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• HRES with PV-Wind and different types of energy storage systems. • Optimal size and efficient performance of HRES. • Bi-level mixed integer nonlinear programming optimization approach. • Real application of a stand-alone HRES in a real case study, Jordan. This paper aims to design and run a standalone hybrid renewable energy System (HRES) feeding residential building load. The suggested HRES encompasses photovoltaic panels and wind turbines as energy sources, combined with a hydrogen subsystem and a bank of batteries for energy storage. The meteorological input data includes irradiance, temperature, and wind speed for four seasonal weeks. These data sets are collected for a rural site situated in the town of Ras Munif, northern Jordan. The load profiles characterize a selected benchmark residential building. Consequently, a bi-level mixed integer nonlinear programming (BMINLP) problem is formulated to incorporate the designing problem with the energy management process. The upper level represents the sizing problem, while the lower level problem denotes the energy management strategy (EMS). Each problem has its independent objective function, constraints, and optimization variables. The EMS is an economic-based single objective optimization problem expressed as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. On the contrary, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach frames the sizing problem to optimize a techno-economic-based multi-objective function. The interaction between the two problems is that the lower problem is an embedded constraint of the upper problem. Moreover, the candidate solutions from the upper problem are treated as fixed parameters in the lower problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to execute the overall problem by the MATLAB toolbox. The technical and economic performance parameters, including the investment cost, maintenance, operating costs, and others, are assessed based on the best findings. The key finding demonstrates that the summer week has the lowest total cost and energy loss factor, with around 132,000 $ and 0, respectively. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the entire system's energy loss factor for each sample period is less than 0.0009. This value is substantially less than the permitted limit of 0.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper studies the feasibility of utilizing photovoltaic systems in a standard residential apartment in Amman city in Jordan. Data on solar radiation, sunshine duration and the ambient temperature has been recorded in Amman city. An apartment in Amman was chosen as a case study to conduct energy and economic calculations. The electrical power needs and cost were calculated for the apartment. The component design and cost of PV system required to supply required energy was calculated and the payback period for the suggested stand-alone PV system in this paper was estimated in a constant inflation rate in electricity price similar to that of interest rate. The calculated payback period was high in a stand-alone system, to decrease payback period a grid-connected PV system is suggested. Considering an annual increase of 3% in electricity price, 15% of payback period was decreased in a stand-alone PV system and 21% in a grid-connected PV system. The output results of this study show that installation of PV system in a residential flat in Jordan may not be economically rewarding owing to the high cost of PV system compared to the cost of grid electricity. A feed-in tariff law of solar electricity may help to reduce PV system cost like the case of Germany. Additional conclusions are PV systems may be economically rewarding in Jordan if applied in locations far from electrical grid or in remote large scale PV power installations to overcome economical limitations of PV technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents some insights into Jordan’s energy consumption in the tourist accommodation sector. The results of a recent survey on environmental performance in the tourist accommodation sector in Jordan were used to evaluate energy conservation in hotels. A survey was designed and distributed to hotels’ managers and departments’ supervisors in order to understand the environmental performance in the tourist accommodation sector in Jordan during the period 10–17 August 2006. Also some field visits were conducted to fully understand hotels interaction regarding the environment, in addition to help interpreting the results of the survey. The study is limited to all classified hotels in Jordan. It was found that lighting hotels’ main building and outside areas, and air conditioning consume more electricity compared to other departments. The results show that few classified hotels already installed energy saving equipments, though, it was noticed that managers of one star hotels were not really willing to make such changes in their hotels, on the other hand, other classified hotels (2–5 star hotels) have shown a high willingness to make changes in their hotels to reduce the consumption of different types of energy. Hotel’s classification played a significant role in explaining variations in most of the results, particularly when it comes to long-term investments to reduce energy consumption by using energy efficient appliances. Five and four star hotels were the most hotels willing to use energy efficient appliances to reduce energy consumption. The study suggested some strategies to help reduce the negative impacts of high energy consumption in hotels. These strategies include better insulation, and enhanced insulation for the hot water reticulation system. Moreover, enhancing and increasing the level of awareness among all hoteliers through a directed and well-designed campaign. Also offer interest free loans; and activate precise standards and specifications for new hotels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The current situation of energy consumption in the Jordanian industry is presented. The industrial sector energy consumption represents 22% of the country’s total energy consumption. A survey covering about 10% of the total existing industrial firms was conducted for the study. About 90% of the industrial firms are considered small. It was shown that the main sources of energy in the industrial sector are electricity, heavy fuel oil and Diesel fuel. Their combined cost is about 95% of the total energy cost in this sector. Detailed data on fuel and electricity consumption are presented in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]