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The effects of volatile climatic conditions on energy domestic and commercial energy consumption levels in a region are analyzed by focusing on state of Maryland.

A series of scenarios illustrating the supply structure evolution of the competing fuels, natural gas and fuel oil, as well as the relationship between fuel prices and substitution is presented. The study investigates, how investment responses will shape the Mexican energy sector in the future.

The United States' iron and steel industries have 2 main sectors: firms producing outputs from fossil fuels and virgin materials, and; electric arc furnaces using electricity and scrap. The paper examines the sectors' carbon emissions profiles, energy usage, and carbon costs and compares this to various climate and technology policies.

Economic activities utilize materials and energy from the environment for production, consumption and the discharge of waste. The role of change in technology in an economic system considered part of the ecosystem is explored by using a physical model of production. It quantifies the thermodynamic irreversibility of the production process and of the economic system. Markets determine technological innovation. Governments need not intervene in R&D. Government regulations also provide for public policies for energy and material conserving technological change.