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Fault diagnosis and maintenance of a whole-building system is a complex task to perform. A wide range of available building fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools are only capable of performing fault detection using behavioral constraints analysis. However, the validity of the detected symptom is always questionable. In this work, we introduce the concept of the contextual test with validity constraints, in the context of building fault diagnostics. Thanks to a common formalization of the proposed heterogeneous tests, rule-, range-, and model-based tests can be combined in the same diagnostic analysis that reduces the whole-building modeling effort. The proposed methodology comprises the minimum diagnostic explanation feature that can significantly improve the knowledge of the building facility manager. A bridge diagnosis approach is used to describe the multiple fault scenarios. The proposed methodology is validated on an experimental building called the center for studies and design of prototypes (CECP) building located in Angers, France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]