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Background: CYP2C19 a metabolizing enzyme and Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are induced in stress conditions, such as hypoxia and ischemia. Recently, polymorphism in the CYP2C19 and HSP genes has been established in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD)., Objective: We investigated the polymorphism of these two genes in Kurdish patients with AERD., Methods: This study involved 306 subjects, referred to the Be'sat hospital in Kurdistan Province, which were divided into three groups, (i) Aspirin Induced Asthma (AIA), (ii) Aspirin Tolerant Asthma (ATA), and (iii) healthy subjects as control. The subjects as control and ATA\AIA groups were verified by the physician. The demographic data of each subject with respect to age, sex, parental education, and residence was collected. Spirometry was performed on subjects and blood samples were collected for serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) estimation and molecular tests. Genotyping was done for CYP2C19 681G>A، CYP2C19 636G>A, and HSPA1B1267A>G by using PCR- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and for HSPA1B-179C>T by High Resolution Melting (HRM)., Results: Demographic statistics were not significantly different between the three groups (p>0.05). Further, genotypes were also not observed to be significantly different in the genes of CYP2C19 681G>A, CYP2C19 636G>A and HSPA1B1267A>G (p>0.05). However, the heterozygote genotype in HSPA1B-179 C>T in AIA group was higher than the control group (p<0.05). Notably, 92.8 % of the subjects showed heterozygote genotype in HSPA1B1267 A>G. In clinical tests, FEV-1, FVC, and asthma severity in the AIA group were higher than control and additionally IgE levels were lower in this group (p<0.05)., Conclusion: The results confirm the association of polymorphism in the HSPA1B-179C>T and HSPA1B1267A>G with AERD in the Kurdish population., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the world is 10-15%, and it is currently the most common chronic disease among children. There is no comprehensive statistics about the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among Iranian children, therefore, this systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the Iranian children., Methods: The present study was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The data was collected using key words including allergic rhinitis, prevalence, epidemiology, child OR children, pediatrics and Iran, in international databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and three national databases including Magiran, Iran Medex, and Scientific Information Databank (SID) till December 2018. The STROBE checklist was used for quality assessment. The data were analyzed using STATA software version 12.1., Results: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents were 18% (99.7% CI: 10-28% with publication bias of 0.174) and 25% (99.8% CI: 17-33 with publication bias of 0.617) respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in males was estimated to be 27% (99.4% CI: 17-36) with publication bias of 0.538 and in females was 23% (99.4% CI: 14-31) with publication bias of 0.926., Conclusion: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is approximately high among Iranian children and adolescents; thus, educational strategies should be considered to decrease the prevalence of this disease in Iran., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)