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Contemporary economic theories, the Keynesian, Austrian or Neoclassic, are characterized by their conceptions of the economic agent. As can be easily shown, the philosophical foundations for these conceptions are contradictory with Social Catholic Teaching (CST). Fundamentally, this is the reason why those theories are unable to judge properly, and in its entirety, the economic judgments of CST. In this paper, we explore the possibility of an alternative economic theory based on an anthropological conception closer to philosophical Thomism. The work of Martin Rhonheimer or Cianfranco Basti can be considered a suitable updating of Thomistic thought that can be used for our purposes of building an alternative conception of the economic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]