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This paper aims to present some reflections on the federal literacy programs developed for young and adult people, in the last fifty years in Brazil, based on a bibliographic and documental research. In order to do so, it presents a brief history of these programs and evidences their main objectives, strategies and problems. In this analysis, it was considered that the educational methodological proposals to this public would be more successful if some ideas of the Paulo Freire were taken in consideration. This study was based on academic works about literacy of young and adult people and about the literacy programs analyzed, as well as some documents and news from government agencies. It concluded that these federal programs have not achieved their goals mostly because there was discontinuity in the educational public policies and lack of effective commitment from many public managers with the literacy of young and adult people. It was also observed that inadequate strategies were adopted, even when the interaction with Freire's ideas was planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]