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The development of electric vehicle fleets is an important element of today's economic, social, and ecological development. This multidimensional sustainable process, although not easy, generates many tangible benefits for various stakeholders, ranging from environmental to financial and competence issues. Despite the fact that the phenomenon of transformation toward rational energy management is gaining momentum on a global scale, there is a significant disproportion in terms of development levels depending on the origin of the economy. The aim of this research article is to identify the key factors affecting the development of fleet electrification in the transport, shipping, and logistics (TSL) sector in Poland. Based on a literature review, a fleet development framework was developed using a PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) analysis and evaluated by TSL companies. According to the conclusions drawn, the most important stimulants are economic factors and technological factors, which limit the development of electrified transport fleets in the TSL industry. Based on this, the authors propose various solutions to improve economic profitability and technological conditions. In addition, it was found that the attitudes of the decision makers at transport companies and cooperation within the TSL sector are also important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth in photovoltaic (PV) module installations over the past decade has prompted a critical need to examine the economic implications of snow accumulation on solar energy production. The aim of this study is to quantify the economic impact of snow accumulation on PV modules in different regions and environmental conditions and to identify effective mitigation strategies for enhancing power generation efficiency and reliability of PV systems. It was found that snow accumulation on PV modules can lead to annual losses of 1% to 12% depending on the environmental conditions and geographic location. A financial analysis related to maintenance costs associated with snow accumulation on PV modules is also presented. A two-fold methodology of quantitative data analysis and interviews conducted with PV system operators is used for this purpose. In addition, the extent of snow accumulation financial losses in the U.S. is categorized based on the snowfall amount and solar market segment, suggesting an annual loss of at least USD 313M in utility and residential solar sectors. Furthermore, various currently employed active and passive snow mitigation strategies are presented in detail, describing their shortcomings and advantages. Finally, prospects on the need for developing reliable and cost-effective snow mitigation strategies for solar panels are discussed, paving the path for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has a significant impact on human economic and social life, and climate issues have rapidly emerged as a global hot topic. Using data from prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2020 as a sample, this study explores the relationship between climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and urban green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE). The results show that, first, the CPU can significantly improve urban GTFEE, and results are reconfirmed after various robustness tests. Second, the CPU promotes urban GTFEE by improving public environmental concerns and optimizing the energy consumption structure. Third, the promotion role of CPU in urban GTFEE is particularly significant in resource-based cities and economically developed cities. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and practical enlightenment for the government to formulate forward-looking climate policies and promote the transformation of green development in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the complex relationship between energy poverty and the maintenance of democratic values within the European Union (EU), suggesting that energy poverty not only impacts economic stability and health outcomes but also poses significant challenges to democratic engagement and equity. To measure energy poverty, a composite index is developed using the entropy method, which surpasses traditional measures focused solely on access to energy or its developmental implications. To assess the level of democratic governance in EU countries, the voice and accountability index (VEA), which is part of the World Governance Indicators compiled by the World Bank, is utilized. By analyzing EU data from 2006 to 2022, the findings suggest that a 1% improvement in VEA quality, represented by a coefficient of 0.122, is correlated with a notable improvement in the energy poverty index. This suggests that the EU should focus on enhancing transparency and public participation in energy decision-making, along with ensuring accountability in policy implementation. The research also differentiates between full and flawed democracies, noting that tailored approaches are needed. In full democracies, leveraging economic prosperity and trade is crucial due to their significant positive impacts on the energy poverty index. In contrast, in flawed democracies, enhancing governance and accountability is more impactful, as evidenced by a higher coefficient of 0.193. Strengthening legal and regulatory frameworks, improving regulatory quality, and ensuring public engagement in governance could substantially mitigate energy poverty in these contexts. In addition, this paper demonstrates that this relationship is influenced by factors such as income inequality, energy intensity, and trade openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) system reliability and durability investigations are essential for industrial maturity and economic success. Recently, PV systems received much interest in Iraq due to many reasons—for instance, power shortage, global warming and pollution. Despite this interest, the precise economic implications of PV system reliability in harsh climates like Iraq remain uncertain. This work assesses the economic implications of PV system component reliability and soiling in Iraq using field experience and historical data. This study identifies the most common failure modes of PV systems installed in Iraq and similar climatic regions, and also ranks their severity. Simulations explore scenarios of PV module degradation rates, inverter lifetimes, soiling rates, and cleaning intervals, revealing that soiling has the most detrimental effect, with cleaning frequency leading to Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) losses of over 30%, depending on the location. Inverter lifetime contributes to LCOE losses between 4 and 6%, depending on the PV system's location. This study also evaluates the impact of tilt angle as a mitigation strategy for reducing soiling loss and its economic implications, finding that installing PV modules at higher tilt angles could reduce the economic impact of soiling by approximately 4.4%. Additionally, the optimal cleaning strategy identified is fully automated dry cleaning with robots, outperforming other strategies economically. Overall, the findings highlight that the LCOE in Iraq is relatively high compared to the global weighted average for utility-scale PV systems, primarily due to high soiling and degradation rates. The LCOE varies within the country, influenced by different degradation rates. This study aims to assist PV stakeholders in Iraq and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in accurately estimating solar bankability; moreover, increasing reliability by minimizing the technical and financial risks by considering key parameters specific to these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript explores the relationship between the economic awareness (as a part of energy awareness) of Polish households and their sustainable energy consumption practices. Sustainable consumption is measured by the frequency of behaviors such as turning off electrical devices when not in use, removing mobile device chargers from sockets, switching off lights when leaving a room, preferring showers over baths, using washing machines and dishwashers only when full, and purchasing energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs. Economic awareness is gauged through variables such as knowledge of electricity tariffs, understanding of electric bill components, awareness of electricity prices, exact knowledge of electricity expenses, electricity usage in kWh, knowledge of effective energy-saving methods, and familiarity with the energy efficiency classes of appliances and light bulbs. This study presents profiles of households with high and low economic awareness regarding their electricity expenditures and examines how these profiles differ in their sustainable energy consumption behaviors. This research is based on a survey of 1407 Polish households conducted online in 2023. Data collected from the survey were subjected to statistical analysis and are presented in tables and graphs. The findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature in the field, highlighting the implications of economic awareness on sustainable energy consumption practices. This research contributes to understanding how economic knowledge influences energy-saving behaviors among Polish households, providing insights for policymakers and energy conservation initiatives. One of the key findings of this paper is the significant association between economic awareness, energy-saving knowledge, and the adoption of sustainable energy consumption behaviors among Polish households. This study reveals that households with higher levels of economic awareness demonstrate a notably higher frequency of practices related to sustainable energy consumption compared to those with lower economic awareness. Similarly, households equipped with greater knowledge about energy-saving techniques exhibit a higher propensity to adopt energy-efficient behaviors. This underscores important roles of economic literacy and education in fostering behavioral changes towards more sustainable energy practices, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions and educational campaigns aimed at enhancing economic awareness and promoting energy-saving knowledge among consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the LCOE for photovoltaics has decreased several times, it is once again gaining popularity. The intensification of the development of PV installations is contributing to the duck curve phenomenon in an increasing number of countries and, consequently, affecting current electricity prices. Decisions on new investments in large-scale PV sources are driven by potential economic and environmental effects, and these, in turn, are subject to locational considerations, both as to the country and its region. In calculating the economic impact of locating a 1 MWp PV farm, it was assumed that the electricity generated by the farm would be fed into the national grid, and that the life of the PV farm would be 20 years. Poland was considered as an example country for the placement of a photovoltaic farm. The authors of this paper proposed that the main verification parameter is the availability of connection capacities to feed the produced electricity into the country's electricity grid. The methodology proposed by the authors for the selection of the location of a PV farm consists of four steps: step (i) identification and selection of the administrative division of a given country; step (ii) verification of available connection capacities; step (iii) (two stages) verification of other factors related to the location of the PV farm (e.g., information on land availability and the distance of the land from the substation), and analysis of productivity at each potential location and electricity prices achieved on the power exchange; step (iv) economic analysis of the investment—analyses of PV farm energy productivity in monetary terms on an annual basis, cost analysis (CAPEX, OPEX) and evaluation of economic efficiency (DPP, NPV, IRR). The greatest impact on the economic efficiency of a PV project is shown by the value of land (as part of CAPEX), which is specific to a given location, and revenues from energy sales, which are pretty similar for all locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A grid blackout is an intractable problem with serious economic consequences in many developing countries. Although it has been proven that microgrids (MGs) are capable of solving this problem, the uncertainties regarding when and for how long blackouts occur lead to extreme difficulties in the design and operation of the related MGs. This paper addresses the optimal design problem of the MGs considering the uncertainties of the blackout starting time and duration utilizing the kernel density estimator method. Additionally, uncertainties in solar irradiance and ambient temperature are also considered. For that, chance-constrained optimization is employed to design residential and industrial PV-based MGs. The proposed approach aims to minimize the expected value of the levelized cost of energy ( L C O E ), where the restriction of the annual total loss of power supply ( T L P S ) is addressed as a chance constraint. The results show that blackout uncertainties have a considerable effect on calculating the size of the MG's components, especially the battery bank size. Additionally, it is proven that considering the uncertainties of the input parameters leads to an accurate estimation for the LCOE and increases the MG reliability level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the optimization of contracted electricity demand (CD) for commercial and industrial entities, focusing on cost reduction within the Brazilian time-of-use electricity tariff scheme. Leveraging genetic algorithms (GAs), this study proposes a practical approach to determining the optimal CD profile, considering the complex dynamics of energy demand on a city-like load. The methodology is applied to a case study at the Federal University of Pará, Brazil, where energy efficiency and demand response initiatives as well as renewable energy projects are underway. The findings highlight the significance of tailored demand management strategies in achieving energy-related cost reduction for large-scale consumers, with implications for economic efficiency in energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidification, a widely employed technique for well stimulation, utilizes a variety of acid systems. However, the literature provides limited insights into the economic and oil recovery implications of these treatments. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the economic impact on the oil recovery of different acid treatment designs in formations with varying degrees of heterogeneity and flow capacity. For this purpose, matrix acidization simulations were conducted using Matrix software to obtain the skin profile for each type of treatment. Subsequently, numerical simulations were performed using IMEX software from the CMG Group to analyze oil production and compare the economic results of different acid treatments. The main findings indicate that reservoirs with low flow capacities benefit more from stimulation operations, yielding a higher financial return when stimulated compared to untreated wells. In fact, there seems to be a range of flow capacity values, from around 20,000 to 40,000 mD.m, above which the net present value (NPV) of stimulated wells is equal to or even lower than that of damaged untreated wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the adoption patterns of clean energy is crucial for designing government subsidies that promote the use of these technologies. Existing work has examined a variety of adoption models to explain and predict how economic factors and other technology and demographic attributes influence adoption, helping to understand the cost-effectiveness of government policies. This study explores the impact of adoption modeling choices on optimal subsidy design within a single techno–economic framework for residential solar PV technology. We applied identical datasets to multiple adoption models and evaluated which model forms appear feasible and how using different choices affects policy decisions. We consider three existing functional forms for rooftop solar adoption: an error function, a mixed log-linear regression, and a logit demand function. The explanatory variables used are a combination of net present value (NPV), socio-demographic, and prior adoption. We compare how the choice of model form and explanatory variables affect optimal subsidy choices. Among the feasible model forms, there exist justified subsidies for residential solar, though the detailed schedule varies. Optimal subsidy schedules are highly dependent on the social cost of carbon and the learning rate. A learning rate of 10% and a social carbon cost of USD 50/ton suggest an optimal subsidy starting at USD 46/kW, while the initial subsidy is 10× higher (USD 540/kW) with a learning rate of 15% and social carbon cost of USD 70/ton. This work illustrates the importance of understanding the true drivers of adoption when developing clean energy policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research on direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has predominantly focused on the types and concentrations of conductive materials across diverse anaerobic digestion. However, insufficient understanding of the impact of residence time, a critical economic factor, prompted this investigation. Magnetite, a conductive material, was introduced into the anaerobic digestion of food wastewater, leading to a significant increase in ultimate methane production (Bu) with 25 mM-Fe3O4 (p < 0.05). Despite a subsequent decline in methane production efficiency from 388.9% to 7.1% over the 15- to 65-day anaerobic digestion period, the initial impact of increased methane production due to magnetite addition was evident. Control's maximum methane production rate (Rm) was 27.5 mL/day, reaching its highest point at 37.4 mL/day with 15 mM-Fe3O4, accompanied by a noteworthy 56.6% reduction in the attainment day of Rm (Rm-day), shortened to 8.2 days. Even with 100 mM-Fe3O4, while Bu showed no significant difference, Rm-day exhibited a substantial reduction of 22.8. Despite the lower overall anaerobic digestion efficiency under some magnetite input conditions, this study confirmed a substantial shortening of Rm-day, suggesting that the DIET mechanism induced by conductive materials such as magnetite could reduce the residence time in continuous-type anaerobic reactors, contributing to improved economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the imperative global shift towards renewable energy to mitigate climate change, Latin America (LATAM) emerges as a region of immense untapped potential. However, there is no formal quantification of the effects of developing this potential. This study analyzes the economic and climate impacts of developing renewable energy in LATAM and the Asia–Pacific region using an integrated economic and climate assessment model (IAM). The key findings are as follows. First, exporting renewable energy from LATAM and the Asia–Pacific region yields economic benefits across all regions. However, this surge in renewable energy exacerbates rather than alleviates global warming. Second, the implementation of policy measures accompanying renewable energy exports, aimed at discouraging the use of polluting energy sources, proves effective in mitigating global warming while sustaining significant economic gains globally. Third, LATAM stands to gain substantially from this development. Fourth, due to the gradual process of capital accumulation, any delays in initiating the development of renewable energy exports not only diminish economic gains during the postponement but also in the years following the commencement of exports. These results are robust to several additional simulations and sensitivity analyses. The results align with the goals of the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, battery swapping stations have become increasingly popular in smart energy networks. Its advantages include reducing the time required for recharging energy, balancing the grid's load, and extending the battery's lifespan. Despite efforts focused on the placement and operation of battery swapping stations (BSSs), there is still a lack of a comprehensive and systematic examination that covers all aspects of both the economic and technical aspects of the power network. This encompasses considerations such as power quality and reliability, particularly in terms of where these stations should be located. This paper introduces a novel framework for strategically positioning BSS within smart microgrids that integrate distributed energy resources (DERs). It takes into account various technical factors (such as reliability and power quality) and economic factors (like the cost of generation and operation), which have been overlooked in the previous research. To achieve this goal, a unique hybrid optimization strategy is developed, incorporating a combination of epsilon-constraint and lexicographic (DECL) optimization methods. This approach tackles a multi-objective challenge, treating factors like the number, locations, and sizes of BSS as independent variables, while operational costs and technical power quality metrics are considered dependent variables. To validate this approach, it is tested on standard benchmark distribution power networks such as IEEE 33, 69, and 118 bus systems. The simulation results, showcasing the strengths and capabilities of this innovative strategy, are compared to the findings of previous research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the determinants of energy poverty among the elderly is crucial for shaping energy policies with significant economic and social implications. This research provides valuable insights into the factors influencing energy poverty among the elderly in Greece. To achieve the study's objectives, household survey data from 3651 elderly individuals for the year 2022 were utilized. The empirical findings, based on statistical and econometric analysis, affirm the influence of socioeconomic factors on the ability of the elderly to meet their energy needs and address energy poverty challenges. The analysis suggests that both household size and work-related pensions positively impact their ability to address their heating requirements. Elderly individuals with a higher level of education are less likely to experience energy poverty. Additionally, it is found that as perceived health status declines, elderly individuals are more likely to encounter difficulties in covering utility payments. These results underscore the importance of tailoring strategies to promote the adoption of energy poverty measures that cater to diverse demographic and income groups. This information is vital for ensuring that the elderly can afford to maintain a comfortable living environment without sacrificing other essential needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries." The authors have made updates to the original publication to improve understanding. The updates include replacing terms such as "carbon dioxide emanations" with "carbon dioxide emissions" and "greenhouse emanations" with "greenhouse gas emissions." Additionally, there are corrections to the references cited in the article. The authors state that these updates do not affect the scientific conclusions of the article. [Extracted from the article]