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Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the current status of CCS in Indonesia and includes a review of the recently released Indonesia CCS Study Working Group report on the potential for CCS in Indonesia, collaboration between LEMIGAS, KLH, PT PLN, WEC, Shell and the British Embassy. The report found that there is significant potential for CCS in Indonesia, but also a number of barriers to overcome. This paper also considers regulations and legal aspects for the Indonesian government to consider for operation and long-term stewardship of CCS projects. It also includes a discussion of the options available to Indonesia to fund CCS demonstration and deployment domestically, with consideration towards the clean development mechanism (CDM) or other financing mechanisms, development banks, etc. Other opportunities including EOR and utilization of CO2 are discussed as nearer term opportunities to deploy pilot projects. The paper concludes with a discussion of the overall current status, awareness and support for CCS in Indonesia and international collaboration on CCS including the role for Indonesia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Green construction plays an important role in promoting sustainable development of real estate development and construction industry. This paper discusses green construction practice in real estate development projects in China, analyzes problems met on the implementation of green construction, on this basis, several suggestions on how to promote green construction in real estate development are proposed. Policy supporting and government supervising play the role of leading, promoting and enforcing in the process of green construction in real estate development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper analyzes the differences between the current policy objective and reality of the rural public service from the perspective of the peasant cultural needs, and proposes the effective ways to promote the rural public cultural service development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nowadays, the major developed countries stipulate the development policies and measures for low-carbon economy and one after another in order to promote the domestic low-carbon related industries. Low-carbon economy has officially stepped into a phase in which government is the main lead. This paper will analyze the reality of the sustainable development of China''s overseas trade and the effects to it brought by the policies of other countries from the government management point and offer advises to promote the sustainable development of overseas trade with low-carbon economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Through analysis and evaluation of water consumption on-site survey of near 200 large public buildings, the necessity of the application and discussion of internet of things on wireless remote transmission of water consumption data and subentry measure are discussed. This paper advances the program of wireless remote monitoring system based on internet of things, which not only provides the ways to obtain data foundation for government policy decision by internet of things on wireless remote transmission, but finds the method and potential for energy-saving. At the same time, it can implement the development of internet of things and come up to the aim of energy-saving based on internet of things. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Through analysis and evaluation of water consumption on-site survey of near 200 large public buildings, the necessity of the application and discussion of internet of things on wireless remote transmission of water consumption data and subentry measure are discussed. This paper advances the program of wireless remote monitoring system based on internet of things, which not only provides the ways to obtain data foundation for government policy decision by internet of things on wireless remote transmission, but finds the method and potential for energy-saving. At the same time, it can implement the development of internet of things and come up to the aim of energy-saving based on internet of things. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: When examined from the point of view of the size of its population and economy, India is not well endowed with energy resources. Studies done by the Department of Atomic Energy indicate that even after exploiting full potential of every available source of energy including nuclear energy, India needs to continue to import energy resources. In this backdrop, an initiative was launched by Government of India to open up international civil nuclear commerce so as to enable India to access natural uranium from international market and to set up nuclear reactors in technical cooperation with other countries. The paper provides details of what has been done so far, ongoing steps and likely growth scenario for nuclear installed capacity in the country. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Zhejiang is a major province of energy consumption, but poor in energy resources. The inherent and complete dependence on importing energy makes energy security extremely difficult, which draws more attention to the energy conservation in Zhejiang. A great many factors of which the relations are complex affect the energy conservation. By introducing System Dynamics analysis, which has a unique advantage of analyzing the multiple and complex feedback system, this paper aims to analyze energy conservation in Zhejiang, and finally comes to some conclusions of values towards governments’ policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Double failure is a common failure of government regulations and the market, at this time we have to rely on other forces or re-design new market rules and government controls. From pesticides, fertilizer, plastic film and aquaculture industry, the article analyzes the impact of agricultural pollution and concludes that pollution is due to the existence of a common failure in government regulations and the market. Agricultural resources are public goods which led to government''s intervention failure. If agricultural production patterns don’t change, the environmental pollution will gradually accumulate. Contamination of agricultural products can not be reflected through the price system. Producers of pollution-free products can’t compensate for losses of reduced production by raising prices. At last the paper proposes solutions such as control of pesticide dose, relying on ethics and establishing pollution-freely agricultural market. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The highly contentious, complex negotiations over the past several years to establish a globally more-inclusive, post-Kyoto Framework illustrate the daunting complexity and diversity of interests, which had to be accommodated. Notwithstanding the many challenges, a “Copenhagen Accord” was reached at the December 2009 15th Conference of Parties (COP 15) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Copenhagen, Denmark. That Accord provided the basis for subsequent delineation of the post-Kyoto Framework in 2010 at the meetings in Mexico City, Mexico. Adoption of more flexibility in the approaches nations can employ to achieve significant, verifiable emissions reductions is among the many critical and necessary accommodations made to achieve more inclusive participation from developing economies and other large economies that did not adhere to the Kyoto Protocol. Negotiations also had to address trade and national sovereignty issues as well. This flexibility is an essential recognition of national and cultural differences including differences in levels of national and sub-national economic wealth and growth, status of energy infrastructure development, and national energy resource endowments. This paper presents research findings from a project using a step-by-step methodology. The first step was defining a set of generic, guiding principles for economically efficient and effective national emissions reduction programs. These were employed to design a comprehensive portfolio of innovative national policy and technology strategies that could be adopted by large, developed economies as well as some large developing economies. A specific example is presented using the United States as the test case. The cost-effectiveness of the innovative policy and technology portfolio is assessed for the test case based on a number of effectiveness measures, including: projected economic impacts and emissions reductions, national security impacts, energy-related impacts on water use and other environmental aspects, and regional economic equity. The assessment methodology employs a Reference Case Scenario (RCS), based on the Annual Energy Outlook 2010 energy projections (AEO 2010) of the U.S. Energy Information Agency (EIA), extended through 2050. The EIA energy projections are a widely used basis for projecting future energy demand, supply, and prices in the United States. They provide a comprehensive economy-wide reference data set. Particular attention is given to the electric generation, transportation, and industrial sectors, which account for the majority of energy production, demand, and emissions. A Policy and Technology Innovations Scenario (PTIS) is constructed covering all sectors of the energy economy with special attention as described above. The case specifications include new Federal and State legislative innovations and modifications to existing laws, regulatory reforms and innovations, and enhanced low-carbon technology innovation programs. Based on the PTIS case specifications, the incremental energy, economic, emissions, and other impacts from successful adoption and implementation of the PTIS case are projected as changes to the Reference Case Scenario using transparent techno-economic modeling approaches. The enhanced, low-carbon energy technology innovations programs included in the PTIS case cover a broad spectrum of energy supply and demand innovations. Particular attention is given to innovations that increase energy efficiency in both production and uses of energy in all economic sectors. Recognizing the extremely large energy infrastructure and imbedded capital investments already existing in the United States, special attention is given to innovations to transform and expand that infrastructure to meet future clean energy needs. The latter is a key strategy for making the transition affordable. One focus of attention is innovative opportunities for Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS). These are described along with the policy, regulatory, and technology improvements necessary to enable those contributions. The quantitative and qualitative differences between the two Scenarios are compared using the effectiveness measures adopted. These comparisons confirm that a portfolio such as that modeled in this project can lead to significant, affordable emissions reductions in the near term, and establish a pathway to a future energy economy with much larger reductions in energy use and emissions than the Reference Case in the longer term. Other key insights and conclusions from the assessment are described. The national and sub-national political, economic, and regulatory barrier and constraint challenges to successful implementation of a PTIS case are presented along with options for overcoming those challenges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Climate change is one of the most important public policy issues of our time. Reconciling the world’s ongoing reliance on fossil fuels with the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of our greatest challenges. Canada is taking this challenge seriously with climate change policies that include enhancing our global leadership in advancing one of the most promising technologies for reducing GHG emissions from fossil fuel use: carbon capture and storage (CCS). Federal and provincial governments in Canada are making substantial investments in CCS, committing upwards of CAD 3 billion in public funding towards seven large-scale fully-integrated CCS demonstration projects. The federal ecoENERGY Technology Initiative announced $151 million for the initial engineering and/or pilot stages of seven potential demonstration projects in 2008. The 2009 federal budget created Clean Energy Fund, which included $610 million for CCS demonstrations. The Provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia have also committed funding for demonstrations, in particular $2 billion by Alberta. This public funding will leverage additional investment from industry, for projects that will each capture and store on the order of 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year, coming on-line starting in 2015 or sooner. In order to generate early benefits from these investments, Government of Canada intends to create a knowledge sharing framework for CCS demonstration projects in Canada. The learnings from this first wave of demonstration projects should be disseminated in order to reduce challenges for the next generation of CCS projects and to build competitive advantage. This work will also support and provide input to the knowledge sharing and best practice guidelines being currently developed by Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI). Given that this level of information has not been shared in the past, establishing such a framework will pose several challenges such as concerns regarding the protection of the intellectual property (IP) and commercially sensitive information. Knowledge sharing will also support public engagement and capacity building programs, and it will provide an opportunity to assess the effectiveness and impact of the public investment. This paper will provide an overview and progress to date on the development of knowledge sharing and best practice guidelines in Canada. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Netherlands is heavily dependent on the success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for its decarbonisation policy. This paper discusses several ways how CCS in the Dutch power sector can be stimulated after the round of demonstration activities up to 2015. It describes recent policy developments in the UK, US and Germany, and concludes that a policy package could be the most useful way forward if it includes a financial incentive to cover additional costs of CCS. The costs of financial support could amount to 1–3% of the Dutch electricity bill, even with CO2 prices in the € 20–50 range until 2030. A policy package could also include a regulatory instrument like an emissions performance standard (EPS) or other regulation for new coal-fired power plants to provide additional certainty. The EU Treaty explicitly leaves room for more stringent regulation from Member States required to protect the environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper aims to provide insight into the current drivers and barriers and the possible government responses needed to overcome these hurdles towards large scale CCS deployment in the Netherlands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The importance of public acceptance of CCS has been highlighted by developers and policy makers, with all emphasising that it is a fundamental factor in the future success of CCS. However, little research has been done so far on NGO positioning on CCS. The current debate in Europe, with discussion beginning to result in both real projects on the ground and in real policies, has put NGOs more and more into a position of making open stands. This has resulted in a diversity of viewpoints, and the controv ersy has polarized opinions. In this paper we review our own research on NGO opinions on CCS, to spell out their most important concerns. We discuss NGO positioning vis-à-vis the ongoing negotiations of a legislative proposal to regulate CCS in Europe. Finally, we consider whether it is possible to come to more coherent approaches and agreements in a way that maximizes their effectiveness both as a counterweight to, and partner of, other stakeholders and governments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper explores the mismatch between the widely held public policy view of the long-term risk profile for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage with the emerging science and engineering of CO2 storage. We review the key issues of fit, interplay, and scalability associated with a trust fund funded by a hypothetical $ 1/ton CO2 tipping fee for each ton of CO2 stored in the United States under WRE450 and WRE550 climate policies. Left to grow unchecked, this hypothetical tipping fee fund would accumulate hundreds of billions to trillions of dollars before it would be expected to pay out claims caused by potential damage arising from CO2 storage. The authors conclude there is no intrinsic value in creating a trust fund predicated solely on collecting a tipping fee. Rather than mitigating the financial consequences of long-term CCS risks, this analysis suggests a blanket $ 1/ton CO2 tipping fee may increase the probability and frequency of long-term risk by eliminating financial incentives for sound operating behavior and site selection criteria–contribute to moral hazard. At a minimum, effective use of a trust fund requires: (1) strong oversight regarding site selection and fund management, and (2) a clear process by which the fund is periodically valued and funds collected are mapped to the risk profile of the pool of covered CCS sites. Without appropriate checks and balances, there is no a priori reason to believe that the amount of funds held in trust will map to the actual amount of funds needed to address long-term care expenses and delimited compensatory damages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]