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Implementation of a five‐input majority gate, full adder, and full subtractor using multiple layers in nanomagnetic logic is proposed. Correct functionality of the designs was verified through the use of a special purpose Verilog library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging field‐coupled nanotechnology that promises to outperform existing CMOS technology. Single‐layer QCA designs of full adder, full subtractor, ripple carry adder, and ripple borrow subtractor is proposed. The proposed designs are improved over both existing single‐layer designs and multilayer designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]