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• A smartphone-interfaced flow injection sensing system was developed. • An electrode was modified with Pd-PANI/Carbon microspheres@carbon nanotubes. • Sensitive determination of glucose was achieved in real human serum samples. Integrating a flow injection system with an electrochemical sensor controlled by a smartphone enables rapid, precise real-time monitoring and reduces analyte consumption, contamination and costs. An enzyme-free electrochemical sensor is presented for the monitoring of glucose, an important indicator of diabetes. The sensor integrates a smartphone and a flow injection amperometric system. The flow cell is fabricated from acrylic plastic and includes an electrochemical three-electrode cell that comprises a working electrode modified with a catalyst of palladium-polyaniline/carbon microspheres@carbon nanotubes (Pd-PANI/CM@CNTs/E) for the detection of glucose oxidation. In the optimal condition, the proposed system produced good analytical performances. The sensor determined glucose linearly in a range from 0.020 to 100 mM, with a sensitivity of 51.51 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.0071 mM. The developed system also exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, operational stability, and anti-interference properties, and accurately determined glucose levels in real human serum samples. This sensing platform provides an alternative tool for the development of a continuous glucose monitor system for clinical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for diabetics, both for adjusting medication or insulin doses and for preventing complications like blindness, nerve damage, heart disease, and kidney failure. This paper presents a novel smartphone-based electrochemical-colorimetric dual-mode detecting system for detecting glucose at low concentrations. This system utilizes a smartphone as a mobile terminal to control the electrochemical circuit board and enable data analysis. The circuit board integrates cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, providing a low-cost and palm-sized solution for glucose detection. Additionally, digital image colorimetry is employed to enable efficient and accurate colorimetric detection. The use of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase (GOx/HRP) in combination with 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS substrates facilitates glucose dual-mode quantitative analysis in a-coreaction system. The electrochemical and colorimetric methods exhibit limits of detection of 0.467 µM and 10 µM, respectively. This system shows a point-of-care testing (POCT) potential for reliable and convenient monitoring of blood glucose levels, particularly for individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]