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Climate change leads to the frequent occurrence of natural disasters. It has had a severe impact on agricultural economic growth in China. Based on data in China from 2004 to 2020, this paper uses a fixed-effect model to discuss the effects of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth. The empirical results are as follows. (1) Natural disasters negatively affect agricultural economic growth. The regression coefficient of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth is −0.1183. (2) The inhibition of agricultural economic growth by natural disasters is more prominent in areas with low government attention and average agricultural production conditions. (3) The mechanism analysis shows that natural disasters inhibit agricultural economic growth through channels that cause the spread of diseases and pests. (4) Expanding the scale of agricultural insurance can prevent the impact of natural disasters on agricultural economic growth. This research provides policy recommendations for preventing the negative impacts of natural disasters. Agricultural producers should raise awareness of disaster management and improve the accuracy of disaster warning mechanisms. • This paper measures the level of natural disasters in China. • This paper expands the application field of functional data analysis methods. • This paper examines the mechanism of natural disasters affecting agricultural economic growth. • This paper provides policy suggestions for ensuring agricultural economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reflect the trend of electricity consumption (EC) in China's Pearl River Delta (PRD) under a balanced environment and economy, this paper proposes an EC forecasting framework from the perspective of optimal economic growth. The historical GDP statistics of the PRD are calibrated with data from the new "NPP-VIIRS-like" nighttime light dataset from 2000 to 2020, and two simulation scenarios of optimal economic growth are constructed according to the carbon emission reduction rate. Finally, based on the electricity data from 2000 to 2017, an error correction model is constructed to predict and compare the trend of EC in the PRD under different carbon emission scenarios. The results demonstrate the following. (1) The economic growth path under low-carbon constraints is more closely aligned with the actual economic development of the PRD. (2) The electricity demand required to sustain optimal economic growth in the PRD under low-carbon constraints is projected to reach saturation around 2037, approximately a decade earlier than the scenario without carbon constraints. The results of the projections are expected to guide future work on power system planning and economic development assessment in the context of carbon reduction. • The balance between environmental resources and economic development is considered. • The optimal economic growth path under the low-carbon goal is measured. • Calibration of regional statistics with the nighttime light dataset "NPP-VIIRS-like". • The error correction model is built as a short-term regulation mechanism for power prediction. • Predicted electricity demand for optimal economic growth in the PRD under different scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the moderating role of economic complexity in the relationship between energy transition and economic growth, utilizing panel data from 124 countries spanning 2000–2020 and employing the robust weighted least squares (RWLS) estimation method. Our findings indicate an overall negative impact of energy transition on economic growth. Notably, economic complexity emerges as a positive moderator, alleviating the adverse effects of energy transition. This novel insight challenges existing literature, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between renewable energy adoption, economic growth, and economic complexity. Policymakers should acknowledge the intricate dynamics involved in transitioning to renewable energy sources and consider the role of economic complexity in shaping outcomes. • Economic complexity plays a positive moderation in the effect of energy transition on economic growth. • Countries with greater economic complexity experience more economic growth benefits from transitioning to renewables. • Decision makers should formulate policies promoting economic complexity to align energy transition with economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decoupling of electricity CO 2 emissions (ECE) is pivotal in achieving China's "double carbon" goal. However, empirical studies primarily focus on the decoupling of ECE from the production side of a specific country or region, thereby ignoring the spatial separation of electricity production and consumption due to the highly connected electricity network. Decoupling of ECE from the consumption side is also crucial. In this study, the IPCC inventory method and quasi-input-output (QIO) model were comprehensively used to establish an electricity CO 2 emission accounting framework covering both the production and consumption sides. The Tapio and Logarithmic Mean Division Index (LMDI) models were used to explore the decoupling relationship between ECE and economic growth and the driving factors. Results ultimately show the following:(1) During 2007 to 2020, the decoupling situation experienced a process from weak decoupling to strong decoupling and finally to expansive negative decoupling; (2) The economically developed eastern regions and the western regions that are affluent in renewable energy resources showed different decoupling states; (3) Renewable energy in the southwest and nuclear electricity generation in the east promotes production-side decoupling, while fossil energy electricity generation in the north inhibited production-side decoupling. Industrial restructuring in the northeastern region and the western electricity-generating provinces has contributed to the decoupling at the consumption side. The research is helpful for China's national and provincial electricity sectors to set up a comprehensive emission reduction policy based on shared responsibility allocation from the production and consumption sides. • Consumption-side decoupling complements the emission reduction policy. • Decoupling on the production and consumption sides is of great difference. • The decoupling process showed an inverted U shape. • The renewable energy effect promotes the decoupling on the production side. • The industrial structure effect promotes the decoupling on the consumption side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal has been a valuable natural resource for Pakistan not just for its relative abundance but for its critical role in the progress of various energy industries. This study analyzes the impact of economic growth and coal intensity on Pakistan's coal consumption. The effects of economic scale and coal intensity factors are studied to analyze the decomposition under the national economic plan, industrial economic and intensity effects. To achieve this objective, we applied the Laspeyres index of decomposition method for yearly data spanning the period of 2001–2020. The empirical findings show that (i) economic growth leads to a rise in coal consumption; however, coal intensity effects present mixed results due to lower production and technology. The reason is that Pakistan started coal production from the Thar coalfield during the half-decade with a growth of 35.9%, which caused industrial intensity during 2006–2010 and 2011–2015. (ii) The power industry has the maximum contribution (98%) to the overall impact regarding the intensity effect. Cement, brick-kilns and Pak-steel industries contributed 0.06%, 1.71% and 7.66 (until 2015), respectively. (iii) The highest economic contributors are the brick-kilns, cement and power industries, which provide 166.56, 4614.74 and 1435.94 billion US$ respectively between 2001 and 2020. (iv) From 2001 to 2015, the coal intensity of each industry was mixed, but it then increased through 2020. Furthermore, these industries demonstrate that when coal use drops, the intensity will reduce. Finally, the average coal consumption is predicted to be about 35.80% from 2025 to 2035, which means that Pakistan may substitute its domestic resources and conserve its energy because of technical enhancement. • Economic and intensity effects of coal consumption in Pakistan are discussed. • Laspeyres index and intensity decomposition are analyzed as a whole and industries. • Economic growth is the factor which increases coal consumption. • Brick-Kilns, Cement and Power industries are the higher economic contributors. • Average coal consumption is predicted to be about 35.80% from 2025 to 2035. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global shift to renewable energy is conducive to carbon reduction, but its impact on the economy is still uncertain. Unlike existing research focusing on the effect of domestic renewable energy (RE), this paper considers the global RE connection among countries and examines the impact of global RE development on economic growth (EG) using China as a sample. In addition, we apply a novel wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile method, which can estimate the local influence of the α-quantile of global RE on the β-quantile of the EG in different periods. The finding shows that the upper quantiles of RE promote EG , and this effect is greater at the upper quantiles of EG in the medium- and long-term. This is mainly because China plays a leading role in RE development and has an advantage in exporting RE -related products with the development of global RE. The finding proves the growth effect, indicating that RE is a blessing for China's EG. However, in the short term, a higher level of global RE development impedes China's EG due to high upfront costs of RE production, fierce competition from other countries, and insufficient energy supply when significant investment shifts from non-renewable energy to RE. The empirical results provide important policy implications to balance RE 's short-term inhibitory effect and long-term promoting effect on EG in the process of the global energy transition. • The global RE connection and the impact of global RE development on economic EG. • Applying wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile method can estimate the local influence of global RE on EG in different periods. • Upper quantiles of RE promote EG is greater at the upper quantiles of EG in the medium- and long-term. • The growth effect indicating that RE is a blessing for China's EG. • Balance RE's short-term inhibitory effect and long-term promoting effect on EG in the process of energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become a more pressing issue as time goes on, the role of green growth and green innovation emerges as a driving force for cleaner economic growth and a healthy environment by reducing environmental contamination. Environmental pollution is influenced by a wide variety of factors, as evidenced by numerous research studies. The impact of green growth and green innovation, as well as ICT on CO2 emissions has not been adequately examined in these research studies. This study highlights the importance of green growth (GG) and green innovation (GIN) for sustainable development. Our study aims to fill the gap by investigating how green growth impacts CO2 emissions in Pakistan, specifically in light of green innovations and ICT. A key innovation of this research is its incorporation of ICT interaction with green growth and green innovation. The results from augmented ARDL analysis constitute that green growth and green innovation significantly contribute to improving environmental sustainability in Pakistan. But in contrast, ICT shows a significant positive relationship with CO2 emissions. Similarly, the interaction between GG*ICT upsurge CO2 emissions, however, the role of the interaction term GIN*ICT is positive in enhancing environmental quality. As a result, policymakers and regulators should focus on promoting a green growth agenda and green innovation to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development goals. • An increase in green growth enhances environmental quality. • Green innovations are conducive to carbon reduction. • ICT impedes environmental sustainability. • The moderating role of ICT with green innovation fosters environmental quality. • The moderating role of ICT with green growth hinders environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the asymmetric impact of oil price, economic growth, financial development, and industrialization on oil consumption in Tunisia, using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL bound testing approach confirms the presence of a cointegrating relationship between oil demand and its determinants. The results show that oil demand is income elastic and price inelastic. In the long run, the impact of increased and decreased financial development on oil consumption is found positive and negative, respectively. The findings also highlight that a positive (negative) shock to industrialization decreases (increases) energy consumption. The study of symmetrical causality supports the feedback hypothesis between growth and consumption. However, the asymmetric causality analysis shows that only negative shocks to economic growth have impacts on oil demand. The Tunisian economic model could be oriented in such a way as to support economic activity and implement energy saving policies. Finally, the implications of the different findings are discussed and key recommendations for policymakers are also provided. • The demand for oil is income elastic and price inelastic. • There is a positive relationship between financial development and oil consumption. • There is a negative relationship between industrialization and oil demand. • Only negative shocks to economic growth impact on oil demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the renewable energy consumption and economic growth discourse by examining how foreign direct investment moderates this relationship for a panel of 15 West African countries from 1990 to 2021. Applying the Panel-Corrected Standard Errors and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares techniques, the study shows that renewable energy consumption hinders economic growth in West Africa. In addition, foreign direct investment is found to have a positive impact on economic growth. The findings further reveal that the interaction between renewable energy consumption and foreign direct investment has a positive impact on economic growth. Thus, foreign direct investment boosts renewable energy consumption to positively impact economic growth in West Africa. • Explore the moderating role of FDI in renewable energy consumption and economic growth nexus in West Africa. • Renewable energy consumption impedes West African countries' economic growth. • FDI enhances West African countries' economic growth. • FDI complements renewable energy consumption to positively influence economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress is frequently prioritized to resolve the contradiction between large resource consumption and rapid economic growth. However, in previous energy literature, it is frequently discussed as a whole without considering the heterogeneity. This paper divides the technology into production-oriented and energy-conservation types. Subsequently, a provincial dataset in China between 2000 and 2018 is applied to explore the influence of technology on energy demand. Data on the stock of different patents are employed to identify various technology types. When discussing technology in entirety, empirical regressions indicate that technology does not serve to be a major contributor to the evolution of energy demand. Conversely, when dividing technology into production-oriented and energy-conservation types, both were considered as major forces influencing energy demand but with different effects. The channel analysis suggests that production-oriented technology drives energy demand mainly by increasing individuals' income and expanding the industrial production scale. The energy-conservation technology is beneficial in controlling the energy demand. The spatial analysis indicates that compared to local technology, technology spillovers from neighbouring regions are essential in influencing energy demand. • Technology has not exerted a significant role in the evolution of energy demand. • Energy-conservation type of technology curbs the energy demand. • Production-type of technology drives the energy demand through more economic activities. • Technology spillovers are important to explain the evolution of energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of financial structure on renewable energy consumption in G20 countries, further categorized into BRICS, G7, developed, and developing countries. It also examines the economic growth channel through which financial structure affects renewable energy consumption and the causality relationships between the two. Using feasible generalized least squares and fixed-effects models, the study finds that financial structure significantly increases renewable energy consumption in all sample groups except BRICS, where it decreases consumption. The study also finds that financial structure indirectly promotes renewable energy consumption through economic growth, with threshold values of economic growth varying by sample group. Specifically, the economic growth threshold beyond which financial structure will impact renewable energy consumption is 8.574 (logarithm) in the full sample, 9.078 (logarithm) in the BRICS, 10.477 (logarithm) in the G7, 10.557 (logarithm) in developed countries, and 8.732 (logarithm) in developing countries. These correspond to $5292 billion in the full sample, $8760 billion in the BRICS, $3,5490 billion in the G7, $3,8446 billion in developed countries, and $6198 billion in developing countries. Finally, the study reveals an uni-directional causality from renewable energy consumption to financial structure in the full sample while the reverse exists in the other sample groups. • Estimate the impact of financial structure on renewable energy consumption using G20 countries. • Examine the economic growth channel and the causality relationships between the two variables. • Financial structure significantly increases renewable energy consumption. • Financial structure indirectly improves renewable energy consumption via economic growth. • There exists an uni-directional causality from renewable energy consumption to financial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh has traditionally relied on fossil fuels for meeting its energy demand whereby this major South Asian economy has not been able to safeguard its environment from greenhouse gas emission-related adversities. Moreover, by ratifying several international environmental agreements, especially the Paris Accord and the Sustainable Development Goals, the government of Bangladesh has expressed its solidarity in abating greenhouse gas emissions through the deployment of relevant environmental policies. Hence, this study assesses the impacts of petroleum consumption, economic growth, and technological innovation on carbon emissions in Bangladesh using quarterly frequency data from 1972Q1 to 2020Q4. Overall, apart from confirming the cointegrating relationships among the variables, the regression findings reveal that higher petroleum consumption and economic growth stimulate environmental degradation by boosting carbon dioxide emissions while technological innovation reinstates environmental well-being by curbing the Bangladesh's emission figures. Additionally, technological innovation is seen to moderate the relationship between petroleum consumption and carbon emissions by jointly reducing the emissions with petroleum consumption. Lastly, the causality analysis shows that petroleum consumption, economic growth, and technological innovation causally influence carbon emissions. Based on these key findings, it is recommended that Bangladesh mitigates its petroleum dependency, blends environmental objectives into its economic growth policies, and develops its technological stock. • Determinants of environmental well-being in Bangladesh are analyzed. • Petroleum consumption and economic growth boost carbon emissions. • Technological innovation reduce carbon emissions. • Technological innovation moderates the petroleum consumption-carbon emissions nexus. • Petroleum consumption and technological innovation jointly reduce carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption plays an important role in supporting economic growth. As the largest developing country in China, the uncoordinated energy consumption among regions has seriously affected economic growth and the realization of energy strategic goals. Based on the data of per capita energy consumption of 243 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2019, the nonlinear time-varying factor model and its clustering algorithm are adopted to test the club convergence effect of urban per capita energy consumption, and the Ordered Probit model is further used to reveal their influence factors. The research shows that there are 4 convergent clubs and 1 divergent club in 243 prefecture-level cities in China, and it is determined that initial energy endowment, the level of urban industrialization structure, the level of opening to the outside world and per capita GDP are the influencing factors on the convergence of per capita energy consumption. The research conclusions can provide a basis and reference for realizing the transformation of energy consumption between regions, and then promoting the coordinated development of regions. • Energy consumption is significant regional difference in China from 2005 to 2019. • There are 4 convergent and 1 divergent clubs in 243 prefecture-level cities in China. • Club convergence effect of urban per capita energy consumption was demonstrated. • Influencing factors of convergence have been measured by the Ordered Probit model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study is the first attempt to analyze the synergy between primary energy consumption, economic growth, natural resources, quality of government, financial development, and gross capital formation in the panel data of 30 developing countries from 1990 to 2017. For this purpose, the study employed pooled regression, fixed effects, random effects, and the heterogeneous panel Dumitrescu-Hurlin causation procedure. Our findings confirm that primary energy consumption, gross capital formation, financial development, and quality of government positively impact economic growth. The heterogeneous panel causality test confirms the feedback effect hypothesis in the connection between primary energy consumption and other factors including economic growth. These results offer new insights into policy implications for the developing countries being studied. [Display omitted] • The relationship between primary energy consumption and economic growth in a multivariate framework is investigated. • The panel data consisting of 30 developing countries for the period of 1990–2017 is employed. • Regression analysis and panel Dumitrescu-Hurlin causation methods are utilized. • Primary energy consumption increased economic growth and economic growth increased energy consumption. • Bidirectional causality exists between primary energy consumption and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral resources can contribute to economic, energy, and climate goals by expanding critical minerals used in advanced technology. However, mineral complexity influences the sustainability of achieving these goals. In this study, we investigate the mineral complexity and fossil fuel impact on economic growth, examining 21 emerging Asian economies from 2000 to 2018 using the panel cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag and vector autoregressive causality. The findings indicate that mineral complexity impedes economic growth in the long and short run. In contrast, foreign direct investment and capital are positively associated with long-term economic growth. The empirical outcomes showed a unidirectional causality between fossil fuels and economic growth, suggesting that fossil fuels are essential for sustainable economic growth. This study also investigates a unidirectional causality between economic growth and the exogenous variables, running from mineral complexity, foreign direct investment, and capital to economic growth. The findings suggest that mineral complexity, including supporting factors, contributes to sustainable economic growth. The findings illustrate the significance of understanding the critical minerals, global value chain, and capital for sustainable growth policies. • Examine the role of mineral complexity in technological advancement. • Technological advancement, economic growth, and mineral resources nexus. • Minerals-based batteries are currently used in modern technologies as alternate power. • Role of foreign investment and capital on emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of traditional fossil fuels has contributed to rapid economic expansion while simultaneously having negative implications, such as increasing global warming and the devastation of the biosphere. Niching Penalized Chimp Optimization (NPChOA) is presented in this research in order to address the Environmental Economic Dispatch (EED) problem. In terms of global search capability, robustness, convergence rate, and durability, the proposed NPChOA outperforms the current ChOA. Following that, a novel constrained handling operator addresses the multi-objective optimization difficulty. The performance of NPChOA is evaluated using an IEEE 30 bus with six generators and a ten-unit system. The result of NPChOA is compared with Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Space Reduction Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization (SRSPSO), Chaotic Biogeography-Based Optimizer (CBBO), Dynamic Population Artificial Bee Colony (DPABC), Modified Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (MBFA), Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), Differential Evolution-Crossover Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (DE-CQPSO), standard ChOA, Dynamic Levy Flight ChOA (DLF-ChOA), and Weighted ChOA (WChOA) as the most recent modified version of ChOA to confirm its efficiency. NPChOA's evaluation score and convergence rate are outstanding compared to other benchmarks for single and multi-objective optimizations. The NPChOA's efficacy and robustness in dealing with environmental economic dispatch challenges have been demonstrated by discovering a good compromise value. • Niching Penalized Chimp Optimization is presented to address the EED problem. • A novel constrained handling operator addresses multi-objective optimizations. • The IEEE 30 bus with six generators and a ten-unit system is used for evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the threshold effect of GDP on the causality between GDP and energy consumption (EC), using panel data of 26 OECD countries over the period 1971–2014. Threshold regression technique is employed to explore whether there exists a threshold of GDP in the relationship between GDP and energy consumption and Granger causality testing procedure based on panel VECM is applied to test the causality across GDP regimes. The empirical results highlight the existence of GDP threshold in which the effects of GDP on energy consumption and the direction of the energy-growth causality depend on the initial value of GDP. When real GDP per capita is less than US$ 48,170, there exists unidirectional causality from EC to GDP in both the short and long run. However, when GDP exceeds US$ 48,170 per capita, there is no causality relationship in the short run but GDP is found to Granger cause EC in the long run. The findings urge for the attention of policymakers to take the initiative in implementing energy conservation policies when the economy reaches certain high levels of development and to switch energy policies appropriately in different periods of economic growth, to foster sustainable development. • We examine the GDP-dependent causality between energy use and GDP in 26 OECD countries. • We use threshold regression technique and causality testing based on panel VECM. • There exists a single threshold effect of GDP with the critical value is 48,170 USD. • In the first regime, there are causality relationships running from energy to GDP. • When GDP exceeds the threshold, there is unidirectional causality from GDP to energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lately, Pakistan's forecast for electricity consumption has shown an increasing tendency relative to its generating capability, which is concerning for the country's economic and social stability. Therefore, identifying electricity consumption factors may provide a promising mechanism to establish Pakistan's long-term sustainable policy framework. This study intends to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence electricity consumption, specifically electricity prices, economic expansion, industrialization, and urbanization. The study employs novel econometric techniques include; Lee and Strazicich [1] second generation unit root test, dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Simulations (ARDLS) and the Cumulative Fourier Frequency Domain Causality (CFFDC) approach on a large dataset from 1960 to 2019. The findings reveal that energy prices and industrialization have a positive and significant long and short-run influence on energy consumption, whereas economic expansion has a favorable short-term impact on energy consumption. Suggest that energy prices, economic expansion, and industrialization can facilitate Pakistan to overcome its electricity consumption challenges. In addition, the FDC confirmed the links among the variables in the long-medium and short-run. The findings enable the policy-makers to formulate economic policy measures that would compel Pakistan to cope with the problems noted by its reliance on imported fossil fuels during a period of immense economic expansion, rapid urbanization, and use of its natural potential. Further policy suggestions are discussed in detail in the study. • The study explored the factors affecting electricity consumption in Pakistan. • Employed dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag Simulations and Frequency Domain Causality method. • Revealed energy prices and industrialization have a positive and significant effect on energy consumption. • The Frequency-Domain Causality corroborated the long-medium and short-run link among variables. • The outcomes enable policymakers formulate sustainable energy policies in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the impact of trilemma energy balance and clean energy transitions on economic expansion and environmental sustainability while moderating the role of clean energy and natural resources rents of the three trilemma leaders from 1990 to 2016. Through this study, we have developed a comprehensive empirical analysis, applied advanced econometric methodologies. Westerlund's panel co-integration suggests long-run relationships within the variables. Our long-run random effect generalized least squares (GLS), generalized least square mixed effect models (GLMM), and robust correlated panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) findings indicate trilemma energy balance, clean energy transition, and natural resource depletion enhance economic growth while clean energy discourages this growth. Moreover, trilemma energy balance, clean energy transitions, and clean energy improve while natural resources depletion deteriorates environmental sustainability in the trilemma energy leadership. Increasing the trilemma energy balance by 1% boosts economic growth by 0.3874223%. By increasing the trilemma energy balance by 1%, the ecological footprint is reduced by −0.5901441%. A 1% acceleration in the clean energy transitions boosts economic growth by 0.1208461%. By accelerating the transition to clean energy by 1%, the environmental footprint would decrease by 0.0273685%. Crucial policy implications and study limitations are discussed. [Display omitted] • Energy trilemma and transition nexus checked for environment and economic growth. • Trilemma energy balance encourages economic growth and environmental sustainability. • Clean energy transitions improve economic growth and environmental sustainability. • Individually clean energy improves the environment and declining economic growth. • Natural resources depletion deteriorates environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacturing industry makes the greatest contribution to China's carbon emissions, so reducing emissions among its high-emission subsectors is important to achieve China's overall reduction goals. Innovation is crucial to the green transformation and development of high-emission subsectors. Previous studies have hardly considered the effect of innovation factors on carbon emissions and decoupling of high-emission subsectors. This study incorporated innovation factors into the GDIM (generalized dividing index method) and DEI (decoupling effort index) models and decomposed them into three variables, the innovation input scale, innovation input carbon intensity, and innovation input efficiency, in order to compare the impact of different factors on carbon emissions and decoupling of high-emission subsectors. This approach expands the application scope of the GDIM method and helps to formulate the green transformation policies of the high-emissions manufacturing sector. The results were as follows. (1) The innovation input scale is the primary factor leading to the increase in carbon emissions. The cumulative increase of carbon emissions in the high-emission sectors from 1995 to 2019 was 3.45 billion tons. Innovation input carbon intensity is the primary factor that inhibits the carbon emissions growth. (2) There were significant differences in the degree of decoupling between the high-emission sectors in manufacturing in different periods. The decoupling effect of the manufacture of non-metallic mineral sector was the best; it achieved strong decoupling in 2015–2019, with the DEI reaching 2.17. (3) Decoupling efforts with regard to the carbon intensity of outputs and innovation inputs are the key factors that determine the decoupling of economic growth and carbon emissions in the high-emission subsectors of the manufacturing industry. • Factor decomposition and the decoupling effect of carbon emissions in manufacturing. • The GDIM and DEI are combined to identify the drivers of decoupling. • Most high-emission sectors of manufacturing are weakly decoupled or not decoupled. • The carbon intensity of the output and innovation inputs are key factors. • This study contributes to targeted interventions towards low-carbon manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whenever there is a question of environmental quality and economic prosperity, renewable energy consumption leads the debate. Ghana is a country blessed with a lot of renewable energy resources. However, Ghana depends on non-renewable energy to fuel its economy. This study investigates the direct impact and indirect impact of renewable energy on economic growth using both the Granger causality and the mediation model in its analysis based on data from 1990 to 2015. The variables used for this research are renewable energy, the gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, gross capital formation, and trade. The outcome shows a feedback effect among economic growth and renewable energy consumption, but renewable energy consumption does not have a significant indirect impact on economic growth. Renewable energy has a significant total impact on economic growth. Therefore, the increase in renewable energy consumption has a total positive effect on economic growth. The empirical results of our study suggest that, the use of renewable energy should be encouraged to promote economic growth. • Renewable energy and economic growth in Ghana. • Renewable energy has a total indirect and direct impact on economic growth in Ghana. • Gross capital formation as a moderator has direct impact on economic growth in Ghana. • Renewable energy cause foreign direct investment in Ghana. • Economic growth cause renewable energy consumption in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Digital China" strategy is changing China's economic development model, and China is gradually shifting from pursuing rapid economic growth to high-quality economic development quality. This paper constructs China's urban information and communication technology (ICT) comprehensive development index and then innovatively undertakes the impact of the ICT on green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE). Using panel data from China's 213 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2018, this study explores the direct impact, mediating effect, nonlinear relationship, and regional and development differences of ICT development on GTFEE. The dynamic panel model results show that ICT development positively promotes GTFEE, moderated by technological innovation and industrial structure effects. It is also indicated that the impact of ICT development on GTFEE varies with different resource mismatch levels by using the dynamic threshold model novelty. Moreover, diverse regional locations and development levels lead to varying influences of ICT development on GTFEE. Specifically, eastern regions and developed cities can benefit more from ICT development. • Constructing China's urban information and communication technology (ICT) index. • ICT has a virtual promoting effect on green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE). • The mechanisms are technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. • The impact of ICT development on GTFEE varies with different resource mismatch. • The GTFEE of eastern regions and developed cities can benefit more from ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the Environmental Kuznets Curve relationship between travel and tourism and ecological footprint in Pakistan over the period 1980–2017. For this purpose, the impact of tourism development, economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness and foreign direct investments on ecological footprint is empirically examined within the EKC framework. The ARDL bounds and Bayer and Hanck tests indicate that variables in this study have long-term cointegration. Results revealed a tourism-led growth hypothesis and an inverted U-shaped relationship between travel and tourism and ecological footprint in Pakistan. The ARDL and Toda-Yamamoto non-causality results also reveal that energy use and trade openness are at the cost of ecological footprint. Moreover, inflow of foreign direct investment also adds environmental degradation and support pollution haven hypothesis. Thus, sustainable tourism, fuel mix variation and services sector oriented foreign direct investment should be the target of policymakers. • This paper inspect the tourism-led-growth and EKC hypothesis. • Both conventional and new turning point formulas reveals EKC hypothesis between travel & tourism and EF. • Results show that FDI deteriorates environmental quality and support pollution haven hypothesis. • International Trade in Pakistan is environment friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dynamic causal relationship between renewable energy prices and economic growth in the cases of Norway, New Zealand, and two Canadian provinces. A Markov-switching vector autoregression (MS-VAR) model is used with model parameters being governed by a hidden Markov chain, allowing the causal relationship to vary amongst different states of the economy. A unidirectional causal link, running from economic growth to renewable energy is found in the case of New Zealand, Alberta, and Ontario. The causality emerges in the cases of New Zealand and Ontario, during periods of high economic growth, whilst it materializes in the cases of Alberta during periods of low economic growth. Our empirical results document the existence of a time-dependent causal relationship between renewable-energy prices and economic growth. • Causality link between renewable-energy (RE) prices & economic growth (EG) is probed. • The cases of Norway, New Zealand (NZ) and two Canadian provinces are presented. • Oil prices & interest rate are control variates in a Markov-switching VAR model. • There is a unidirectional causality (EG to RE) at high EG period for NZ & Ontario. • A unidirectional causality is found from EG to RE at low EG period for Alberta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dynamic causal relationship between renewable energy prices and economic growth in the cases of Norway, New Zealand, and two Canadian provinces. A Markov-switching vector autoregression (MS-VAR) model is used with model parameters being governed by a hidden Markov chain, allowing the causal relationship to vary amongst different states of the economy. A unidirectional causal link, running from economic growth to renewable energy is found in the case of New Zealand, Alberta, and Ontario. The causality emerges in the cases of New Zealand and Ontario, during periods of high economic growth, whilst it materializes in the cases of Alberta during periods of low economic growth. Our empirical results document the existence of a time-dependent causal relationship between renewable-energy prices and economic growth. • Causality link between renewable-energy (RE) prices & economic growth (EG) is probed. • The cases of Norway, New Zealand (NZ) and two Canadian provinces are presented. • Oil prices & interest rate are control variates in a Markov-switching VAR model. • There is a unidirectional causality (EG to RE) at high EG period for NZ & Ontario. • A unidirectional causality is found from EG to RE at low EG period for Alberta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the largest carbon emission emitter, China has made a commitment to the international community to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. While most literature suggests such a goal could be achieved mainly through slowing down economic growth, promoting energy transformation, and adjusting the industrial structure, little is known about how improving the economic development quality would have an impact on China's carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality goal. Here based on the environmental Kuznets curve model and scenario analysis, we explored future courses of carbon neutrality, in terms of CO 2 emissions, in China under different scenarios of economic development quality. Results suggest that under the conventional, accelerated, and enhanced improvement scenarios, China could reach a carbon peak in 2027, 2026, and 2025 (3.5075, 3.5074, and 3.5066 billion tonnes, respectively), and then achieve the zero carbon emission goal in 2050, 2044 and 2040, respectively. However, achieving such an ambitious trajectory is contingent upon significant improvements in the economic development quality that China should focus on at present and in the future. • We aimed to study when China can reach carbon neutrality in terms of CO 2. • The economic development quality would have great impacts on achieving China's carbon neutrality goal. • The Environmental Kuznets Curve model and scenario analysis were adopted. • China can reach carbon neutrality before 2050 through improving economic development quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper quantitatively measures the labor productivity dispersion index of 30 provincial-level political regions (excluding Tibet) in mainland China from 2006 to 2018 based on industrial employment and output share data. Based on clarifying each region's economic variability, a spatial panel model is used to examine regional economic growth and labor productivity dispersions' effects on energy intensity. It was found that energy intensity in China is significantly spatially correlated. There is a clear gap between the share of output and the share of employment in China's three industries where labor productivity has deviated. The highest index of labor productivity dispersion is found in the western region, followed by the central region, with the lowest in the eastern region. Although, China's economic growth has had a significant negative impact on energy intensity, the current stage of China's economic development model is able to gradually achieve efficient energy use. However, the dispersion of labor productivity is not conducive to the improvement of energy factor allocation efficiency, and rationalization of industrial structure and employment structure transformation are urgently needed. To control energy intensity, China should actively adjust the current labor productivity dispersion; promote the transfer of primary industry labor to secondary and tertiary industries; strengthen control mechanisms for energy prices; optimize the impact of investment activities on energy intensity; and improve energy efficiency. • China's factor input structure and power sources are undergoing profound changes. • The study incorporates spatial measures to study the energy intensity problem. • Labor productivity dispersion raises energy intensity. • Economic growth is decoupled from energy intensity at this stage. • Higher energy prices can actually lead to higher energy intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tested the relation among macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, current account balance, energy imports and non-economic variable as militarization for the selected countries by employing Markov Switching-Bayesian Vector Auto Regressive approach for China, Israel and South Korea. These countries have high rate of export and import of weapons, the current account surplus, and higher rate of energy imports. The results showed that the relation between the selected variables differs in these countries with respect to their energy and weapon import levels. According to Markov-Switching Bayesian Granger Causality results, if the governments determine the polices in the context of the results of the traditional causality test, it will be impossible to obtain the estimated impacts from the policies. Results determined that Militarization, energy imports, economic growth and current account balance relate to each other for all countries. Energy imports increase in the effect of militarization races and economic growth. The current account of the selected countries are vulnerable to the negative energy shocks and militarization. • Markov-Switching Bayesian Granger Causality test and traditional Granger causality test were applied. • Militarization, energy imports, economic growth and current account balance relate to each other. • Energy imports increase in the effect of militarization races and economic growth. • The current account balances are vulnerable to the negative energy shocks and militarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many empirical studies have examined the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. Given the significant role of China in global economic growth and electricity use, this study analyzes the multiple causal mechanisms underlying the electricity consumption-economic growth nexus in China using a structural equation model and comparing the nexus with national-level data from 1978 to 2019. This study contributes to the understanding of the direct and indirect causal mechanisms between the electricity consumption-economic growth nexus. We find: (1) the nexus has strengthened with time, and the direct and indirect effects from electricity consumption to economic growth have also increased with time; (2) indirect influences of electricity consumption on economic growth are stronger than the direct influence; and (3) increasing ecological awareness brought about by economic growth increases the demand for electricity generation from clean energy sources. Therefore, the Chinese government should formulate policies to facilitate high-quality electricity production to meet the increasing demand from economic growth. • SEM tests the causality between electric consumption and economic growth in China. • Causal mechanisms between electricity consumption and economic growth are compared. • The direct effect of electricity consumption on economic growth increases. • The effect of electricity development on ecological awareness increases with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green economic growth and sustainable development complement each other, promoting green economic growth has important practical significance. However, the existing research focuses on qualitative analysis and less on quantitative analysis of the green economic growth. This study constructs a comprehensive index system of green economy, and uses entropy weighted TOPSIS method to evaluate the green economic growth from 2000 to 2017 in China. This study shows that:(1) Since the 21st century, China's green economy has been constantly improved. Ecological civilization and social progress are the main support for green economic growth. Economic development is secondary, and innovation-driven is lagging behind. (2) There are obvious regional differences in green economic growth. The eastern region is obviously better than the central and western regions, but the overall regional differences are shrinking. At the same time, the green economic growth shows obvious spatial agglomeration effect. (3) Population size, economic development level, technological innovation, industrial structure, urbanization, environmental regulation and FDI have impacts on the green economic growth, but the spatial effect of each influencing factor is different. In the process of developing the green economy, policy-makers should fully combine the spatiotemporal evolution of the green economy and its influencing factors, and make targeted policies. • This paper measures China's green economic growth. • Entropy weighted TOPSIS framework is employed. • China has made great progress in green economic growth. • China's green economic growth has obvious regional heterogeneity. • China's green economic growth has a spatial effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era of globalization, financial and natural resources are considered the vital indicators that intensely contribute to mitigate environmental degradation and boost economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to realize a more significant assessment of the intricacies of determining greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic growth. The current research analyzes the dynamic association between financial development, natural resources, globalization, non-renewable, and renewable energy consumption on GHG emission and economic growth for eight Arctic countries from 1990 to 2017. Additionally, the current study confirms the presence of cross-sectional dependency by employing the second-generation panel unit root, cointegration, and long-run elasticity estimation tests for robust and efficient outcomes. The findings explored that financial development and renewable energy consumption considerably condense environmental deterioration, while other potential factors like globalization, economic growth, and non-renewable energy contribute to increased environmental degradation. Moreover, financial development, natural resources, globalization, non-renewable, and renewable energy boost economic growth. Based on these empirical outcomes, several policy recommendations are formulated to overcome and control the environmental damages without hindering economic growth for the Arctic region. • The drivers of GHG emissions and economic growth are investigated. • A significant cross-sectional dependency is detected across cross-sections. • Financial development and renewable energy help to reduce GHG emission. • Natural resources, economic growth and non-renewable energy increase the GHG emission. • All potential variables like FD, NRR, GLO, REC and NREC boost the economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, the imbalance between China's domestic energy supply and demand, and the success of the shale gas revolution in the United States have been the main motivators for China to actively issue shale gas development policies and explore its own path on this industry. This paper estimates three indicators of economic development: regional GDP, employment level, and the housing price index by using data from China's largest shale gas region, the Fuling District in Chongqing (a municipality in China). The analysis uses a Synthetic Control Method (SCM) model based on data from Fuling itself and other 34 counties of the Chongqing municipality over the period from 2005 to 2018. The results demonstrate that shale gas development has a significant positive effect on both regional GDP and employment level, with average impact growth rates respectively of 9.8% and 12.0%. By contrast, we find an insignificant effect of shale gas development on housing prices. These results support the case for further development of shale gas in China. Note that in some areas our results differ from existing literature, providing a reference for further research in this area. • We estimate the effect of shale gas development on the regional economy in China. • We apply the Synthetic Control Method for model identification. • We find a positive effect of shale gas development on regional GDP and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of energy intensity and economic growth on environmental quality in three populous countries in the Middle East region, including Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. For this purpose, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested along with comparison of ecological footprint (EF) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission indicators during 1971–2015. According to stationary properties of the variables, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach was used to study the existence of short- and long-run relationships. The empirical results provided the evidence supporting inverted U-shaped nexus for per capita income and environmental degradation by employing two environmental indicators in Turkey. In addition, the hypothesis was confirmed by employing EF index and was rejected by employing CO2 emissions in Iran and Iraq. Besides, the results showed that energy intensity is one of important sources of environmental degradation in all the studied countries and there was a significant positive relationship between energy intensity, CO2 emissions, and EF in all the studied countries. • EF and CO2 were compared in validation EKC hypothesis in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. • There is a significant positive impact of energy intensity on CO2 and EF. • EKC hypothesis was confirmed by employing EF and CO2 in Turkey. • In Iran and Iraq, EKC hypothesis was approved by employing EF and rejected by CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth from new risk-based perspectives, including political risks, financial risks, economic risks and composite risks. The study uses a panel threshold model to empirically analyze panel data for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries from 1997 to 2015. The results show when composite risks and political risks are used as threshold variables, there is a single threshold between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. When that threshold is exceeded, the positive effect of renewable energy on economic development increases. When economic risks and financial risks are used as threshold variables, there is a double threshold between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. When the first threshold value is exceeded, but not the second, renewable energy positively impacts economic development. However, when economic risk and financial risk do not lie between the two threshold values, there is an insignificant negative correlation between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. [Display omitted] • This paper explores the impact of country risks on renewable energy consumption and economic growth. • At different risk levels, the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic development is different. • When the composite risk and political risk crosses the threshold, the positive effect is significantly enhanced. • Effect is positive only if economic risks and financial risks crosses the first threshold but not crosses the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress has long been recognised as one of the most effective tools for resolving the contradiction between economic growth and energy consumption. However, previous studies assessing the impact of technological progress on energy consumption have been mostly comprehensive. Additionally, knowledge of the mechanisms influencing their relationship is limited, and the role of spatial correlation in determining regional energy consumption has been largely ignored. Using Chinese provincial data from 2000 to 2016, this study employs a slack-based version of the Malmquist-Luenberger index to measure and decompose technological progress. A dynamic spatial panel model is applied to account for spatial correlation and explore technological progress from this decomposition perspective. The estimated results show that before decomposition, technological progress is incapable of effectively decreasing energy consumption. After technological progress has been decomposed into efficiency and technical change, only the direct spillover effect of efficiency change is significant. A further decomposition for efficiency change results in a significant effect of reducing energy consumption, mostly from the direct effect of pure efficiency change. Lastly, we offer some specific recommendations for China's government to implement and better employ technological progress as a powerful tool to control energy consumption. • Technological progress is decomposed through the SBM-GML technique. • Effect of technological progress on energy consumption is deeply investigated by DSPM. • Direct effects of TFP, EC and PEC can significantly decrease energy consumption. • The negative effect of SEC on energy consumption is mainly due to the indirect effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the literature that examined the total and renewable energy-growth nexus, few of them were conducted in low and middle-income countries, however, the total-renewable energy-growth nexus in the lower and middle-income countries at the regional and global levels has not discussed. In this respect, this study examines the impact of total and renewable energy consumption on growth at the global and regional levels across the low-, lower and middle-, and upper-middle-income groups for a sample of 75 countries from 1980 to 2016. The cross-sectional augmented Autoregressive distributed lagged (CS-DL) and common correlated effect means group (CCEMG) have been employed. The findings reveal that total energy is significantly and positively affects economic growth in three income groups; especially this effect is increasing concerning the level of income group, and renewable energy consumption positively affects economic growth at the global level. At the regional levels, the effect of total and renewable energy consumption on growth is mixed across the income groups. Furthermore, negative and neutral effects of renewable energy on growth are highly prevalent than those from total energy at the regional levels. Therefore, policymakers need to reflect on cause-led negative effects and set relative policies, which could attract investors in renewable energy projects so that renewable energy will positively affect economic growth in all regions across income groups. • Total-renewable consumption and growth nexus is examined across income and regional levels. • The most recent approaches (CS-DL and CCEMG) are employed. • Increasing effect of total energy uses on growth is respect to income levels at the globe. • Positive and mixed effects of total and renewable energy on growth noted in all regions, respectively. • Investors are encouraged to invest in energy sector to increase economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian liquefied natural gas (LNG)-exporting countries have large natural gas reserves with a combined LNG export share value of 58% globally. Nevertheless, their global share in petrochemical exports is merely 2.2%. Among the selected countries, Indonesia and Malaysia have exploited 39% and 17% of the products in their petrochemical sectors, but the UAE, Myanmar, Oman, Qatar, and Brunei have exploited only 2%–10%. The significant potential for these countries with regard to exploiting these petrochemical products to scale up their export diversification, in turn leads to sustainable economic growth. The primary reason for their low global share is insufficient knowledge concerning their production capacity, as well as the sector's feasibility and potential with respect to their capabilities. This study thoroughly investigates the export diversification potential and opportunities for Asian LNG-exporting countries by exploring the nexus between LNG and petrochemicals using a product space model (PSM). The results indicate that production of unexploited petrochemicals is imminent in Indonesia and Malaysia, while the UAE, Myanmar, and Oman have moderate opportunities for exploration. These findings can assist policymakers in formulating realistic policies in accordance with their country's capabilities. It will also assist entrepreneurs in identifying potential sectors for establishing new enterprises. • Asian LNG-exporting countries are studied through product space model. • PRODY, EXPY, proximity, density, strategic value, and open forest are calculated. • Asian LNG-exporting countries have a negligible share in global petrochemical exports. • Indonesia and Malaysia are very close to unexploited petrochemicals. • UAE, Myanmar, and Oman are medium proximate countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption on economic growth, differentiating between manufacturing and services growth. We derive our empirical model from an endogenous growth framework with expanding variety of intermediate capital goods embedding non-renewable and renewable energy inputs. Controlling for well-established growth determinants, we estimate the effects of non-renewable and renewable energy consumption, differentiated by type of use — industrial, residential, and total final energy consumption — on manufacturing and services growth. We find that renewable energy enhances growth in high-growth sectors, i.e. the services sector in high-income economies and the manufacturing sector in middle-income economies. In the case of high-income countries, renewable energy is a complement to non-renewables, whereas in the case of middle-income countries the two are substitutes. The growth effects are primarily due to industrial energy consumption. T Based on our findings, we propose that an effective renewable energy incentives policy for middle-income countries should be directed at manufacturing enterprises, and in high-income countries these incentives should be directed at the services sector. • Endogenous growth framework with expanding variety of intermediate goods for energy consumption. • We test the effects renewables and non-renewables on the growth of manufacturing and services. • Renewable energy enhances growth in high-growth sectors. • These sectors are services in high-income and manufacturing in middle-income economies. • The growth effects are due to industrial energy and not to residential energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is noteworthy because both industrial and residential sectors in Bangladesh use a significant amount of electricity for various purposes. Thus, it motivates us to examine the asymmetric impacts of electricity consumption on economic growth in Bangladesh by using the Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model over the annual data of 1971–2014. After confirming the long-run asymmetric cointegration between the series, the long-run result indicates that economic growth responds to electricity consumption asymmetrically in Bangladesh. The long-run result also indicates the dominant effect of negative shocks in electricity consumption over its positive shocks while affecting the economic growth in Bangladesh. Therefore, the policies to tackle the issues of economic growth unsustainability and ecological grief should not underestimate the long-run asymmetric effects of electricity consumption on economic growth in Bangladesh. • Asymmetric impacts of electricity consumption on economic growth are examined. • Employs Nonlinear-ARDL model for Bangladesh relying on annual data 1971–2014. • The study confirms the long-run asymmetric cointegration between the series. • The negative shocks in electricity use affect GDP more than its positive shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry and agriculture in Malaysia are the main contributors to economic growth and employment. These sectors also play an important role in Malaysia's total exports. The question then is whether technological innovation, sectoral output, and exports growth have had a real impact on these two sectors, which are very important for policy-making. This paper attempts to empirically identify such relations using econometric methods, including an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method and a dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) during 1978–2018. The results confirmed that overall long-run economic growth is the main contributor to the increase in energy consumption with a greater magnitude than in the short-run. In the long-run, an increase of 1% in economic growth leads to an increase of 4.6% and 1.1% in energy demand in agriculture and industrial sectors, respectively. Exports are the second largest contributor to energy demand in the overall economy and the agriculture sector. Finally, the technological innovation that enhances energy efficiency is only effective in reducing energy consumption in the industrial sector, which ultimately reduces emissions. [Display omitted] • It the relationships between energy consumption and crude oil price is investigated. • Technological innovation have negative relationships with energy consumption. • Economic growth is the main factor to energy consumption in the short- and long-runs. • The magnitude of long-run economic growth effects are greater than the short-run. • Agriculture export is the main contributor to energy consumption in the short-run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructure and energy services play a leading vital role in prospering an economy. Therefore, the internal influence mechanism between the two is a crucial issue that deserves the benefits of macroeconomic planning policies. By adopting the perpetual inventory method and data envelopment analysis, this paper estimates the provincial capital stock of economic infrastructure and measures the energy services of China's manufacturing industry during 2003–2017. The moderated mediation model and Bootstrap random sampling method are employed to explore the impact mechanism of infrastructure development on energy services. We find that the expansion of infrastructure will not only improve the energy services through direct effects but also through the indirect effects of promoting economic growth. The enterprise's capital circulation efficiency plays a moderation role in the mediation process. With the increase of capital circulation efficiency, the indirect effect of economic growth is decreasing. Besides the conclusion, some targeted policy suggestions are made for the government. • Impact mechanism between infrastructure and energy services are investigated. • A comprehensive analytical framework is used for analysis. • Expansion of infrastructure improve the level of energy services. • Mediation role played by economic growth are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the dynamic relationship of energy consumption, international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) with economic growth for a panel of BRICS and ASEAN countries over the period of 1990–2017 within a multivariate framework. The panel co-integration test, panel quantile regression method, impulse response function and heterogeneous panel causality test are used for empirical investigation. The results reveal the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. In the long run, the effects of energy consumption, international trade, capital and FDI are found to be positive and significant on the economic growth of these countries. The heterogeneous panel causality test results indicate bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, labour force and economic growth, international trade and energy consumption, and labour force and international trade. A unidirectional causality from economic growth to international trade and FDI, and from international trade and energy consumption to FDI is also identified. The implications of these results are also discussed. • A dynamic link of energy use, international trade and economic growth is explored. • Panel data of BRICS and ASEAN countries are considered for this study. • Energy use and international trade positively affect economic growth. • Effect of energy is three times more than that of trade on economic growth. • A bidirectional causality between energy use and economic growth is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main scope of this research was to develop and apply new methodology for energy prediction during a long-term period, based on the logarithmic relationship between electricity per capita and GDP per capita. This relationship was proven to be valid until 1989. It contains changeable energy and financial indicators and a dynamic rate of growth K, in the form of hyperbolic curves. With a range of slopes from 0.1 to 6, it enables a new economic classification of countries. Further research of this method, called IKoMet, has made the application of this relationship for future periods possible through the deduction of new energy and financial indicators. It was first applied to Italy, by the determination of indicators for a prediction after 1990. The results show that energy growth in the first period was more than ten times faster in comparison to the following period, while financial growth was almost twice as large in the first period. This procedure was also successfully applied for Switzerland, thus it can be concluded that IKoMet could generally be used for long-term energy prediction. • Electricity and economic growth are related according to a new relationship. • The methodology, called IKoMet, enables accurate predictions for national energy strategies. • The development of new energy and financial indicators enable long-term forecasting. • All countries are economically classified according to a new hyperbolic constant. • A new ratio of growth between the gross domestic product and energy is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on China's 30 provinces penal data, from 1990 to 2017, this paper uses the quantile regression model to estimate the impact of fossil energy abundance and clean energy abundance on economic growth and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. The findings show that fossil energy abundance exerts a greater impact on economic growth in the intermediate quantile provinces such as Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, and Shandong because these provinces have larger petroleum processing and coal gas production industries. The CO 2 emissions in the upper 90th quantile provinces such as Liaoning, Shanxi, and Shandong, receive the biggest impact from fossil energy abundance because these provinces consume more coal and oil. However, the impacts of renewable energy abundance on economic growth in the 50th-75th, upper 90th, and 75th-90th quantile groups are greater, since their renewable energy industry is growing faster. The influence of renewable energy abundance on CO 2 emissions in all quantile groups is positive, meaning it does not play a prominent role in mitigating CO 2 emissions. Therefore, each quantile province should formulate specific policies to promote the growth of renewable energy and actively develop strategic emerging industries. • Fossil energy contributes more to economic growth in the middle-level quantiles. • The impact of fossil energy on emissions in the upper 90th quantiles is the strongest. • Renewable energy abundance does not play a prominent role in reducing emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing energy resources contributes to achieving economic targets and environmental change, as well as fulfilling energy demands via producing clean energy and new technologies. However, the procedures for accomplishing these interlinked objectives and achieving sustainable development need to be addressed empirically. To this end, we examined the nexus between fossil fuel, renewable energy, and economic growth, using a time series data 1980–2017 of Pakistan. By employing a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag and asymmetric causality approaches, this study determines the asymmetric impact of one variable on the others. During the investigation, the results confirmed asymmetric and nonlinear co-integration between pairs of the variables. An asymmetric feedback causality was observed between positive shocks to economic growth and renewable energy consumption. In contrast, the asymmetric causality test showed that positive and negative shocks in fossil fuel and economic growth had a neutral effect, while a symmetric bidirectional hypothesis was observed between fossil fuel consumption and economic growth. Finally, an asymmetrically unidirectional causal nexus was confirmed between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Prospectively, our findings suggest the significance of clean energy along with the installation of new technologies for achieving sustainable economic growth without undermining environmental intactness and ecosystem. • Asymmetric nexus between fossil fuel, renewable energy use and economic growth. • Variables are decomposed into positive and negative shocks to examine nonlinearity. • NARDL model is used to investigate long and short-run cointegration in one model. • Asymmetric causality tests used to examine the nexus between the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imperative to mitigate climate change is one of the biggest challenges that confront mankind in the present millennium and investment in renewable energy source is one of the most viable options. This study examines the dynamic causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and climate change for a sample of 16 selected African countries. It applies the Panel Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL-PMG), Panel Mean Group-Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL-MG) and Granger Causality tests to annual data covering the period 1980–2014. The empirical analysis confirms the presence of cointegration long-run relationship among variables. In the long-run, non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth are found to have a harmful effect on the climate change, whereas, renewable energy consumption has a beneficial climate change effect. In the short-run, results reveal a bidirectional causality relationship running from non-renewable energy consumption to climate change, supporting the feedback hypothesis, whereas, a unidirectional causality relationship running from climate change to renewable energy consumption is proven. The results suggest mostly that renewable energy consumption can help to mitigate climate change in African countries. • This study examines the relations between energy sources and climate change. • It employs ARDL-PMG, ARDL-MG and Granger Causality tests. • Renewable energy consumption has a beneficial climate change effect. • Non-renewable energy and output contributes to climate change acceleration. • Policy suggestions that can help the continent achieve global climate objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has deservedly received much attention in the literature due to its significance to sustainable development, particularly in countries such as China with rapid economic growth. However, few studies have explored the spatial heterogeneous nature of this relationship within countries where there are spatial variations in terms the level and speed of economic development. This study analyzes how industrial GDP and employment are related to industrial electricity consumption at prefecture city level across China using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR). It also examines the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and research/development (RD) in mediating the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption. The results show that, during the study period, industrial electricity consumption became increasingly related to industrial GDP while the influence of employment diminished. However, this relationship varied over space and time with clear differences between the cities in the developed east coast and the rest of the country. Also, the FDI and RD improved efficiency in electricity consumption especially in less developed central and western regions during the study period. • Identify the spatial heterogeneity of energy-economy relationship across China. • MGWR models are used. • Results on spatial variations correspond to the knowledge of regional gaps in China. • Results on temporal effects examine the predictability of energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of renewable energy in protecting the environment is well established. This study explores the dynamic links among energy transitions, energy consumption, and sustainable economic growth in thirty-eight International Energy Agency (IEA) countries. We apply advanced econometric methodologies for empirical analysis from 1995 to 2015 and find long-run relationships among the variables. However, the effect of energy transitions on economic growth is significant only in the long run, and economic sustainability influences economic growth in both the short run and the long run. Moreover, the energy transition is negatively associated with host countries' economic growth, while economic sustainability, renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, labor, and capital are positively related to that growth. Policymakers in the IEA countries are encouraged to settle carbon costs and taxation, provide continuous support to research and development, commercialize low–CO 2 –emission technologies, reduce subsidies on non-renewable energy, offer cooperative programs for technology transfers, and generate a green trade policy to procure sustainable development. Study limitations and directions for future research in the area are presented. [Display omitted] • Checked links among energy transitions, energy consumption, and economic growth. • Constructed PCA indexes for energy transition and crucial economic indicators. • Energy transition affects GDP in the long run and economic sustainability does so in the short and long runs. • Energy transition is negatively associated with economic growth. • Economic sustainability and energy consumption stimulate economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan has been confronting economic challenges for two decades due to many factors such as the electricity crisis, among others. It is therefore essential to identify such factors that may play a constructive role in economic growth. In doing so, this study investigates the determinants of economic growth in Pakistan from 1972 to 2018. The dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulations approach is applied to analyze positive and negative changes in energy consumption, industrial growth, urbanization, and carbon emissions on economic growth in Pakistan. The frequency-domain causality (FDC) test is utilized to check long-, medium-, and short-run relationships. Our empirical evidence reveals that electricity consumption and industrial value-added have a short- and long-run impact on economic growth. However, carbon emissions and urbanization have positive effects on economic growth in the short run. Consequently, we conclude that energy consumption, industrial growth, urbanization, and CO 2 emissions positively impact economic growth in Pakistan. The FDC also confirms the long-, medium-, and short-run causality hypothesis. The study suggests a requirement to integrate better electricity generation and management with the planning of economic policies. The government is advised to invest more in renewable energy to protect the environment from degradation, ban the import of low-efficiency electrical appliances, and evaluate the refugee reception policy. • The study examines the determinants of economic growth in Pakistan from 1972 to 2018. • This study employs a newly developed, dynamic ARDL simulation model. • The study also applied the frequency-domain causality (FDC) test. • Empirical results show long and short-run significant impacts on economic growth. • However, the FDC evidence revealed the short, medium, and long-run relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Germany and Japan are going through major energy reforms, natural gas consumption is taking a growing share in their energy supply. This paper adopts a Machine Learning approach to assess the causal link between natural gas consumption and economic growth for both economies. A Causal Direction from Dependency (D2C) algorithm with the interconnection of the sub-class is employed using yearly data from 1970 to 2018. The interconnections of the sub-classes are found for both economies, indicating evidence of causalities operating in both directions. In addition, the propagation over the seven eras is linear and homogeneously continue for Japan, while this effect meets a stabilization phase in the fifth era for Germany. The empirical findings claim strong support for the existence of a bidirectional causality between these variables in Germany and Japan, which is in line with the "feedback hypothesis". Although the strength of this bidirectional relationship is clear for both economies, its time-propagation is expected to be longer for Japan. Accordingly, this study claims that the gas supply should be further strengthened to progressively replace the most polluting fuels (oil and coal) and ensure a feasible transition towards a renewable path. • The causal link between natural gas consumption and economic growth exists for both countries. • Predictive analysis highlights a propagation effect between natural gas consumption and economic growth for both economies. • We found empirical sustain for the "feedback hypothesis" for Germany and Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]