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Abstract: This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of implementing District Heating (DH) in Canada, with focus on the network design and operation. We selected for case study an urban area in Ottawa. First, we proved that the medium-temperature district heating (MTDH) (70°C≤ T supply ≤90°C) had better energy delivery performance than high-temperature district heating (HTDH) (T supply >100°C), decreasing the heat loss by approximately 40%. The low-temperature networks (T supply <60°C) achieved even lower heat losses, but they required additional capital investment. The implementation of low-temperature district heating (LTDH) should be considered, thanks to the capability of including more renewable energy and excess industrial waste heat. Next, the simulations show that DH can be implemented to supply present heating loads with medium temperature DH, and operate in the future at low temperature, after energy saving measures have been implemented in the buildings. Areas having linear heat densities greater than 3MWh/(myr) could economically be supplied by DH. Areas with linear heat density below 1.5MWh/(myr) are considered not practically feasible with the current energy market situation in Canada. The paper discusses critical issues and quantifies the performance of design concepts for DH supply to low heat density areas. DH is a fundamental energy infrastructure and is part of the solution for sustainable energy planning in Canadian communities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we reported the current status of the energy sector and its future challenges in Morocco. Recent strategies deployed by the government for sustainable development were reviewed and discussed. These strategies put the transition to renewable alternatives on the top of the national policy implications for energy security and low-carbon economy. We have also suggested a methodological tool to prioritize energy alternatives for power generation. It was found that wind energy is the most appropriate power generation alternative in Morocco at the current level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]