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Abstract: World's largest DNI measurement network of 51 automatic meteorological stations with solar radiation instruments fulfilling the highest commercially available standards is operating in India. The Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) in 2011 started this extensive solar resource monitoring cum meteorological station network under the Solar Radiation Resource Assessment (SRRA) project. This paper highlights the overall performance of the stations over more than one year and documents the specific problems and errors observed in field operation. Following best practices quality assessment tests, a data flagging system to identify, differentiate and quantify different types of errors and other functionalities have been implemented as part of the SolMap project. The quality assessment tests check the plausibility of data, differentiate trustworthy data from likely erroneous data and flag them accordingly. The quality flag statistics of all 51 stations reveals that some stations are performing very well and others need more attention to improve. In the period from January 2012 to March 2013 on an average over all 51 stations, 92% of the solar radiation data are classified as correct. The quality control system has proven to be very effective for detecting errors in functionality of the stations. Values flagged erroneous along with missing values are considered as gaps. Many applications such as solar energy performance simulations need continuous time-series. Therefore it is required to fill the measurement gaps with reasonable data. This paper also describes a set of procedures called ‘basic gap filling’ for solar irradiance. The accuracy of the applied basic gap filling methodology is tested and the results show a mean bias of ca. 3% over GHI, DNI and DHI over all types of gaps. Automated alarms, sensor cleaning switch, bird protection cages for wind sensors etc. are some of the efforts SRRA took for smoother operation. Regular cleaning of the radiometers remains the most challenging task for the SRRA network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The potential relocation of various industrial sectors from China to India and countries of the SE Asian region presents low cost opportunities for manufacturers, but also risks rising energy demand and CO 2 emissions. A cross-country shift of industrial output would present challenges for controlling emissions since India and SE Asian countries present higher industrial emissions intensity than China. We find that although there is a convergence in emissions intensity in the Machinery manufacturing and Paper and Pulp industries, there are significant variations in all other industrial sectors. Indian emissions are double that of China in the Iron and Steel and Textile and Leather industries and almost triple in the cement industry; Indonesian emissions are almost double those of China in the Non-Metallic Minerals and Textile and Leather industries and 50% higher in the Chemical and Petrochemical industry. We demonstrate that the expected higher emissions are driven by both a higher fuel mix carbon intensity in the new countries and a higher energy intensity in their industrial activities. While industrial relocation could benefit certain countries financially, it would impose considerable threats to their energy supply security and capacity to comply with their Paris Agreement commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: When examined from the point of view of the size of its population and economy, India is not well endowed with energy resources. Studies done by the Department of Atomic Energy indicate that even after exploiting full potential of every available source of energy including nuclear energy, India needs to continue to import energy resources. In this backdrop, an initiative was launched by Government of India to open up international civil nuclear commerce so as to enable India to access natural uranium from international market and to set up nuclear reactors in technical cooperation with other countries. The paper provides details of what has been done so far, ongoing steps and likely growth scenario for nuclear installed capacity in the country. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) might be an important climate protection technology for coal-rich countries. This paper presents first results of a systemic and long-term analysis of a future CCS implementation in India. It focuses on potential storage formations in the geological subsurface and the geographic match of these sinks with CO2 emissions of current and future largepoint power plants. The analysis is framed by an overview on India’s position on CCS, ongoing Indian research and development projects as well as its international activities. The geological potential for CO2 sequestration in India is subject to large uncertainty because, so far, only few studies estimated it in a vague manner. A first meta-analysis shows that there is a huge variation between 48 Gt and 572 Gt of CO2. The main differences between the evaluated studies are the assumed capacities for deep saline aquifers and basalt formations. Taking the ongoing discussion and the existing uncertainties into account, the storage potential might be provided only by aquifers (in the range of 44 to 360 Gt of CO2) and hydrocarbon fields (2 to 7 Gt of CO2). The amount of CO2 emissions possibly available for sequestration is assessed by applying three substantially different long-term energy scenarios for India. These scenarios, indicating pathways between a ”low carbon” and a ”high carbon” development until 2050, result in cumulated CO2 emissions between 30 and 171 Gt if all new large-scaled power plants will be based on CCS from 2020 on. Compared with the sink capacities, only the CO2 emissions of scenario S2 (30 Gt) could theoretically be stored with high certainty. Considering the scenarios S3 and S1, their CO2 emissions (94 Gt and 171 Gt, respectively) could only be sequestered if the aquifer capacity would prove to be usable. Geological storage sites do not appear to be located close to sources in South West, Central, North and North East India. This first rough analysis means that only those CO2 emissions occurring in the Western parts of North and West India, the Eastern part of South India as well as the South part of East India might be suited for sequestration nearby. A more detailed source-sink matching will follow in the next phase of the project, including results of expert meetings in India. Furthermore, this analysis will be complemented by an additional assessment from economic, ecological and resource-strategic points of view, which might further affect the potential for CCS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the current status of the main CCS initiatives in the major emerging economies: China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. This study first covers all six countries as a group and describes their natural resources. The second part of this study embraces each country individually and includes current initiatives and current legal and technological status of CCS. At the end, this study summarizes the main findings in the emerging economies and the potential of including CCS as part of the CDM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]