Search

A panel of 25 nutmeg genotypes were evaluated at the Horticulture Research Station, Pechiparai, Kanyakumari district from 2019 to 2022 for the pattern of genetic divergence and relationship among them based on seven morphological traits by cluster and path analysis. Notable difference was observed for yield characteristics of genotypes, in which the genotype MF-4 was observed to record high plant height, stem girth, leaf length and fruit production. Genetic variability analysis revealed that traits such as stem girth, number of fruits and mace yield/tree were found to possess high genotypic coefficient of variation along with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean which implied that these traits had higher variability among the studied genotypes. The 25 genotypes were grouped in to four clusters based on cluster analysis. Path analysis revealed that traits such as number of fruits, single fruit weight and plant height had a favourable direct impact on the mace yield. These traits might be used as selection indicators in future breeding programmes.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relationship between specific quantitative characters and sugarcane yield at the Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, in February 2022. Thirty sugarcane seedlings obtained from three different crosses along with check were subjected to estimation trait association by correlation and path analyses. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with single cane weight, number of millable canes per clump and brix percent at 12th month. There was also positive significant correlation of number of shoots per clump with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of brix percent at 12th month on cane yield followed by brix percent at 10th month and cane diameter. However, number of shoots per clump had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight and number of millable canes per clump on cane yield. The traits that provide considerable positive correlation and positive direct effects to cane yield could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in for further clonal generations.

Character association and genetic diversity analyses were performed in the present study for the morphological and yield traits of Nerium oleander L. accessions to find out the major contributing traits towards flower yield. A panel of 20 diverse nerium accessions were evaluated at the Floriculture Research Station, Thovalai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu during 2018 to 2022. Correlation analysis revealed that number of flowers per spikes had highly significant and positive correlation with flower yield. From the path analysis, the number of flowers per spike, days for bud initiation, flower weight, plant height and number of shoots/plants were identified to have high positive direct effect on flower yield. Clustering of nerium germplasm, revealed two distinct groups. Cluster I, comprising NI-1 to NI-19, suggested shared genetic traits among them, while Cluster II, represented by NI-20, showcases unique attributes. High inter-cluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II suggested that the genotypes in these clusters had a significant degree of genetic diversity between them and that crossings between the genotypes in the cluster I with NI-20 would produce desirable transgressive segregants.

The present investigation comprising 36 diverse cauliflower genotypes along with three checks were raised during winter season of 2021-22 to study genetic variability, association between different characters, and direct and indirect effects of component traits to formulate selection criteria for utilization in crop improvement programme. The analysis of variance indicated exitance of sufficient genetic variability for all morphological and yield traits taken for the study. High PCV and GCV were reported for marketable curd weight, net curd weight and stalk length. Similarly, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for gross plant weight, marketable curd weight and curd solidity which indicates that these traits can be easily improved through simple selection. Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that gross plant weight, net curd weight, curd size index, curd solidity, plant frame and stalk length could be considered as the best selection parameters for evolving high yielding cauliflower genotypes.

An Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (EWYT) was conducted with 50 diverse genotypes of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and analyzed by multivariate analysis during 2018-19 rabi season. Correlation analysis revealed positive association of plant height, grains per spike, spike length, test weight and biomass with grain yield. Path analysis revealed the highest direct effect on grain yield/metre by biomass/metre (1.508) which was also positively associated with grain yield/metre (0.833). PCA analysis showed 11 principal components out of which five principal components (PC1 to PC5) exhibited eigen value greater than one. The correlation between AUDPC and physiological characters indicated that chlorophyll loss was associated with high spot blotch disease incidence at later stages of crop growth.

The study involved assessment of genetic variability and trait association of seed yield and its component traits in 20 EMS-derived stable mutant lines of black aromatic rice. The traits grain yield / plant, harvest index, effective tillers and biological yield/ plant recorded maximum GCV and PCV. Heritability estimates ranged from 67 percent for total number of tillers/ plant to 99 percent for days to 50 percent flowering. The trait grain yield per plant revealed high heritability (>80%) coupled with high advance in genetics (>50%). The traits fertile spikelets per panicle, effective tillers/ plant, biological yield, panicle length, and plant height were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield. The path analysis revealed maximum positive direct effects of fertile spikelets per panicle, harvest index, biological yield, grain length and effective tillers on grain yield indicating the selection of these traits for efficient crop improvement.

Twenty-eight diverse mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes were assessed for genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, trait association and genetic diversity based on 14 yield and its attributing traits during the Rabi 2023 at the Post Graduate Research Farm, School of Agriculture, LPU, Punjab. The study revelled significant differences among the mustard genotypes both in their genotypic and phenotypic level. Significant differences were observed in traits such as number of siliquae per plant, number of siliquae on the main stem, and seed yield per plant. Moreover, it is noteworthy to emphasize that a pronounced degree of heritability was founded for all traits except for days to maturity. Significant genetic advancements expressed as a percentage mean was observed for all attributes examined, except for days 50% flowering and maturity. Seed yield per individual plant manifested a substantial and positive genotypic correlation with the number of secondary branches per plant, 1000-seed weight, biological yield per individual plant, and the harvest index. Path analysis further elucidated that biological yield per individual plant and the harvest index exerted the most substantial positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. Based on these findings, the study suggests that choosing mustard genotypes based on these particular traits could lead to a more effective strategy for increasing overall yield. Additionally, genotypes grouped into distinct clusters with higher average values for seed yield and other essential characteristics present an attractive opportunity for inclusion in hybridization efforts aimed at producing superior offspring.

The present research was conducted to examine different parameters of variability, correlations, and path coefficients associated with yield and yield-related traits in aerobic rice. The analysis of variance indicated noteworthy variations among the genotypes for all the traits investigated. Among them, flag leaf area and alkali spreading value showed high PCV and GCV. Except for days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, and amylose content, the remaining traits demonstrated substantial heritability combined with high genetic advance as percentage of mean. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive association between grain yield per plant and several traits, namely effective tillers per plant, test weight, chlorophyll content, and length breadth ratio. Traits such as test weight, effective tillers per plant, and flag leaf area showed a positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. Therefore, it is crucial to give priority to traits that exhibit significant positive correlations and substantial direct effects during selection process. This approach will yield rewarding results in the development of high-yielding cultivars suitable for aerobic conditions.

A set of thirty genotypes of little millet were studied using thirteen morphological traits to assess genetic variability, character association and their effects on grain yield during Kharif 2022 at Centurion University, Paralakhemundi, Odisha in a randomized block design with three replications. Analysis of variation revealed significant (p≤0.01) variation in the studied genotypes for all the traits recorded. The characters viz., number of productive tillers, test weight and grain yield had high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) whereas characters viz., number of productive tillers, number of braches per panicle, culm length, culm diameter, test weight and grain yield had high genetic advance coupled with high heritability. Most of the traits except days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and flag leaf length showed strong significant (p≤0.01) positive associations with grain yield at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The traits such as plant height, number of productive tillers, culm length, test weight, flag leaf length and breadth recorded positive direct effect on grain yield that indicates direct improvement of these traits could be beneficial for the improvement of little millet cultivars with higher grain yield.

To understand the utility of genotypes in the breeding program in mid-hill environments of the north-western Himalayas of India, apple cultivars were studied during 2019 and 2020 to discover inter-relationships of variables as well as to study genetic variation across yield attribution traits. For fruit set, fruit drop and fruit volume, high heritability and moderate genetic gain was observed. Substantial correlation between fruit yield per plant and pruning weight, tree volume, tree spread and TSS was observed. However, the increments in tree height and trunk girth were strongly and adversely linked with fruit yield per plant. Thus the traits tree spread, tree volume and flowering length may be used as selection indicators for increased production with high-quality apple cultivars.

A study was carried out to assess character association and genetic diversity among green gram genotypes. The results of correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation for the traits viz., plant height, number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, pod length, and number of seeds per pod with single plant yield. The path analysis revealed that the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and hundred seed weight had the highest positive direct contribution to single plant yield. Pod length showed a low indirect contribution to the total variance and all other traits showed a negative contribution to total variance.

An experiment was carried out during Kharif 2020 at wetland farm of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati using 30 inbred lines of maize to assess the trait association for 16 yield and yield attributes. It revealed that ear length, number of kernels per row, plant height, ear girth, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, 100 kernel weight, number of kernel rows per ear, specific leaf area, harvest index and tassel length had notable positive correlation with kernel yield per plant suggesting that selecting these characters simultaneously lead to an increase in kernel yield per plant. Path analysis revealed a significant and positive direct influence of ear length on the kernel yield per plant. Hence, ear length could be considered during selection in maize for improving kernel yield.

Sixty different varieties of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) were evaluated for character association. The findings showed that the genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient for most traits. Strong positive correlation was observed between the number of fruits per plant, branches per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Positive correlation was observed between moisture content and fruit characteristics, such as fruit volume and average fruit weight. The path coefficient analysis revealed that high positive direct effect on fruit yield was exerted by fruits per plant, followed by moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourty-eight ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] genotypes were studied for the genetic variability, heritability and trait association during 2018-19 based on 13 yield and quality traits. For all the 13 characters studied, highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were observed. Parameters such as withanolides, dry root yield per plant and crude fibre recorded higher estimates for GCV and PCV. High broad sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded for number of primary and secondary branches, number of berries, root length, number of secondary roots, fresh and dry root yield, starch, crude fibre and withanolides. These proved to be promising traits that would respond to selection of better genotypes owing to their high transmissibility and genetic variability. Character association study indicated that dry root yield had positive and significant association with the number of primary and secondary roots, fresh root yield and withanolides at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that number of secondary roots and withanolides were major traits having high positive, direct effect and significant association with dry root yield. Hence, these traits would be quite effective when selected to improve dry root yield in ashwagandha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken in 110 mung bean genotypes in alpha lattice design in two replications to estimate the correlation coefficients, direct and indirect effects of various yield contributing traits on grain yield for 18 quantitative traits and nine screening traits against bruchids. The correlation coefficient analysis revealed that single plant yield showed high significant positive correlation with number of pods per plant, followed by number of clusters per plant and hundred seed weight. Path analysis showed that days to 50 per cent flowering and number of pods per plant showed high positive direct effect on single plant yield. The bruchid bioassay resulted in the identification of 12 genotypes with complete resistance to bruchids and all the characters showed high significant positive correlation with each other except for number of eggs laid. Hence, the resistant genotypes identified in this study can be used in resistance breeding programme for bruchids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability and association studies for oil yield and its component traits were investigated in BC3F1 population of a cross between IR6 (recurrent parent with low oleic acid content) and HO5-29 (donor parent with high oleic acid content). Among 12 traits studied, volume weight (g/100 ml), head diameter (cm), oil yield per plant (%), seed yield per plant (g), oleic acid (%), linoleic acid (%), palmitic acid (%), and stearic acid (%) displayed high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation along with moderate or high heritability and genetic advance as a percent of mean. This suggests that these traits are mainly under the control of additive gene action. Hence, selection based on these characters could significantly improve these traits in this population. The traits such as days to flowering, 100- seed weight (g), and stearic acid (%) have shown a platykurtic distribution which represents that these characters are amenable for selection towards further improvement. Correlation analysis showed that positive correlation between oil yield per plant and all traits, except with days to flowering. Path analysis on seed yield indicated that head diameter alone had a high positive direct effect and other traits had low direct effects. Hence, selection for head diameter can improve the seed yield in sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was carried out to understand the genetic variability and trait association in a set of 30 naturally coloured cotton hybrids along with their parents (five colour cotton and six white cotton parents). The Analysis of Variance revealed the significance of the mean square for most of the traits studied. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was more than that of the genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits. High PCV and GCV were recorded for the traits number of monopodia and single plant yield. The heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were high for the traits plant height, number of monopodia, number of bolls per plant, single boll weight, bundle strength, fibre fineness and single plant yield. The Number of sympodia, number of bolls per plant and boll weight were observed to have significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation with single plant yield, while upper half mean length was observed to have significant genotypic and phenotypic correlation with bundle strength and fibreelongation. Path analysis revealed that seed index and ginning out turn recorded very high direct effect with single plant yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]