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Beamforming technique can effectively improve the spectrum utilization in the multi‐antenna systems, while the dirty‐paper coding (DPC) technique can reduce the inter‐user interference. In this letter, it is aimed to maximize the weighted sum‐rate under the total power constraint in the multiple‐input‐single‐output (MISO) system with the DPC technique. However, the existing methods of beamforming optimization mainly rely on customized iterative algorithms, which have high computational complexity. To address this issue, the beamforming neural network (BFNNet) is devised by utilizing the deep learning technique and the uplink‐downlink duality and exploring the optimal solution structure, which includes the deep neural network module and the signal processing module. Simulation results show that the BFNNet can achieve near‐optimal solutions and significantly reduce computational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on QMR (quintuple‐mode resonator) loaded with quasi‐lumped elements is proposed for wide stopband application. The method of connecting five folded U‐shaped resonators with rectangular patches to construct a QMR was proposed. By adjusting the relative position of the rectangular patches, the frequency band width of the filter can be freely adjusted. Further, quasi‐lumped elements were loaded to the QMR to generate three transmission zeros to enhance stopband performance. The filter designed in this paper can independently adjust both the stopband and the passband, providing greater design flexibility. The passband of the final filter is 3.18–9.43 GHz, and the FBW (fractional relative bandwidth) is 99%. The out‐of‐band rejection is better than −15 dB in the frequency range of 9.6–28.42 GHz. The measurement results show good performance without any tuning, and are in good agreement with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a guest editorial from the journal "Electronics Letters" that discusses the importance of wideband/multiband millimeter-wave antennas for 5G/6G and radar applications. It highlights the increasing demand for higher data rates and system capacity in wireless systems. The editorial presents 16 research papers accepted for publication in a special issue, covering topics such as millimeter-wave antennas for 5G/6G and radar applications, microwave antennas for 5G/6G and radar applications, measurement methods for millimeter-wave antennas, and decoupling methods and other millimeter-wave components. The papers explore innovative designs and technologies to meet the requirements of these applications. The authors of the papers are researchers and professors from various universities and research institutions. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes a digital delay locked loop (DLL) with a monotonic delay line (DL). This DLL adopts the calibration mode to reduce the non‐monotonic effects for the coarse‐tuning delay line (CTDL) and the fine‐tuning delay line (FTDL). The calibration mode detects the delay time of the delay unit, the timing resolution of CTDL, to adjust the delay range of the FTDL. Thus, the calibration mode can limit the overlap range of the delay time between the CTDL and the FTDL. The proposed DLL was implemented using a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, and the RMS and the peak‐to‐peak jitters of the DLL were 0.21% and 1.72%, respectively, at 560 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a digital clock and data strobe aligner for write calibration of dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The edge recognizer determines the input phase skew between a falling edge of clock and a rising edge of data strobe (DQS) signal to maximize setup and hold margins of DQS and clock synchronization. According to experimental results, the proposed circuit achieves the minimum and maximum output skews are −6.9 ps and 7.5 ps when DQS skews of ±227 ps are applied. The chip has been fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology and the active chip area is 0.091 mm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper‐based uniplanar ultra‐wideband (UWB) frequency‐selective surface (UWB FSS) design was developed to achieve UWB radar signal cut‐off. The proposed structure includes a unit cell combining a square‐loop structure and fan‐blades structure arranged on a 0.2 mm‐thick paper. Resistive ink was used to introduce a resistive element, thereby securing incident angle stability. To verify the performance of the designed structure, a screen‐printing method was used to introduce the conductive patterns and resistive element. The free‐space measurement showed that the vertical incident wave has wideband characteristics of 4.5 to 11.4 GHz at −10 dB blocking, with relatively stable polarisation and incident angle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel three-dimensional (3D) surface texture measure (3DSTM) is presented based on the micro-geometry of paper surfaces to classify different paper substrates. This is useful to automatically determine whether a document is printed on the correct paper substrate to help identify fraud. We use a 4-light source photometric stereo (PS) method to recover the dense 3D geometry of paper surfaces captured using a high-resolution sensing device. We derive a unique 3DSTM for each paper type based on the shape index (SI) map generated from the surface normals of the 3D data. We show that the proposed 3DSTM can robustly and accurately classify paper substrates with different physical properties and different surface textures. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated over a dataset comprising of 21 printed and 22 non-printed paper types and a measure of success over 92% is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of YOLOv9, the latest version of the you only look once (YOLO) series, has led to its widespread adoption across various scenarios. This paper is the first to apply the YOLOv9 algorithm model to the fracture detection task as computer‐assisted diagnosis to help radiologists and surgeons to interpret X‐ray images. Specifically, this paper trained the model on the GRAZPEDWRI‐DX dataset and extended the training set using data augmentation techniques to improve the model performance. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the mAP 50–95 of the current state‐of‐the‐art model, the YOLOv9 model increased the value from 42.16% to 43.73%, with an improvement of 3.7%. The implementation code is publicly available at https://github.com/RuiyangJu/YOLOv9‐Fracture‐Detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radar coincidence imaging (RCI) is a high‐resolution radar imaging mode which constructs a temporal spatial stochastic radiation field (TSSRF) and uses the correlation between reference signal and echoes for imaging. The correlation between the reference matrix and the echoes is the main factor affecting the imaging performance. In fact, radar target characteristics cause fluctuations in the radar cross section and variations in the scattering intensity of each resolution element. The latter degrades the correlation between the reference matrix and the echoes, seriously affecting the image reconstruction. This paper designs the waveform based on image entropy under fixed transmitting and receiving arrays. The targets with fluctuating scattering intensity at each resolution element are statistically modelled. Simulation results show this approach can improve the imaging performance and reduce the energy dissipation degree of the target grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of distributed generation and power electronics technology, DC microgrids have made certain progress with their advantages of simple structure, economic efficiency, and easy control. Considering factors such as the geographical location of some residential areas, microgrids with fuel cells that can operate independently are also receiving increasing attention. In this paper, an online control method named virtual hydrogen consumption is proposed based on an independent DC microgrid which solves the problem of electro‐hydrogen conversion successfully. By solving the overall consumption function, the analytical solution is further obtained to realize the online control. Based on the results of RT‐LAB platform, the proposed method can maintain the output of fuel cell system in its high efficiency range with a lower volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the power source of the engine, the Fuel Pump(FP) plays a vital role in the safe operation of the aircraft. Due to the complexity of the working mechanism of Aviation Fuel Pumps (AFP) and the strong correlation between the components, the assessment model cannot reflect the health state of the FPs better, while the initial parameters in the assessment model will affect the assessment effect of the model. Therefore, this paper proposes a health status assessment model that can fully integrate monitoring data. To improve the accuracy of the model parameters, the Random Forest algorithm is used to give the feature weights to make up for the limitation of relying on expert knowledge, and the model parameters are optimized by the Covariance Matrix Adaptive Evolutionary Strategy algorithm, which achieves an accurate assessment of the state. Finally, the AFP test bed was built and the AFP was tested. Compared with other methods, the accuracy of the proposed method in this question reaches 96%, which is greatly superior to other methods and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. It also provides an outlook on future research directions for health state assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of green and low‐carbon transformation of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks, in order to realize the coordinated development planning of energy and transportation under different peaking capacity requirements, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization model of industrial high‐energy‐consuming parks under green and low‐carbon. Firstly, by studying the energy balance mechanism between industrial load and new energy, an energy topology prior model of energy interaction in the next generation of industrial new energy power grid is constructed. Then, based on the probability characteristics of the equilibrium state of different regions in the high‐energy‐consuming industrial zone, combined with the prior knowledge of industrial load and low‐carbon power system, a collaborative development planning model of high‐energy‐consuming industrial parks is constructed. Finally, the proposed model is simulated. From the simulation results the authors can see the dynamic division model and solution algorithm of energy balance region established in this paper can effectively improve the energy balance ability of power grid, reduce peak shaving demand and use more renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work details manufacturing processes developed to integrate an unpackaged silicon die onto a paper substrate, as part of constructing a hybrid inkjet‐printed paper‐based circuit. This integration between rigid components and flexible substrates is beneficial in low‐cost applications and capitalises on the advantages of both the well‐established integrated circuit technology and the emerging paper‐based electronics platforms. A superglue incline at the chip edge formed a ramp for printing the silver interconnects between the paper‐based circuit and the chip pads. Two printing protocols are compared, the first a single layer using 5 μm drop spacing, and the second using a 35 μm drop spacing for three layers. An unpackaged RFID tag die is successfully integrated and is presented as proof of concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method of actuating liquid metal using capillary action via paper media is presented. This actuation method uses no electrical power and is capable of moving a liquid‐metal slug up to 3 mm/s. A microstrip transmission line switch was fabricated to demonstrate this new actuation method. This switch has >40 dB isolation and <2 dB insertion loss across a 5‐GHz span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A passive, low‐cost, paper‐based intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is designed to reflect a signal in a desired direction to overcome non‐line‐of‐sight scenarios in indoor environments. The IRS is fabricated using conductive silver ink printed on paper with a specific nanoparticle arrangement, yielding a cost‐effective paper‐based IRS that can easily be mass‐produced. Full‐wave numerical simulation results were consistent with measurement results, demonstrating the IRS's ability to reflect incident waves into a desired nonspecular direction based on the inkjet‐printed design and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve real‐time and effective prediction of industrial site risks, this paper proposes an industrial risk prediction framework for multimodal data based on edge computing. First, the authors gather and annotate industrial risk multimodal data that consist of text descriptions, images, and videos. Then, the authors transfer the data to the edge server, and apply deep learning models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), ResNet etc., to extract features and learn representations for text, image, and video data respectively. The authors input the fused feature data into an enhanced long short term memory (LSTM) model and train it on the dataset. Finally, the authors perform the risk prediction based on the collected multimodal data. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper exhibits superior performance, achieving a 1.4% enhancement in predictive accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on micro-fibre of polyvinylidene fluoride (micro-fibre polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)). Flexible nanogenerator was developed by addition nanoparticle composition. This PENG fabricated using micro-fibre PVDF/BaTiO3, which was deposited on paper interdigitate substrate by wire electrode free surface electrospinning method. The device from micro-fibre PVDF performed open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 13 mV and 380 nA recently. The device from composite material addition value of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 528 mV and 661 nA recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on use of inkjet-printed paper-based Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) circuit device for Ultra high frequency (UHF) and microwave antenna applications. Topics discussed include benefit of low-cost applications; information on the fabrication of paper-based RFID tag using a non-planar ramp to connect the inkjet-printed electronic and an unpackaged silicon integrated circuit (IC); and views on the reliability inkjet-printed paper-based RFID tag .

The article highlights the research study related to the analysis of electroluminescence in powder devices with a paper substrate and inclusion of a receptive layer. Topics include the process of electroluminescence (EL) in powder EL devices; the mechanism by which light emission is enhanced was probed by measurements of the frequency dependence of the current, luminance and loss tangent.

This paper presents a design of a gyro‐TWT operating in the large‐orbit electron beam mode, with the aim of reducing the working magnetic field while ensuring operational efficiency. The periodic dielectric‐loaded structure, which has been successfully applied in the development of small‐orbit devices, is adopted as the high‐frequency interaction circuit. This paper conducts a comprehensive study and analysis of this structure and achieves stable operation in the Ka‐band after the optimization of the tube. This tube works at second harmonic of electron frequency in the mode of large‐orbit electron beam. The required magnetic field is only 5100 gauss, which can be generated using electromagnetic coils instead of superconducting magnets. The operational parameters include voltage of 75 kV, current of 9A, and velocity spread of 3.5%. Under these conditions, the device presents stable operation, with −3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz, and maximum output power of 165 kW. This result meets the expected requirements for magnetic field and operational efficiency, thus validating the feasibility of practical fabrication of large‐orbit gyro‐TWT with periodic dielectric‐loaded structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the excellent characteristics of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), it has become an important technical means for land and sea target detection applications worldwide. However, the SAR image imaging process is often accompanied by speckle noise, which affects the accuracy of target detection. For this problem, this paper proposes an SAR image reconstruction model based on image denoising and feature extraction. Given a noisy SAR image, at each pixel of the image, the value of the singularity index of a metric defined by the signal gradient norm density is calculated. Then through a hierarchical decomposition of these singular indices, a set of pixels containing the most informative feature set of the image is extracted, and a denoised image is reconstructed using the extracted features. In comparison to traditional filtering and denoising techniques such as non-local filtering, this algorithm achieves remarkable local filtering and denoising effects while preserving the image's texture information. The denoising performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a series of quantitative indicators and visual comparisons. The results demonstrate that this method effectively reduces background clutter, resulting in a higher contrast between the target and the background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When ground communication infrastructure within a region cannot be used for some reason, deploying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)- mounted base stations is undoubtedly the most effective way to provide communication services. This paper investigates the problem of joint deployment and power allocation of multiple UAVs, where ground terminals (GTs) seek to maximize quality of experience (QoE). In the mixed line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight environment, UAVs need to change position in order to collect channel information until deployment problem is solved. Moreover, only neighboring UAVs communicate with each other, which makes the problem more difficult to solve. In order to solve this problem, game theory is used to model this problem and design a distributed learning algorithm to maximize the QoE of all GTs in the entire system. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed learning algorithm in improving the QoE fairness and achieving the rapid deployment of UAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents experimental verification results for a finite‐sized array of a simple non‐reciprocal metasurface elements. The metasurface elements consists of ferrite loaded metal patches. Experimental results demonstrate nonreciprocity, achieving isolation exceeding 20 dB at 6.4 GHz in a 2×2 array. Additionally, these findings are compared with simulation results for a 4×4 array to validate its practicality in a finite array setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an X‐band quasi Class‐F high power amplifier (HPA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) using DynaFET gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) modelling. To enhance efficiency, a novel quasi Class‐F output matching circuit is proposed. DynaFET modelling for GaN HEMT is utilized for accurate HPA MMIC design. The proposed quasi Class‐F HPA MMIC, fabricated using ETRI's 0.15 µm GaN process, achieves an output power of 43.5∼44.5 dBm with a power‐added efficiency of 36∼40.7% within the 9.1∼10.3 GHz frequency bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, key generation schemes based on the reciprocity of wireless channels have gained widespread attention in the field of wireless physical layer security. However, due to the openness of wireless channels, eavesdroppers may obtain partial legitimate keys by eavesdropping on the wireless channel. To address this issue, this paper proposes a wireless channel coding scheme that induces an "avalanche" of errors for eavesdroppers, which could maximize eavesdropper's bit error rate. The design of this scheme is based on the significant differences between the eavesdropping channel and the legitimate channel, and the average bit key disagreement ratio of the keys generated by the legitimate channel is around 8%. The scheme selects polar codes with strong error correction capabilities and chooses a coding rate matching the error level of the legitimate channel, forcing the eavesdropping channel's error rate into an "avalanche" state, where the error rate approaches 50%. This paper presents the structure of the encoder and determines the coding rate through simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that this scheme can significantly degrade the error rate of the eavesdropping channel while ensuring the prevention of eavesdroppers from obtaining secret information transmitted through the legitimate channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an energy‐efficient digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) switching method with low common‐mode variations for high‐resolution successive approximation register (SAR) analog‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), while enabling to implement resolutions such as 14‐bit as compared to the typical 10‐bit. The proposed switching method enables high resolution by having a nearly constant common‐mode voltage and employing input‐swapping to use the reference voltage (Vref) only in the sampling phase. This method eliminates the need for the third reference voltage during the entire DAC switching steps, which reduces the required number of switches at the bottom plates of the capacitors. The use of lower number of switches not only lowers the DAC control logic complexity, but also results in a faster operation, lower power, and smaller area. When compared to conventional 10‐bit SAR ADCs, the proposed switching method in a 10‐bit implementation reduces the average energy and area by 96.09% and 75%, respectively, while offering high‐resolution implementation options such as 14 bits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research a method involving the use of paper actuation to transport liquid metal Galistan using microfluidics. Topics discussed include a comparison with electrochemical methods, removal of the need for an external power supply, potential application for the transportation method and a switch device designed to have a wide operating bandwidth.

The switching power supply is widely used in the secondary equipment of the power grid. The failure of the switching power supply will cause the protection device to malfunction, leading to a risk of large‐scale power failure. In this paper, a real‐time monitoring method based on only output voltage information is proposed. The experiment shows that this parameter‐reduced approach, relying only on voltage information, outperforms the existing method in detection accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a quasi‐optical resonator with new coupling method and parasitic‐mode‐suppressing in 110–170 GHz is proposed. The coupling of terahertz (THz) quasi‐optical resonator in this paper is realized by PCB substrate processing and pressurized flange. At the same time, the parasitic mode is effectively suppressed by slitting the plane mirror to reduce the influence on the main mode during the test. And the fused quartz sample was tested to verify the feasibility of the system for complex dielectric testing of materials in 110–170 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a 2‐bit digital reflection‐type phase shifter (RTPS) working at 120 GHz is presented. It uses a compact coupled‐lines coupler with low insertion loss and high isolation over a wide bandwidth. The loads are made by a microstrip‐line loaded by three PN jonction separated by an intermediate region I (PIN) diodes whose states are tuned ON/OFF to obtain 90°, 180° and 270° phase shift relative to the reference (0°). Measurement results show root mean square (RMS) phase and amplitude error equal to 10.3° and 1.2 dB, respectively. The maximum insertion loss is equal to 8.6 dB, leading to a figure of merit of 31°/dB. As shown by simulation, by flipping PIN diodes and using negative voltage for biasing, the maximum insertion loss could be reduced to 3.6 dB (figure of merit of 75°/dB) along with a great improvement in RMS phase and amplitude errors, thus showing the potential of the proposed architecture.In this paper, a 2‐bit digital reflection‐type phase shifter working at 120 GHz is presented. It uses a compact coupled‐lines coupler with low insertion loss and high isolation over a wide bandwidth. The loads are made by a microstrip‐line loaded by three PN jonction separated by an intermediate region I (PIN) diodes whose states are tuned ON/OFF to obtain 90°, 180° and 270° phase shift relative to the reference (0°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the humanoid robots, waist mechanism is an important structure to realize the whole body coordinated movement. This paper proposes a series–parallel mechanism of waist structure, and its kinematics and dynamics characteristics are studied. Based on the dynamic model, a backstepping sliding mode controller is designed to simulate control performance. Under the continuous disturbance force, the stability and accuracy of the mechanism are verified. Compared with the experiment, the results prove that the waist mechanism has the biomimetic spine movements and desired control performance, which can be applied to life support robots in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐phase ac choppers feature output voltage amplitude controllability and enable more compact system realizations compared to autotransformers. For the practical realization advantageously standard power transistor with unipolar voltage blocking capability such as MOSFETs can be employed as a naturally resulting offset voltage between the grid and the input‐stage starpoint ensures purely positive power transistor voltages. This offset voltage is, however, not strictly defined and may drift to higher voltage values, resulting in high power transistor voltage stresses and finally a potential overvoltage breakdown. Traditionally, the offset voltage drift is prevented by introducing discharge resistors across the input‐stage capacitors which, however, results in substantial ohmic losses. This paper analyzes the offset voltage formation in ac choppers and proposes a novel clamping modulation scheme which ensures a strictly defined and minimum time‐varying offset voltage without need for discharge resistors. Theoretical analyses and circuit simulations are finally experimentally verified with a 400 V (rms, line‐to‐line) 50 Hz grid connected three‐phase buck‐boost ac chopper with 3 kW rated power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, deep learning‐based stereo matching has achieved great success. However, models trained on the source domain dataset encounter substantial performance degradation when directly tested on an unseen target domain dataset because of neglecting the generalization to out‐of‐distribution (OOD) stereo samples. This paper proposes a stereo sample generation‐based domain generalization network (SGDG‐Net) for stereo matching. Specifically, to expand the distribution span of training samples, OOD stereo samples are generated to assist training. To effectively generate OOD left samples, a style transfer‐based generation mechanism is proposed to transmit perturbations to the source left samples. In addition, to generate the OOD right samples, a disparity‐assisted generation strategy is proposed by using disparity map labels as auxiliary information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SGDG‐Net produces remarkable results on four benchmark datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) need to process data streams in high‐speed sensor data acquisition or high‐speed wireless communications. To process the data can require more computing and communication resources, resulting in higher power consumption. Halved‐Phase Only Multiple Input Multiple Output (HPO‐MIMO) communication technology can solve this problem by using low‐power nonlinear detection devices. In ISAC, Channel Estimation (CE) technology can provide key channel characteristics and state information for sensing and collaborative work of perception and communication tasks. However, HPO‐MIMO system cannot realize CE using traditional receiver schemes because of the missing amplitude. In order to solve this problem, two HPO‐MIMO CE schemes based on model‐driven deep learning are proposed in this paper. The proposed schemes include a Densely Residual Network (DRN) and a Inception‐Resnet (IR), which is suitable for the case of sufficient data and insufficient data, respectively. The simulation results show that the performance of DRN based scheme is better than that of IR based scheme when the data amount is sufficient, and the performance of IR based scheme is better when the dataset is small. In addition, the proposed CE schemes work well with a range of antenna sizes and distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the design of transmit beamforming in an integrated sensing and communication system, where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) transmits combined information‐carrying and dedicated sensing signals to perform multi‐user communication and simultaneously sense potential targets. First, the transmit beamforming design is formulated as a series of non‐convex optimisation problems, and then jointly design the information and sensing beamforming to maximise the minimum communication rate under an optimised UAV deployment location, subject to the sensing beampattern gain requirements and the limited transmit power of the UAV. However, due to the application of ULA on the UAV, the formulated problems are highly non‐convex and difficult to solve optimally. To address the aforementioned issue, an efficient algorithm is proposed to find suboptimal yet high‐quality solutions. This is achieved by adopting the successive convex approximation and semidefinite relaxation. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that the transmit beamforming design achieves a balance between communication and sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the speed of mass transfer, a magnetic suspension platform (MSP) is used to transport the display chips. A novel 6‐DOF MSP is proposed in this paper. An improved Halbach array is used to supply the magnetic flux density. Two types of permanent magnets are utilised in the improved Halbach array. The smaller permanent magnet serves to consolidate the magnetic flux density, thereby enhancing the uniformity of the magnetic field. The finite element method is employed to analyse how variations in angle impact both the strength and uniformity of the magnetic flux density. The results show that the magnetisation direction of 45° is the most effective in terms of improving the uniformity and strength of the magnetic density. Finally, a 6‐DOF MSP prototype is manufactured. A magnetic density measurement experiment and a stable suspension experiment for the actuator are conducted. The results indicate an enhancement in the uniformity of the magnetic field within the air gap. Additionally, the maximum suspension positioning accuracy of the actuator is about 750 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind power systems (WPs) are complex non‐linear systems with varying parameters affected by environmental changes, including wind speed fluctuations. Extracting maximum power from WPs poses a significant challenge due to these factors. Direct power control (DPC) is a highly effective technique known for its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, it suffers from power ripples caused by the use of hysteresis comparators and switching tables that operate at variable frequencies. To address this issue, this paper presents the robust neural controller (NC) based on DPC, which replaces the switching tables. The Double‐Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the chosen generator for the studied WP system due to its advantageous features. The NC‐DPC effectively regulates the exchange of active and reactive powers between the DFIG and the system, maximizing power extraction from the WP system while reducing Total Harmonic Distortion and enhancing overall system quality. The effectiveness of the NC‐DPC is evaluated through MATLAB simulations and further supported by experimental data obtained using the Real‐Time Interface of the dSPACE‐DS1104 Controller card. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occluded person re‐identification (Re‐ID) is to identify a particular person when the person's body parts are occluded. However, challenges remain in enhancing effective information representation and suppressing background clutter when considering occlusion scenes. This paper proposes a novel attention map‐driven network (AMD‐Net) for occluded person Re‐ID. In AMD‐Net, human parsing labels are introduced to supervise the generation of partial attention maps, while a spatial‐frequency interaction module is suggested to complement the higher‐order semantic information from the frequency domain. Furthermore, a Taylor‐inspired feature filter for mitigating background disturbance and extracting fine‐grained features is proposed. Moreover, a part‐soft triplet loss, which is robust to non‐discriminative body partial features is also designed. Experimental results on Occluded‐Duke, Occluded‐Reid, Market‐1501, and Duke‐MTMC datasets show that this method outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. The code is available at: https://github.com/ISCLab‐Bistu/SA‐ReID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of vision‐based autonomous driving and mobile robots, the impact of frequent sand‐dust weather on computer vision applications in landlocked countries during spring and autumn has also attracted more and more attention. Although there has been a lot of research on sand‐dust image enhancement, no research has been conducted on how to improve the positioning accuracy of vision‐based autonomous driving or mobile robots in sand‐dust environments, especially because there is currently a lack of dataset to evaluate visual positioning in sand‐dust weather. Therefore, a complete set of visual positioning dataset construction methods in sand‐dust weather is proposed to fill the gap in the evaluation dataset of application fields such as autonomous driving or mobile robot attitude estimation in sand‐dust weather. At the same time, this method is also suitable for the construction of visual positioning dataset under haze and other similar weather. In addition, this paper further demonstrates to readers how to use the converted dust visual positioning dataset to conduct positioning evaluation experiment of automatic driving in sand‐dust weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although radar sensors have been known for their robustness in challenging environmental conditions, they face difficulties in distinguishing between upper structure (US), such as road signs, traffic lights, overpasses, and pedestrian bridges, and forward vehicle (FV). This misclassification can lead to false alarms and unwanted braking events. In this paper, the authors propose a method distinguishing between US and FV at different distances based on change in radar cross section (RCS). The study collects real‐world RCS data from various objects identified as US and FV during road driving scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A partial energy current‐sharing method for an interleaved LLC resonant converter with a phase shift current balance module (CBM) is presented in this paper. The current sharing is achieved by controlling the phase shift angle of the bridge in the CBM. The proposed method maintains excellent soft‐switching performance, minimizes power losses, and ensures high overall efficiency as only partial energy is processed. This method simplifies current sharing in the resonant converter by using phase shift control, making it easy to implement and extend to multiple phases. A 500‐kHz two‐phase interleaved LLC prototype was built to validate the effectiveness of this method in achieving current balancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a high‐precision, low‐power delta‐sigma modulator (DSM) designed for healthcare and medical diagnostics. It utilizes a hybrid switching integrator to reduce distortion caused by the non‐linear on‐resistance of switches at a low supply voltage. Leveraging the characteristics of the hybrid switching integrator, a non‐50% duty cycle sampling timing and a corresponding tunable Miller‐compensated operational transconductance amplifier are proposed to reduce resistor thermal noise and meet lower power consumption requirements. The DSM is simulated based on 130‐nm CMOS technology and achieves 93.5‐dB signal‐to‐noise‐plus‐distortion ratio at a 1‐kHz bandwidth while consuming 23.7 µW from a 1.5‐V supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampling is a crucial concern for outdoor light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud registration due to the large amounts of point cloud. Numerous algorithms have been devised to tackle this issue by selecting key points. However, these approaches often necessitate extensive computations, giving rise to challenges related to computational time and complexity. This letter proposes a multi‐domain uniform sampling method (MDU‐sampling) for large‐scale outdoor LiDAR point cloud registration. The feature extraction based on deep learning aggregates information from the neighbourhood, so there is redundancy between adjacent features. The sampling method in this paper is carried out in the spatial and feature domains. First, uniform sampling is executed in the spatial domain, maintaining local point cloud uniformity. This is believed to preserve more potential point correspondences and is beneficial for subsequent neighbourhood information aggregation and feature sampling. Subsequently, a secondary sampling in the feature domain is performed to reduce redundancy among the features of neighbouring points. Notably, only points on the same ring in LiDAR data are considered as neighbouring points, eliminating the need for additional neighbouring point search and thereby speeding up processing rates. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach enhances accuracy and robustness compared with benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a modification to Tanner's work for constructing girth‐8 quasi‐cyclic low‐density parity‐check codes. The main contribution of this paper is to use an arithmetic sequence at the leftmost column for the exponent matrix so that the lifting size is not necessarily restricted to the prime numbers. Two theorems on the lifting sizes that achieve girth at least 8 using this approach is also provided. This construction exhibits better frame error rate results to the modified 5G new radio (NR) low‐density parity‐check codes for lengths around 500. Also, this construction achieves better frame error rate performance results than the recently proposed one using the Golomb rulers at around frame error rate of 10−6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a critical cybersecurity task that involves monitoring network traffic for malicious activity and taking appropriate action to stop it. However, insufficient training data or improperly chosen thresholds often limit the accuracy of such systems, resulting in high false‐positive rates. To improve the accuracy of an IDS, blockchain technology can be used as it provides a secure, decentralized, immutable ledger that can track suspicious activity over time and also identify intrusions globally. In this paper, the authors propose a novel methodology to improve the accuracy of blockchain‐based IDS. The approach combines different intrusion detection algorithms using a blockchain‐integrated architecture. It is based on the fusion principle and weighted votes, which the authors used to determine their results. The authors tested the system on DARPA 99 and MIT‐Lincoln Labs datasets using accuracy and false‐positive rate as their two metrics. The system achieved 92.6% accuracy and 7.4% false‐positive rates, indicating that the proposed system significantly increases the accuracy while reducing the false‐positive rate, opening up new opportunities for the development of highly accurate networks. In this paper, the authors propose a novel methodology to improve the accuracy of blockchain‐based intrusion detection and prevention systems, which is based on combining different intrusion detection algorithms and using a blockchain‐integrated architecture. The authors tested the system on DARPA 99 and MIT‐Lincoln Labs datasets using accuracy and false‐positive rate as their two metrics. The system achieved 92.6% accuracy and 7.4% false‐positive rate, indicating that the proposed system significantly increases the accuracy while reducing the false‐positive rate, opening up new opportunities for the development of highly accurate networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a background calibration scheme for the pipelined‐Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog‐to‐Digital Converter (ADC) based on the neural network. Due to the non‐linear function fitting capability of the neural network, the linearity of the ADC is improved effectively. However, the hardware complexity of the neural network limits its application and promotion in ADC calibration. Hence, this paper also presents the optimization schemes, including the neuron‐based sharing neural network and the partially binarized with fixed neural network, in terms of calibration architecture and algorithm. A 60 MS/s 14‐bit pipelined‐SAR ADC prototyped in 28‐nm technology is utilized to verify the feasibility of the proposed calibration method. The measurement results show that the proposed calibration greatly enhances the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and Signal‐to‐Noise‐and‐Distortion Ratio (SNDR) from low frequency to Nyquist frequency. Meanwhile, the original calibrator and improved calibrator are synthesized in Synopsys Design Compiler to compare their hardware complexity. Compared with the unoptimized version, the optimized schemes can decrease the logic area and the network weights up to 76% and 52%, with negligible loss in calibration performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]