no longer ignorable. However, there is no standard measurable indicator to evaluate low-carbon economy, especially for air transportation industry. To fill in the blank of this area, this paper firstly discusses general indicators of low-carbon economy for air transportation industry. Secondly, it explores measurable indicators to assess the level of low-carbon aviation based on generally published data. Finally, it takes Shenzhen aviation as a case to discuss the evaluation of its low-carbon economy with the established measurable indicators. This paper not only provides indicators for low-carbon economy of air transportation with practical measurement effectiveness, but also opens up a new direction for the study of low-carbon air transportation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the economic development, the demond for energy is growing in China, and the traditional non-renewable energy makes the energy transformation is imminent.In this paper, based on the fully understanding of our existing energy structure, and from the perspective of supply and demand, the author analysis the changes in the structure of future energy and gives the suggestion.The paper argues that China''s energy structure will gradually turn to be comprehensive and diverse, but the cost and market constraints will obstruct the promotion of renewable energy sources.Therefore, the traditional high-carbon energy is still the main form of domestic energy consumptionin a very long period of time.Only by improving technology and using of the macro-control can reduce the costs and regulate the import and export, which can achieve sustainable development of changing from a high-carbon energy to low carbon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper put forward a method to promote low-carbon development of electric power industry in China from the perspective of benchmarking circular economy efficiency of coal-fired power plants. The input-output index system that reflects reducing, reusing and recycling carbon dioxide, waste and pollution emissions for measuring the circular economy efficiency of coal-fired power plants is set up. With the survey data of 24 coal-fired power plants, the superefficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is applied to ranking and improving the circular economy efficiency of these plants. And the benchmarking is carried out using the aforesaid DEA model. The benchmarking procedure proposed in this paper can be used to choose the best efficiency benchmark of circular economy in the environmental management of power plants and enhance the low-carbon development of coal-fired power industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the relevance between economic growth and carbon emission in China and finds that the two parts are highly related and, in the long run, they are in steady equilibrium and two-way cause-and-effect relationship. In this way, China should further shift its economic growth mode, develop low-carbon economy and realize sound and fast development for economy and society. There are various ways to develop low-carbon economy. This paper raises measures for pushing the development of low-carbon economy from financial perspective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, a quantitative analysis among 20 industrial sectors has been made to see the scale effect, structural effect and technical effect on the environment. Some conclusions can be drawn from the research. The scale effect has a negative effect on the environment while structural effect and technical effect have a positive effect. But the scale effect is far more than the total sum of structural effect and technical effect. In order to promote sustainable development of foreign trade in Jiangsu and reduce the environmental degradation caused by exporting, the paper holds that the industrial exporting structure should be further optimized, technological innovation should be promoted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy consumption is a technical issue or a spatial structure issue? Aim of this paper is to study the impact of population density and energy consuming density to space together on energy consuming with urban districts of Beijing. The author of this paper puts two kinds of factors including economic and technological ones, and urban space context factors with energy consuming together into a model. LMDI method will be employed to do the analysis. It is concluded that non-economic and non-technological factors were also significant to reduce energy consumption. Even population density did not contribute to reduction of energy consuming, when it was combined with energy consuming density to space together, the contribution was efficient. It indicates that compacted urban space with low-carbon city is the most efficient way to reduce energy consuming in urban areas. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper analyzes the worldwide trend of development low-carbon economy, and points out when facing lowcarbon economy all enterprises have market opportunities. Then this paper researches that Chinese SMEs have necessity and possibility to implement low-carbon strategy. At last the paper points out seven counter measures of implementing low-carbon strategy for Chinese SMEs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The IEA CCS Roadmap highlighted the significance that CCS will need to play in achieving an atmospheric CO2 concentration stabilization of 450 ppm. In the scenario it is based on, CCS will provide approximately 20% of the total CO2 emissions reductions out to 2050. Achieving this contribution of emissions reductions will require an ambitious CCS growth-path, with 100 projects needed globally by 2020 and over 3000 by 2050. In both 2020 and 2050 the major developing countries, including South Africa will need to contribute to CCS deployment. South Africa has a heavily coal-dependent economy with 94 % of electricity production coming from coal. In addition to this, South Africa also meets approximately 30% of its domestic fuel -oil demand through the conversion o f coal and gas to transportation fuels. The combination of these two factors means that South Africa is as dependant on coal as any country in the world, placing the country as the 13th largest CO2 emitter in the world. Currently South Africa is experiencing electricity shortages where the reserve margin is below desired levels on a daily basis. Consequently, deployment of electricity generation capacity is seen as a priority. With the slow development of renewable energy and the deployment of nuclear energy currently under review, the required short term increase in electricity production is likely to come from new, coal plant that will be expected to be in operation for 50–60 years, thus continuing the country’s dependence on coal for some time to come. At the climate change negotiations in Copenhagen, South Africa announced that it would take nationally appropriate mitigation actions to enable a reduction in national GHG emissions equating to a deviation of 34% below the “Business as Usual” emissions growth trajectory by 2020 and a 42% deviation below the below “Business as Usual” emissions growth trajectory by 2025, pended upon the provision of sufficient funding and technology support. Given all these factors, CCS could be a crucial technology for South Africa in the near future. This paper looks to discuss the current status of CCS in South Africa. This includes looking at the key outcomes of the recently released South African CCS Research and Development Roadmap and the milestones it outlines, such as the development of a geological storage atlas by 2010, a CO2 test injection by 2016, and a demonstration project operating by 2020. It also looks at how the South African government is positioned toward CCS, including how CCS fits with the countries priorities of poverty alleviation, economic growth, sustainable development, job creation and ensuring the most efficient use of domestic resources. In addition the paper looks at the manner in which the South African government could go about regulating the operation of CCS projects. The paper will discuss the options available to South Africa to fund CCS demonstration and deployment domestically including via the clean development mechanism (in the event that the question of using this mechanism in the CCS context is dealt with at the international level), development banks and other, appropriate, development finance institutions. Public awareness and engagement on CCS will also be covered, given the crucial role the public play in the smooth progress of projects. Finally the paper will look at international collaboration on CCS including the role South Africa can play internationally and what more the international CCS community can offer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper offers a broad summary of the most common risk assessment methodologies for the geologic storage of carbon dioxide. We believe it is valuable to compare these methodologies, particularly in the areas where they lead to similar conclusions. The objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the current similarities and differences of these proposed methodologies. Since CCS was proposed as a mitigation option for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, several attempts have been made to study the potential risks of long-term storage of CO2 in geological formations. Various worldwide projects have tried different industrial methods adapted to GSC. In spite of these efforts, currently there is no standardised method or set of methods for evaluating risk and/or uncertainty for GSC projects. Application or adaptation of advanced industrial quantitative risk assessment methods seems not convenient at this point because of lack of specific data. The development of frameworks and qualitative methods looks the most trustable for current projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Power generation processes with CCS that are capable of operating at variable load will be needed to achieve deep reductions in emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. This paper assesses the effects of operating load factor on costs of coal and gas fired power generation processes with CCS and analyses the emissions and costs of fossil fuel fired plants in an electricity system that includes 35% wind and 25% nuclear generation. The paper shows how the costs of generation increase at an increasing rate as the emissions are reduced using power plants with integrated CCS such as post combustion capture, because many of the CCS plants have to operate at low load factors. This could be avoided by using coal gasification plants with CCS which feed hydrogen to underground buffer storage and then to flexible combined and open cycle gas turbines. The gasification, CO2 capture and storage equipment would operate at base load which would avoid potential practical difficulties of flexible operation and reduce costs. Emissions from the fossil fuel plants in the system with wind and nuclear generation could be reduced to 16 g/kWh at electricity costs competitive with coal-based post combustion capture with emissions of 140 g/kWh. Emissions from the overall electricity system including the wind and nuclear would be 6 g/kWh. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the UK, the Committee of Climate Change (CCC) concluded that in order to meet the 80% emission reduction target set for 2050, the power sector would need to be largely decarbonised by 2030. As the emission reduction required by 2030 is substantial, it is likely to require contributions from renewable, nuclear and CCS. By 2030, any plant running for extended periods will probably have to be able to achieve annual average emissions levels of 100 gCO2/kWh or below vs. the present level of 560 gCO2/kWh. In this context, the new regulations by Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) for making power plants CO2 capture ready apply to all combustion plants at or above 300 MW output in the UK. As emissions levels for new built CCGT plants without carbon capture are today around 350 kgCO2/MWh, it is expected that they will not be able to operate without CCS beyond 2030. In order to avoid the deployment of ‘unabated’ gas-fired plants, requirements to fit CCS not only to coal but to gas-fired plants need to be adopted to prevent any inconsistency. Once built, it would be very costly or even infeasible to retrofit the new facilities with CCS, thus “locking-in” many years of CO2 emissions. Currently in the UK there are no new unabated coal plants under construction, whilst around 4.7 GW of new gas plants are expected to come online over the next few years. As in the UK there are a significant number of CCGT power stations recently permitted or waiting to be granted consent they have been required to be CCR so that CCS can be retrofitted once it is commercially viable. It is therefore of a paramount importance to understand what are the feasible options/issues when CO2 capture is applied to the CCGT units. This paper is focusing on capture consideration based on post-combustion technology, the most mature option today. When a CCGT plant is designed to be ready for retrofit one of the most important technical consideration is the steam extraction pressure and flow to provide the energy necessary for solvent regeneration as this will have a large impact on the overall plant efficiency. Available options for steam and electricity supply to meet the requirements of the CCS process have been assessed, focusing on two scenarios–integration scenario where the steam is supplied from the main plant and separate generation scenario where steam is supplied from auxiliary boilers with electricity supplied from the grid connection. The findings of this paper are relevant to project developers, power generators and policymakers internationally who have an interest in the potential for CCS to provide an emissions abatement option for the new CCGT assets in the long term. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper reviews the use of a large group process for engaging the public on energy sources and technologies with a low emission profile. Specifically reported in this paper is how the large group process supports exploring Australian society’s acceptance of energy technologies by examining the effectiveness of the process for informing knowledge and changing attitudes towards low emission energy technologies. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is given further attention in the paper because, as a relatively unknown technology with perceived risks, it is useful to examine the effects of information provision on the way the technology is perceived. Given the large group process has proven to be a successful method for accessing and informing larger numbers of stakeholders, it is one recommended to policy makers and other researchers with an interest in low emission energy technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies as part of a portfolio for reducing CO2 emissions from the European electricity supply system until the year 2050. The analysis is carried out with a techno-economic model (minimizing the system cost) including a detailed description of the present stationary European electricity generation system (power plants) and potential CO2 storage sites as obtained from the Chalmers Energy Infrastructure Database. Since the ability of different EU Member States and regions to facilitate and to benefit from CCS will most likely depend on local conditions in terms of current energy mix, fuel supply chains and distance to suitable storage locations, special emphasize is put on analyzing turn-over in capital stock of the existing power plant infrastructure, timing of investments and the infrastructural implications of large scale introduction of CCS on a regional perspective. The paper discusses the role of and requirements on CCS for meeting strict emission targets of 85% reduction while having a continued growth in electricity demand (according to EU projections). The results show that it is possible to meet an 85% CO2 reduction target by 2050, but this will require large contribution from CCS. As expected, regions which are currently high in carbon intensity and which are located nearby suitable storage sites will benefit mostly from CCS as an option. With the assumption that CCS will be commercially available in 2020 the model results give a steep ramp-up in the use of CCS post 2020 which imposes challenges for timely investments in corresponding CCS infrastructure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Coal is central to China’s continued economic growth and CCS is one of the most promising technological solutions to curb the CO2 emitted from the continued use of coal. This paper introduces some areas of recent R&D on CCS in China and focuses, in particular, on the Near Zero Emission Coal (NZEC) project, a China-UK CCS initiative. NZEC is being undertaken in three phases, with the current project comprising the first phase. The ultimate aim of NZEC, following Phase 3, is to have constructed and operated a coal-fired power plant with integral CCS in China. In this paper, some of the early progress made in NZEC Phase 1 is described. Launched in November 2007, the objectives of Phase 1 are to build confidence in CCS and to explore technology options for demonstrating coal-fired power generation with CCS in China. The Phase 1 partnership of nine leading UK organisations and 20 from China demonstrates the strong collaborative working relationship that exists between China and the UK, at all levels, to develop CCS as a key climate change mitigation technology. Apart from NZEC, China is involved in several national and international CCS initiatives and some of these will be touched upon in this paper. The success of the 18-month first phase will, to a large extent, be measured against its contribution to increasing CCS capacity in China and against strengthened links between Chinese and British experts. Activities designed to raise capacity are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes various aspects of the Zecomix cycle, a novel coal fired power plant, based on various innovative processes to achieve elevated efficiency and zero-emissions. A coal hydro-gasification process, using recycled steam and hydrogen as gasifying agents, converts carbon to CH4, which is then processed by two carbonator reactors where CH4, mixed with steam and contacted with calcium oxide, is converted to an H2/H2O based syngas while CO2 is absorbed by the solid sorbent generating CaCO3. The synthetic fuel produced in the chemical island is burned with oxygen in a semi-closed high temperature steam cycle, with a rather complex supercritical heat recovery steam cycle. The main relevant operating parameters for the chemical island are varied in order to evaluate their effect on plant performance and to optimize the process. In addition, the paper presents a rather detailed analysis of some critical issues, often neglected in previous works from the literature. Net plant efficiency of 44–47% with a virtually complete carbon capture was predicted, a very interesting results with respect to other proposed coal power plants with carbon capture. The high complexity of the chemical island and the importance of a good sorbent performance in the critical conditions typical of this plant should be however taken into account for a fair comparison with other plant concepts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work we display the importance of supply chain management through the use of Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis (EEIOA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Results show that for most sectors a majority of the energy/environmental loads are located in the upstream supply chain, both nationally and abroad. Using the tools outlined could therefore help to address important areas to focus the work and guide policies for future energy and emissions reductions. Actions can be at an international policy level, using taxes or other measures to counteract pollution havens, or they could include specific requirements of the products purchased, environmental labeling, or requirements relating to certifications of businesses were products and services are purchased from. The focus of this paper is the public sector, more specifically; the municipalities, where - despite the importance of upstream emissions is identified with a fraction of 90-95 percent - still most focus is on the 5-10% of the footprint relating to use of heating oil and fuel for transportation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: [Purpose] This paper explains the basic theory and research methods of ecological security based on the basic concept of ecological security. Qinhuangdao City is the study area, the index system of its ecological security assessment was constructed on the basis of the pressure - state - response conceptual model, and its ecological security was evaluated by comprehensive index method. The evaluation result is that the ecological security index of Qinhuangdao is 0.633, and it is in the lower bound of the relatively safer state. At present, the main ecological problems are water shortage, water pollutions, large quantity of gaseous pollutants emission from heavy industry enterprises, inadequate protection of natural reserves, and insufficient investments in environmental protection. Some targeted countermeasures for strengthening regional ecological security management are proposed as following: establishing ecological security early warning system, developing and utilizing water resources rationally to improve water utilization efficiency, strengthening the marine environmental protection to ensure the security of marine environment, reducing sulfur dioxide emission volume by improving air quality through an effective way, and implementing ecological restoration project to improve the ecological carrying capacity. The ecology of Qinhuangdao would move to a safer ecological level through these channels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the advanced system of rainwater-cooling water is developed, breaking the traditional pattern of rainwater utilization at a small-scale. In this system, the collected rainwater will be applied in the cooling water of central air conditioner after processing. Also the rational allocation of water resource will be realized through the integrated circulation. That means to distribute water according to the quantity requirement, which therefore not only reduces waste and achieve resource conservation, energy saving, composite construction of ecological green, but also creates more economic, environmental and social benefit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As a significant part of the city, the pollution control and resource recovery of urban street rainwater are attached with more and more importance. Based on the analysis of the pollution situation, the controlling measures and methods are proposed suitable for the status of the street. Meanwhile in this paper the existing utilized models of the street rainwater are summarized to put forward the effective suggestions about the comprehensive utilization and plan of urban rainwater in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: GHG emission from the developing countries is projected to contribute to 61% of the global GHG emission by 2030. With less economic resources, the developing countries face the unique challenge of balancing their economy growth and GHG emission reduction. The prevailing technologies such as renewable energy are still expensive, dependent on sufficient local renewable resources and require high level of technical expertise. Therefore, the developing countries cannot adopt these technologies in large scale to reduce the GHG emission effectively. Alternative technologies need to be explored. In this paper, the potential of advanced coal and gas combustion technologies in reducing GHG emission in developing countries was studied. From the study, the advanced combustion technologies were found to be more cost effective than wind and photovoltaic technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Low-carbon development has recently attracted attention from various countries and researchers, which may give different interpretations on the concept. This paper p rovides a theoretical and conceptual analysis of various low-carbon related concepts. We first divide low-carbon development into three different stages through which the key concepts pertaining to each stage are identified. Then we provide a systematic comparison of six key concepts including low-carbon development, low-carbon economy, low-carbon society, low-carbon city, low-carbon community and low-carbon life. The similarities and differences among the six concepts have been finally summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using the industrial structure and energy consumption model as an example, this paper is aimed at exploring the relationship between industrial structure and the energy structure of Qingdao City. Studies show that industry, particularly heavy industry is the main component of Qingdao energy consumption. Accordingly, the Qingdao industrial structure should be adjusted; the tertiary industry should be encouraged, so that the proportion of heavy industry can be reduced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Quantified evaluation of the low-carbon economy auditing which is carried out by applying the low-carbon economic theory, financial accounting theory and economic analysis theory focuses on analysing the social benefits of project construction as well as the social costs. Due to the energy crisis, various countries are promoting a low carbon economy which is a comprehensive issue dealing with natural environment and social development. To meet the target of low-carbon auditing which includes the abeyance opinions published about the carbon emission index of the production process and architecture and waste recycling and to quantify the footprint of carbon emission for the product, it is essential to find out proper quantitative evaluation methods. This paper discusses about the quantitative valuation method of low-carbon economy auditing and the way to apply such a method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the rapid development of economy in China, the issue is increas ingly serious involving the degradation of environment, the shortage of resource and the absence of environmental protection. To keep sustainable development of economy, this paper illustrates stimulating function of tax policy involving in environmental prot ection, energysaving and emission-reducing from aspect of encouraging technology innovation. Furthermore, it put s forward policy orientation including further improving tax to support energy -saving and emission-reducing and independent innovation with the analysis of existing tax policy on environmental protection, energy-saving and emission-reducing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Regional innovation system is importance driving force for regional economic development. In modern times, lowcarbon economy becomes more and more important and government -industry-research integration plays important role in low-carbon innovation and regional innovation system. This paper focuses on study of govern-industryresearch integration based on low-carbon innovation system through analysis of regional low-carbon element, network and system dynamic model. Through above analysis, it helps to clearly understand operational mechanism of such integration in regional low-carbon system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is aimed at the analysis of the energy saving technologies and management policies in chemical industry. It describes the current situation, anticipates the future trend of energy consumption, analyzes the problems in energy saving technologies and management, and offers corresponding measures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper introduces the background of low-carbon development briefly, and analyzes the paths of low-carbon economies development in typical countries comparatively. Then it builds and analyzes regression model based on the panel data from six representative countries. It explores the relationship of EI and primary industry, second industry, tertiary industry. And using impulse response model, it analyzes the dynamic response effect from industrial structure to EI under China''s data. Finally, some constructive conclusions are presented from the analysis results. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper calculated the agricultural CO2 emissions of Sichuan province from 1997 to 2008, then did the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis test, and finally decomposed the total effect of CO2 emissions to production effect, structure effect and intensity effect using LMDI method. The results show: the relationship between Sichuan agricultural CO2 emissions and its economic growth is a rising straight line from 1997 to 2008, and the increasing of the total CO2 emissions is mainly caused by the intensity effect. Structure effect has a positive effect to CO2 emissions reduction, and production effect has small negative effect on CO2 emissions first and gradually increases to a positive effect from 2004. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Low-carbon economy is an effective solution to the sharp conflict between rapid economic growth and high CO2 emission. Low-carbon tourism is a radical approach to implement sustainable development under the background of low-carbon economy. This paper analyzes the fundamental conception of low-carbon tourism and reviewed the main research on low-carbon tourism within and outside China. Some countermeasures for the sustainable development of tourism industry are discussed in view of the benefits of tourist administration, tourism enterprises, tourism attractions and tourists in order to achieve higher quality of tourism experience and greater economic, social and environmental benefits with energy saving and emission reduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Modular design is an effective method for fast integrating global low-carbon technologies to respond the market dynamic application demands. It is a valuable emerging interdisciplinary research field. This paper analyses the energy-saving features, drive mechanism and operating mechanism of modular design, and designs a low-carbon ‘products – technology’ dynamic configuration application model following the modular design rules. The research mainly applies the design research method, and integrates the research tools on technical innovation management and product engineering. Finally, from the angle of ‘technology – market’ cycle enhanced, we proposes the policy design to stimulate the modular integrated application of low-carbon technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the era of the low-carbon economy, mode of production and trade is experiencing great changes all over the world. In order to adapt itself to the new environment, enterprise in China needs to trot its transformation and implement a low-carbon operation. This paper constructs the lead-in mechanism for enterprises to realize their low-carbonization from “four-level and multiple-dimension”, that is, with collaboration and mutual promotion of government, innerenterprise, inter-enterprises and consumers, a low-carbon transformation of enterprises in China is expected to be pushed and developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: From the time of reform and opening up, China''s rapid economic growth attracts worldwide attention, which also brings the accompanying problems that high energy consumption, high pollution and high emission are more prominent. Therefore, the low carbon economy development model has become an inevitable choice for China''s sustainable economic development. However, the stage of economic development is insurmountable and the continuing growth and the disadvantaging structure of energy consumption will become a serious obstacle for China''s low-carbon economy. Selecting the relevant data from 1980 to 2009, and using not only Hebei Province as its study area but also the whole country as its reference region, this paper analyzes the relationship between the changes in energy consumption structure and the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, and basing on which predicts the energy consumption and carbon emissions in the future in order to provide policy recommendations for the optimization of energy consumption structure, the upgrade of industrial structure, and the development of carbon economy [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The composition of energy resource consumption reflects the reliance on energy resources of a country and trends in consumption. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of energy resource consumption in China by comparing China''s consumption composition with that of other countries and studying recent trends in internal energy resource consumption in China. Although new energy resources have been developed and utilized to some degree, energy resource consumption will mainly rely on fossil fuel for several decades. Therefore, increasing the proportion of oil and natural gas consumption is an effective means for decreasing environmental pollution caused by the overall consumption of fossil fuels, which currently consists primarily of coal. The increasing demand for oil and natural gas can bring China''s petroleum exploration and development good opportunities but there are challenges that must be faced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper measured the Ecological Footprint (EF) from 1988 to 2008 for Hangzhou by EF calculation method. The results showed that: The EF per person of Hangzhou grew from 1.1561hm2 in 1988 to maximum 2.22333hm2 in 2007 in recent twenty years. The Ecological Deficit (ED) appeared in Hangzhou since 1995, and increased gradually from 0.00707hm2/cap in to 0.95481hm2/cap. The appearance of ED had indicated that the EF of Hangzhou is bigger than the Ecological capacity, and we should try to reduce the Carbon Footprint, to realizing the green development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the end of United Nations Convention on Climate Change Meeting which was hold in Bonn and Copenhagen,the world has entered into a low carbon economy which bring the concept of low carbon supply chain management.In order to comply with the changes of the domestic and international situation,enterprises are supposed to adopt low carbon supply chain management to raise the competitiveness. However,it is a systems engineering to carry out the low carbon supply chain management in which the good cooperation of each enterprises in the supply chain is required.The paper proposes some strategies on how to advance cooperation satisfaction among enterprises based on low carbon supply chain management in order to enhance the competence of the whole supply chain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the rapid economic development, the nightscape lighting project s have been gradually improved. Owing to the nightscape lighting projects that extend the time of activities, night activities become more and more colorful. To respond the low-carbon energy economy, tourism can extend the time of activities with the help of nightscape lighting projects. This paper analyzes the factors of the night tourism development, and the night tourism landscape is divided into “three axes”(the Pearl River axis, the old axis and the new axis), “one core” (Haixinsha island),“Four centers” (Asian Games town, Higher Education Mega Center, Olympic Sports Center, Tianhe Sports Center) and “one region” (the area of Garden Hotel) based on the nightscape lighting projects in Guangzhou. We hope that can enhance the image of urban tourism and improve the competitiveness of urban tourism through the night tourism development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: With the development of a low-carbon economy, the concept of low-carbon tourism is also increasingly popular. The implementation of low-carbon tourism responds to society''s collective call for energy conservation and emission reduction. This is also the inevitable choice for sustainable development of tourism. This paper begins by explaining the concepts of low-carbon economy and low-carbon tourism; summarizes the content of low-carbon tourist attractions; describes the current plight of construction of low-carbon tourist attractions in China; and proposes some countermeasures for the construction of standard low-carbon tourist attractions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The United States, China''s biggest export market, is planning to impose a carbon tariff against countries without strict GHG emissions reduction standards, which will necessarily have immense influence on China''s export trade. In this dissertation, its background and imposing methods are initially discussed. Impact on China''s export trade volume, commodity prices, various industrial sectors, foreign investment manner, corporate operation modes and so forth are then analyzed explicitly. Lastly, the paper presents several policy suggestions in allusion to these impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The estimates of abatement costs about CO2 can provide useful information for policy-makers. With the framework of production theory, a marginal abatement costs model is established using the nonparametric method, and empirical results about China in 2007 are found in this paper. The two CO2 reduction strategies, maintaining the level of CO2 or reducing CO2 and expanding GDP at the same time, impact potential GDP greatly. 143.5 millions CO2 reduction means 35.1billions GDP loss and the marginal abatement cost of CO2 is 475.3yuan/ton on average. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper discusses the necessity of a coordinated mechanism for controlling river basin emissions and water quality. The authors, based on the models by Hung et al, present new models by taking government as the most important role in the coordinated mechanism. The main conclusions from the discussions are: (1) dividing the basin into various coordinated development zones to achieve preset effluents load standards and least -cost abatement; (2) conducting an emissions permits trading system will provide environmental compensation for the upstream firms and realize Pareto improvement for all firms in the basin region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In last 20 years, rapid economic growth and the process of industrialization in China had resulted in large scale energy consumption and environment degradation. Usually the heavy and chemical industries, especially energy industries will grow increasingly at this stage of industrialization. Intense researches have paid more attention to the effects of energy consumption on environment, but little to the pollution from energy production. This paper focuses on the emissions from energy production when the energy industries are developing and the measures involved controlling the pollution. It is concluded that the factors those have significant effects on pollution emissions are industrial value added, concentration, scale of industries, average scale of enterprises, technological improvement, and environmental regulations. Moreover, some regulation and industrial development policies have been suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper decomposes Jiangsu energy consumption intensity change from 1998-2008. And the energy consumption intensity is decomposed into FDI scale effect, FDI structure effect and FDI technology effect, using LMDI model. Decomposition and analysis results show that FDI scale effect reduces the energy consumption intensity. FDI structure and technology effect fluctuates and do not promote the reduction of energy consumption intensity, on the whole. Therefore, to reduce the energy consumption intensity of Jiangsu Province, we suggest that while expanding FDI scale, we should adopt unified energy-saving and emission-reducing requirements to FDI enterprises and domestic ones. Meanwhile, we should increase the foreign investment proportion in the technology-intensive industries and encourage FDI enterprises to use and exchange advanced energy-saving technologies. Moreover, we should adjust the distribution industry structure of FDI to optimize the industrial structure adjustment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The green credit policy has made remarkable achievements in energy saving, emission reduction and industrial structure optimization, however, due to the collusion between enterprises and local government, a huge gap exists between the reality and expectation in the process of policy execution. The collusion is the result of cooperative game through Nash bargaining. Banks, as agents in carrying out the green credit policy, offer preferential interest rate that influences the collusion. This paper analyzes the collusion and factors affecting its incidence on the bas is of constructing the expected profit functions of both the enterprise and the local government. Meanwhile, we obtain the optimal volume of loans and offer several relevant suggestions for policy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to the current United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, China, as a developing country, does not need to undertake responsibilities and obligations of carbon emissions reduction, however as a responsible one with open market economy, it should make great effort to its research of carbon emissions trading system and actively build it at our own development level to make positive contribution to reduce the world''s carbon emissions. This paper defines the commodity property of carbon emission right, which can be divided and traded, identifies the basic characteristics of China''s trading carbon emissions trading system is cap-and-trade mechanism at present stage, and puts forward that China''s total emission control is not an absolute target, but a relative one. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Based on the low carbon economy and the theory of grey correlation, the paper puts forward that the industrial development in Jiangsu has been associated with energy consumption in large sum and the high energy -consuming industries is still taking up a large proportion. The correlation between the energy consumption of major industrial enterprises and the “three wastes” emissions is large. Besides, the energy consumption has significant influence on the environmental quality. By analyzing the environment and resource bottleneck on the development of the manufacturing in Jiangsu, it puts forward a series of sustainable development strategy for the promotion of the manufacturing. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of RIUDS [Copyright &y& Elsevier]