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2 results on '"Kamila Gawel"'

1. Acid Treatment as a Way to Reduce Shale Rock Mechanical Strength and to Create a Material Prone to the Formation of Permanent Well Barrier

Author

Kamila Gawel, Maksym Lozovyi, Mohammad Hossain Bhuiyan, Ruben Bjørge, and Erling Fjær

Subjects
shale, caprock, activation, permanent barrier, acid treatment, Technology
Abstract

Utilization of natural shale formations for the creation of annular barriers in oil and gas wells is currently discussed as a mean of simplifying cumbersome plugging and abandonment procedures. Shales that are likely to form annular barriers are shales with high content of swelling clays and relatively low content of cementation material (e.g., quartz, carbonates). Shales with large content of quartz and low content of swelling clays will be rather brittle and not easily deformable. In this paper we ask the question whether and to what extent it is possible to modify the mechanical properties of relatively brittle shales by chemically removing some cementation material. To answer this question, we have leached out carbonates from Pierre I shale matrix using hydrochloric acid and we have compared mechanical properties of shale before and after leaching. We have also followed leaching dynamics using X-ray tomography. The results show that removal of around 4–5 wt% of cementation material results in 43% reduction in Pierre I shale shear strength compared to the non-etched shale exposed to sodium chloride solution for the same time. The etching rate was shown to be strongly affected by the volume of fluid staying in direct contact with the shale sample.

Published
2021
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2. Micro- and Macroscale Consequences of Interactions between CO2 and Shale Rocks

Author

Nicolaine Agofack, Kamila Gawel, Pierre Cerasi, and Mohammad Hossain Bhuiyan

Subjects
Control and Optimization, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, petrophysical properties, Co2 storage, mechanical properties, lcsh:Technology, shale, 020401 chemical engineering, CO2 storage, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Andre berg- og petroleumsfag: 519 [VDP], 0204 chemical engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), sorption, Petroleum engineering, lcsh:T, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Petrophysics, Reactive fluid, Other subjects within rock and petroleum sciences: 519 [VDP], physico-chemical interaction, Carbon storage, Petrochemical, Pore fluid, CO2 lagring, carbon dioxide (co2), Saturation (chemistry), Oil shale, Geology, chemical properties, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

In carbon storage activities, and in shale oil and gas extraction (SOGE) with carbon dioxide (CO2) as stimulation fluid, CO2 comes into contact with shale rock and its pore fluid. As a reactive fluid, the injected CO2 displays a large potential to modify the shale’s chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, which need to be well studied and documented. The state of the art on shale−CO2 interactions published in several review articles does not exhaust all aspects of these interactions, such as changes in the mechanical, petrophysical, or petrochemical properties of shales. This review paper presents a characterization of shale rocks and reviews their possible interaction mechanisms with different phases of CO2. The effects of these interactions on petrophysical, chemical and mechanical properties are highlighted. In addition, a novel experimental approach is presented, developed and used by our team to investigate mechanical properties by exposing shale to different saturation fluids under controlled temperatures and pressures, without modifying the test exposure conditions prior to mechanical and acoustic measurements. This paper also underlines the major knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to improve the safety and efficiency of SOGE and CO2 storage.

Published
2020
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