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Sixty different varieties of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) were evaluated for character association. The findings showed that the genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient for most traits. Strong positive correlation was observed between the number of fruits per plant, branches per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Positive correlation was observed between moisture content and fruit characteristics, such as fruit volume and average fruit weight. The path coefficient analysis revealed that high positive direct effect on fruit yield was exerted by fruits per plant, followed by moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumin is an important spice that has been used for centuries in various cuisines around the world. Two cumin varieties (GC 3 and GC 4) were subjected to mutation to understand macromutational modifications. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) @ 0.6% and gamma rays (190 Gy) significantly reduced germination and plant survival percentage as compared to 0.2% EMS and 130 Gy. Physical mutagens showed higher plant suravival than chemical mutagens. However, chemical mutagen treated plants showed more sterility than physical mutagens. Chlorophyll mutations were confined to rare albinos and small number of xanthas in the M2 generation. Morphological changes viz., miniature, loosly branched and thick stem were effective with seed treatment of 0.4% EMS for GC 3 and with 0.6% EMS for GC 4. The estimates of mutagenic efficiency varied with 0.6% EMS and 160 Gy for GC 3, while it varied with 0.6% EMS and 190 Gy for GC 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty five inter specific hybrids between tetraploid species, G. hirsutum x G. barbadense derived involving nine diverse female parents of G.hirsutum and five pollen parents of G.barbadense were evaluated to study heterosis and combining ability for seed cotton yield and other characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of monopodia/plant, number of sympodia/plant, seed index, lint index and oil content. The hybrid G. 67 x GSB 19 exhibited positively significant standard heterosis for seed cotton yield/plant, seed and lint index. Combining ability analysis suggested preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters under study except for days to 50% flowering. The female parent,G. 67 and male parent GSB 19 depicted positive significant gca effects for seed cotton yield/plant, seed and lint index; while, hybrid G. 247 x Suvin had significant positive sca effects for seed cotton yield/plant, number of monopodia/plant, number of sympodia/plant and oil content.

The nature and magnitude of gene action was estimated for seed cotton yield and its attributing characters in four intra hirsutum crosses of cotton. The magnitude of dominance effect was higher for number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield in almost all the characters. Epistasis components additive x additive (i) and dominance x dominance (l) were involved in the expression of number of monopodia per plant and seed cotton yield. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for most of the character in most of the crosses. The magnitude of heterobeltiosis was high for number of monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield in most of the crosses. Either low or moderate inbreeding depression in both directions was found for most of the traits.

Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis was studied for rhizome yield and its component characters in 30 diverse genotype of turmeric. The analysis of variance revealed the significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes for various traits. On the basis of the performance the accessions NVST 6, NVST 43, NVST 27, NVST 26 and Sugandhum found promising in rhizome yield. The high GCV and PCV were observed for weight of secondary rhizome per plant, weight of mother rhizome per plant, weight of primary rhizome per plant, dry rhizome yield per plant and initial weight of rhizome, Whereas, plant height, leaf width, leaf length and curcumin content showed low GCV and PCV. The high heritability combined with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for days to maturity and wet rhizome yield per plant indicated that selection may be effective for this character. The characters like weight of mother rhizomes per plant, weight of primary rhizomes per plant and weight of secondary rhizomes per plant showed significant positive correlation with wet rhizome yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels whereas leaf width and number of primary rhizome per plant had positive and significant correlation at genotypic level indicating that these three traits were main yield attributing traits. The path analysis indicated that weight of secondary rhizomes, weight of mother rhizomes, number of leaves per plant and plant height had maximum direct effect on rhizome yield. These characters should be used as selection criterion for further improvement of rhizome yield in turmeric

Genetics and crop improvement aspects of medicinal plants in Ashwagandha should be taken consideration to meet the accelerating pharmaceutical demands. For a better understanding of the genetic basis of root yield and related traits, a 9 × 9 diallel analysis excluding the reciprocals was carried out using SKA 27, SKA 11, SKA 6, SKA 24, SKA 10, SKA 26, JA 20, JA 134 and AWS 1 as parents. The s2gca/s2sca denotes that the majority of the traits considered except plant height and the number of secondary branches were governed by non-additive gene action. The fresh root yield was governed by almost equal proportions of additive and non-additive gene actions with a slight increment in additive proportion. Even though none of the parents was a good general combiner for all the traits considered, SKA 27 and SKA 11 appeared to be the best general combiners for root traits. The crosses JA 20 × AWS 1, SKA 24 × SKA 26 and JA 134 ×AWS 1 were found to be appropriate for the heterosis breeding on the basis of the estimates of SCA effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forty five inter specific hybrids between tetraploid species, G. hirsutum x G. barbadense derived involving nine diverse female parents of G.hirsutum and five pollen parents of G.barbadense were evaluated to study heterosis and combining ability for seed cotton yield and other characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of monopodia/plant, number of sympodia/plant, seed index, lint index and oil content. The hybrid G. 67 x GSB 19 exhibited positively significant standard heterosis for seed cotton yield/plant, seed and lint index. Combining ability analysis suggested preponderance of nonadditive gene action for all the characters under study except for days to 50% flowering. The female parent,G. 67 and male parent GSB 19 depicted positive significant gca effects for seed cotton yield/plant, seed and lint index; while, hybrid G. 247 x Suvin had significant positive sca effects for seed cotton yield/plant, number of monopodia/plant, number of sympodia/plant and oil content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A line x tester analysis was undertaken to estimates the magnitude of heterosis and dominance deviation in Gossypium hirsutum L. for yield, its components and other matricate characters in 60 test entries including (44 F1s along with 15 parents and 1 standard check hybrid). Analysis of variance indicated the significant difference among the parents and hybrids for all 12 characters studied which revealed existence of variability among the genotypes. Studies revealed that out of 44 cross combinations, only 3 hybrids viz., BC-68-2 x MCU 11, BC-68-2 x AC 738 and BN 1 x Reba-B-50 depicted significant and positive heterosis over standard check hybrid G. Cot. Hy. 12. The hybrid BC-68-2 x MCU 11 exhibited significant positive standard heterosis for seed cotton yield per plant and other attributing characters i.e. total number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, lint yield per plant and lint index. The mean values of potence ratio in all twelve characters suggested that degree of dominance was governed by over dominance genes for the expression of all the characters under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature and magnitude of gene action was estimated for seed cotton yield and its attributing characters in four intra hirsutum crosses of cotton. The magnitude of dominance effect was higher for number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield in almost all the characters. Epistasis components additive x additive (i) and dominance x dominance (l) were involved in the expression of number of monopodia per plant and seed cotton yield. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed for most of the character in most of the crosses. The magnitude of heterobeltiosis was high for number of monopodia per plant, number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield in most of the crosses. Either low or moderate inbreeding depression in both directions was found for most of the traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]