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Se muestran los sistemas de información geográfica (Geographic Information Systems, GIS) como tecnología de soporte a la toma de decisiones en bibliotecas y unidades de información. Se presenta el concepto de GIS y sus sinergias con las unidades de información a partir de la revisión de diferentes proyectos que los utilizan en bibliotecas. Finalmente se apuntan diferentes contextos relacionados con unidades de información en los que se pueden aplicar GIS para la mejora de servicios y productos por parte de profesionales de la información. The aim of the paper is to serve as a gateway to the world of geographic information systems (GIS), seen as technologies to support decision-making services in libraries and information units. Through the review of various projects that make use of GIS technologies in libraries, the concept of GIS and its synergies with information units is introduced. Finally, the paper points out different contexts and situations, in relation to information units, in which GIS could be used to improve services and products by information professionals.

The Internet, the new mobile devices and cloud storage are changing the way in which people deal with information; we still need great storage capacity and information readers but we also value ubiquity and data synchronization between the different devices that we are using. Access has become more important than storage. The web as a tool is leading to the obsolescence of digital media that are just 20 years old and boosts the multimedia possibilities of paper, an analog medium that facilitates the relationship between people and mobile devices. We go through some of the experiences carried out in the Muskiz public library exploring the new multimedia possibilities of paper.

This paper summarizes new trends and advances in Knowledge Organization from the perspective of linked open data (LOD). Although this is particularly important to galleries, libraries, archives and museums, the so-called GLAM community, it is of more general relevance, and part of the value of LOD lies in its adoption beyond that community. LOD includes descriptive metadata and vocabulary encoding schemes that are being “skosified” (encoded in the SKOS format) or rendered in OWL (the web ontology language) and made available not only “on” the web, but “for” the semantic web. The paper highlights a few exemplary initiatives in the field. The paper also introduces the HIVE (Helping Interdisciplinary Vocabularies Engineering) framework and discusses the HIVE-ES (Espana) extension for Spanish language vocabularies, leading to a more global approach for linked open vocabularies (LOV).

The new publishing and scientific communication environments have led to the emergence of new Web indicators. Along with usage metrics such as downloads there are many measures that are generated from Science 2.0. Journals published by the Public Library of Science systematically collect many of these new metrics. The objective of this paper is to present some of these new indicators and analyze them quantitatively through the case study of 8945 papers published in the journal PLoS One. The selected indicators were; comments, ratings, number of bookmarks, links from scientific weblogs, downloads views and citations. Basic descriptive statistics indicators and correlations have been calculated for all of them. The results show the low participation of scientists in Web 2.0 and how most of these indicators, except for downloads and visits, are poorly consolidated metrics.

En este artículo se presenta el uso de microformatos Dublin Core (DC), una manera de utilizar el conjunto de elementos DC en una forma especial de marcado muy utilizada en la web 2.0 y denominada genéricamente “microformatos”. Permiten la expresión de la semántica en el seno de una página xhtml de forma visible al usuario, estableciendo por tanto un alto nivel descriptivo para tipos de recursos concretos (tarjetas de visita, eventos, etc.). El caso concreto de los microformatos DC tiene un amplio potencial para la descripción de recursos en general, pero por su origen están especialmente indicados para describir recursos bibliográficos. Asimismo se presenta una forma sencilla de codificar DC en microformatos usando Dublin Core Metadata Gen, y otra aplicación que permite visualizar la información contenida dentro de estos microformatos, a través de una extensión de Mozilla Firefox creada a tal efecto. This paper describes the use of Dublin Core (DC) microformats that allow the DC Metadata Element Set to be marked up in a style commonly applied in web 2.0. Microformats allow the semantic expression inside xhtml pages to be displayed in a manner visible to the user, thereby enabling a high level of description for specific types of resources (business cards, events, etc.). This particular use of DC microformats offers great potential for resource description in general, and is especially suitable for describing bibliographic resources. Also presented in this paper is a simple way for encoding DC in microformats using the Dublin Core Metadata Gen software, as well as an application that allows information included in the microformats to be displayed using the Mozilla Firefox extension, created for this purpose.

[ES] No es concebible la gestión actual de recursos informativos sin la web. Para el tratamiento, conservación, difusión y acceso de la información electrónica en la Red es necesario disponer de una norma que asegure la independencia de fabricantes y permita extraer la mayor cantidad de posibilidades hipertexto e hipermedia de la web. Este trabajo presenta la norma sgml y su familia de adaptaciones (xml, xsl, xlink) como potencialmente ideales en su aplicación a los servicios de información. | Present management of information resources is inconceivable without the web. For the handling, preservation, dissemination and access to electronic information on the Net, a standard is needed to ensure independence from manufacturers and to take full advantage of the hypertext and hypermedia capabilities of the web. This paper presents the sgml standard and its family of variations (xml, xsl, xlink) as potentially ideal for information service applications., [EN] Present management of information resources is inconceivable without the web. For the handling, preservation, dissemination and access to electronic information on the Net, a standard is needed to ensure independence from manufacturers and to take full advantage of the hypertext and hypermedia capabilities of the web. This paper presents the sgml standard and its “family” of variations (xml, xsl, xlink) as potentially ideal for information service applications.

Current policies demanding an increase in transparency, open government, and the implementation of smart cities necessitate publishing open data. However, there are limited mechanisms for assessing the use and value of this information. The goal of this paper is to present a new metric, Meloda , that qualifies the information and helps to assess its reusability. Meloda ’s four dimensions are described: technical standards, access, legal considerations, and data model. Finally, Meloda ’s assessment process is explained.

This paper proposes the application of the three main Bibliometrics laws –Lotka, Zipf, and Bradford- to address the following questions: (i) How to be sure of the quality of publishers and contents in scholarly publishing, and (ii) How to determine content reliability. Our main goal is to evaluate the visibility of Transinformacao, a Brazilian scholarly journal in the information science area, according to its productivity, citation counts, and performance indicators. This study focusses on the concepts of Bibliometrics and Scholarly Journals, presenting a brief history of scholarly publishing and its accessibility in Brazil, as well as the software tools used in this work. This is an exploratory documentary study, based on descriptive mixed methods (i.e., both qualitative and quantitative), that analyzes 24 years of Transinformacao issues, from its first edition in 1989 to 2011. Descriptive statistics tables are used to show the results obtained from analyses carried out with Publish or perish , Microsoft Excel , and Web of science Citespace tools.

There is a growing number of open data initiatives that allow citizens to reuse public data sets through specifically designed applications. This paper presents an overview of these initiatives and their development in Spain, analyzing the open data sets available and the functions and features of the applications developed for this purpose. The information source used in this work is the portal http://datos.gob.es , of national scope which organizes and manages the public information catalog of Spanish administrations. This source offers information about these data sets and the applications and utilities developed. The analysis shows a diverse distribution of these open data sets that requires grouping by metacategories for its study and analysis. The level of development of the applications seems low but it may be due to the incipience on freely available data. In any case, the data sets related to infrastructures (especially transports) appear to be the main object of the applications developed so far in Spain in this context.

Drupal is one of the most advanced platforms for content management. For product development, Drupal architecture uses modules that add specific functionality to its core. More than 20 modules are geared to the needs of libraries, archives and museums. This paper reviews the characteristics and development of these modules, including changes over time, number of versions, developers involved, active implementations, and other data.

Since its launch several years ago, Europeana has continued to improve the quantity and quality of its content, attempting to offer new services and differentiate itself from the more popular search engines. The Assets project has contributed to this goal by developing innovative content-based search technologies and services, improving existing functionality, and designing more user-friendly interfaces. This paper describes in detail some of the new services that were implemented in a replica of the Europeana website. A user evaluation process was conducted in several European countries, with a total of 51 usability tests performed. The results reveal the benefits and drawbacks of the portal. The identified problems were systematically prioritized. In the final phase of the project, a redesign resolved 74% of all usability incidents. The result is a number of features that enhance the original Europeana portal, giving the user more and better search tools.

With the objective of achieving greater visibility for the research and scholarly contributions generated by members of the university community, the development of a content management system (cms) is proposed that would work with the Semantically-interlinked online communities (Sioc) initiative, managed within the academic library. This enables interoperability between the information systems of the library and the dissemination of information in social networks. Nexus is a tool that facilitates interaction between researchers and academics using microformats and Drupal as a cms. This paper explains the features of the service, its nodes and modules, and the services offered under the philosophy of linked data.

The digital environment offers new attributes to the production of press content. The strategic use of these tools opens new channels to update the business model in the context of restructuring journalism. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of digital tools from the point of view of young people in order to offer to journalistic companies a guideline for action. The methodology used is based on a quantitative survey carried out among people between 16 and 30 years old (N = 549). The results reveal that updating, multimediality, personalization and everyday content that is personally relevant are appreciated as the most important properties. The use of these resources is considered to be one of the pillars that have to be taken into account in order to build the new business model adapted to the digital field.

This paper aims to determine the scope of application of SKOS in the Semantic Web. Controlled vocabularies registered in the The Data Hub catalog of RDF datasets that use SKOS were studied. In addition to establishing a typology of vocabularies, authors analyzed the issues related to open access to data through its direct download, its query through a Sparql endpoint and the existence of appropriate licenses. The existing level of interoperability through the definition of mapping relationships between vocabularies are examined. The study concludes that thesauri and classifications are more integrated into the open data environment while subject headings lists have greater interoperability.

The main objective of this paper is to show the process map for introducing the Accessibility Management System in the Saragossa city council web service. This map is a requirement of the Spanish Association for Standards and Certification ( Aenor ) for the “N” certification of ICT Accessibility, which guarantees users that an internet page is accessible. All public sector organizations are required by law to achieve this norm and display the “N” mark of certification.To identify the processes and design the process map, an expert reviewed documents and interviewed managers and staff. The processes were classified into strategic, key and support categories and so identified on the process map, which indicates sequences and the relationships between inputs and tasks. The results section describes the main activities and analyzes their inter-relationship.

Groupware tools have been standard in the coordination of work in organizations. The development of social networks, has popularized the pattern of collaborative work. This paper aims, first, defining a model for analysis and use of groupware functionality. Second, using the proposed model to establish whether groupware tools are evolving by integrating social features into their performance.

Current information systems evolve very rapidly, even appearing and disappearing imperceptibly, as new systems emerge without having been able to fully develop the previous ones. This paper provides a study of the concept of intranet in the area of information and documentation, describing its conceptual evolution, methods and main technical characteristics. We establish how from the beginning intranets have been based on web technology, and how today cloud computing allows new ways to understand them. Finally, two examples of intranet in hybrid and private cloud computing are shown. Los sistemas de información actuales evolucionan con tanta rapidez que incluso aparecen y desaparecen sin que se lleguen a percibir sus efectos, pues emergen sistemas nuevos sin que se hayan podido desarrollar completamente los anteriores. Este trabajo realiza un estudio del concepto de intranet en el área de información y documentación que permite observar su evolución, métodos y principales características técnicas. Se establece cómo desde el principio las intranets están vinculadas con la tecnología web, y cómo en la actualidad el cloud computing interviene en las nuevas formas de entenderlas. Por último se muestran dos ejemplos de intranet en cloud computing híbrido y privado.

All trends seem to indicate that, to survive in a virtual environment, mass media need to incorporate some operational principles specific to the social media. This paper focusses on how the traditional Media are implementing 2.0 tools, incorporating to their know-how a new way of interaction with users based on collaborative participation and users- generated content. Some Spanish media, such as Elpais. com for online press and RTVE.es for the audiovisual sector, represent different strategies where users are connected with each other; they share ideas, information, entertainment and projects. However, when using 2.0 tools users and media should know they are facing potential legal risks, especially related to intellectual property, personal data protection, privacy, reputation and right to publicity.

Certainly, in recent years there has been a breakthrough in regard to web accessibility: policies and laws have emerged, along with tools, technologies and guidelines for creating accessible content properly. However, despite these efforts, the Web is still largely inaccessible. In this paper we have analyzed the different technical options for implementation of systems of linear access to the websites, systems which greatly facilitate the accessibility and the usability of these pages and are often forgotten by developers.

Evaluating the Information Architecture in an already deployed website is not an easy task. Most evaluation techniques are focused on examining system usability, but this is not the only factor that influences IA. The main technique that deals with IA in already deployed web environments is the Navigation Stress Test (NST). A new methodology makes this technique more informative by taking NST beyond simple notation on paper. This work proposes the use of NST combined with other usability testing techniques such as Thinking Aloud and a usability questionnaire. Eye tracking also has been used to supplement the information obtained from applied techniques. This new methodology has been tested by analyzing a series of websites belonging to Spanish public university libraries. The results of this study show the validity of the approach used, as well as the value that this approach and the use of Eye tracking bring to the analysis of IA compared to traditional NST

Scientific communication is being enriched by the introduction of new ways of storage, publication and dissemination of the results. These include the services of the Web 2.0 which are still largely unknown to researchers. In this context the objective of this paper is to illustrate how we can strategically use Web Services 2.0 to disseminate and give greater visibility to scientific publications. To this end we present a series of services of interest to scientific communication (Blogger, Twitter, Facebook, Slideshare y E-Lis) and explain the role they can play in communicating scientific results. It also shows how these services should be logically interrelated, which we call the strategic dissemination cycle. In the last section, the authors collected a set of webmetric indicators classified into three groups (social influence, use, recognition) to evaluate the success of the dissemination strategy and the visibility of a work in the Web 2.0.

Google Scholar is a search engine that specializes in scientific information and in the identification of the citations that academic papers receive, making it a strong competitor for other citations indexes. For this reason, several studies have attempted to evaluate its capacity as a bibliometric tool. Due to this interest, we present an introduction to its use and the advantages and disadvantages versus Scopus and Web of Science. First, its way of collecting information and features of its interface are analyzed. The following section describes the results that Google Scholar generates. Thirdly, we analyze the coverage of information sources and the different document types to be found, showing how this coverage universe offers different citations versus other products. Finally, we specify the standardization problems of Google Scholar and offer a number of precautions that must be taken into account when using Google Scholar as an evaluation tool.

One of the most popular services in web 2.0 is the social promotion of news. Digg and Meneame –the second one in Spain and Latin America–, are very well known. Using Meneame open code, a team of information professionals created DocuMenea with the same characteristics but limited to Library and Information Science. This paper presents an evaluation of this service from its creation in November 2006 to December 2008. The results show that 2,166 news items were sent and 1,610 were published. The service has 582 users, with unequal participation because 74% of them never had sent any news and 91% did not vote on any occasion. Four thematic areas were identified: Google, libraries, social networking / Web 2.0, and the book. Finally, sources in which the top three positions were occupied by daily general interest newspapers were ranked as the most important to DocuMenea .

Due to their increasing connectivity and processing power, mobile devices are engaged in a process of mediatization that involves, on one side, conventional media related paradigms (standardized contents, pay per access, individualized passive consumption) and, on the other side, the Social Web related 2.0 paradigm (personalized and user generated content, third party open environments, collaborative work, prevalence of ‘sharing’ logics, etc.). This paper poses a general framework of those factors that enable the relevance of the Web 2.0 paradigm in the current development of market and data consumption in mobile devices, including some conceptual outline that may prove useful in future research of the evolution of mobile content production, business and consumption models.

With the increasing number of web sites, the time spent by users reviewing the results also increases. In addition, the nature of web content is semantically heterogeneous and oriented to people who will be able to understand it. Frequently the results from search engines do not correspond to the expected topic. One approach to improve the results is to match the content of the web pages with a formal vocabulary on the topic (ontology) and with the informal vocabulary (common terms of the topic but not in the ontology). This paper describes a web search method that takes advantage of ontologies to reduce the search area of certain topics. With this approach the relevance of search engine results is enhanced by filtering the content through the integration of domain ontologies, the WordNet thesaurus, and a hierarchical similarity measure. Thus, the improvement on the relevance of results reduces the time required to review such results.

The analysis of web usage information is an important cybermetric tool for describing the visits and visitors to a website, and their navigation behaviour, which can help in designing the structure and contents of the webpages. The paper describes the main concepts (log file, session, user) and introduces both manual and automated techniques to study the log files. Finally, the counters and trackers are described, paying special attention to the statistics offered by two systems: Google Analytics and StatCounter .

This paper intends, from a structural point of view, to analyse the network of Flickr’s members who live or were born in Spain. The aim of the study is to know how the network evolves, what is its shape, what groups are detected and what uses are carried out within the network. We identified 663 Flickr members through a double snowball process and harvested their joining date, photos and contacts with a crawler. The results show that the users who joined Flickr in 2004 use the service as a communication medium among amateur photographers, while the subsequent members utilise Flickr as a real social network, using the photos as a way to express personal experiences, opinions and tastes.

When the Latin America and the Caribbean Social Sciences Network of Virtual Libraries was created 10 years ago, it was an easy decision to work with open software because the Latin America and the Caribbean Social Science Council (Clacso), an academic network with 195 member institutes located in 21 countries, promotes the use of open software and open access to communicate and exchange research results in digital formats. The development and daily operations of this cooperative digital library are described, including Greenstone for the reading room with advanced search capacity and Plone for the graphical interface; both allow decentralized content management with 9.000 full text publications (books, journal articles, working documents, papers) and databases.

This article provides an overview of web 2.0 and library 2.0. An analysis is offered of websites widely acknowledged as being successful. These websites were those that led to the new concept web 2.0. Essential characteristics of this type of site are reviewed, such as employing important technologic innovations and novel ways of interacting with users. The second part of the paper analyses the significance of library 2.0 as a web 2.0 application for libraries. After a brief review of the principal definitions, a new one is proposed. Examples are given of the 2.0 services that libraries are currently offering or could offer in the future.

This paper describes content syndication and its applications for libraries, information centres and publishers, and highlights it as a new opportunity considering the scant developments in this field. Further, it explains how syndication, as applied to Temaria, a portal of Spanish journals on library and information science, makes it easier to track an author or to keep up–to–date on specific subjects, amongst other possibilities.

This paper try an usability and navigability study of the Cindoc web site through web log files of the main server for october 2003. For this, web mining are used, concretly, web usage mining techniques to the detection of sessions with the aim of determine navigation patterns and design faults. Several design problems are detected in the navigation menu, in the layouth of the contents and in the web structure. Different navigation identificated patterns are discussed and many advices are made about its design in forward changes.

The organisation of information in a web site is more useful if it adapts to the way the user thinks and behaves. This is especially important in e-learning sites, where usability is directly linked to the way the user learns. The best way to manage an intuitive and easy-to-use web site it is to organise the site as the student would: that is, following the way the user thinks and manages information. One method is to apply the card sorting technique based on observation of how the users form groupings and associate a predetermined number of categories. In this paper the authors present the results of applying this technique to an e-learning project at the University of Granada (Cevug). Sixty people were studied as they organised twelve categories included in the WebCT platform and a quantitative analysis was made of the results by different statistical techniques: clustering and MDS.

The vast and growing number of web resources show that lexical-statistical aids by themselves cannot resolve the problem of information retrieval. The "semantic web" project tries to solve these problems (and to do much more) by having the computers comprehend the content of the resources. This paper examines the current status of the required 'la-yers' put forward by Berners-Lee for the development of the Semantic web: namely, the uniform identification layer, the representation layer, the logical layer, and the security layer.

This paper reviews the influence of usability in design techniques and information architecture, and affects noted that this is an evaluation technique, which must be integrated into a broader process of user-centered design.

The need for making information available on the Web, so that it can be accessed from anywhere, has resulted in many new web-based database sites. In many cases the data are unorganised with frequent duplication of information. This informal organisation and information redundancy make site maintenance a much more difficult task, giving rise to inconsistencies, data that is difficult to access, etc. The database community knows that one way of avoiding these problems is to make use of the facilities provided by technology. But the development process of databases on the web is different than that of traditional databases. Therefore it is necessary to adapt the classical database development methodologies (process as well as techniques, notations and models) for working with web databases. This paper outlines the main methodologies for creating web databases and sums up the Midas/db methodology, developed by the Kybele Research Group of the University Rey Juan Carlos, in Madrid.

This paper reviews developments in information design between 1996-2000, in the context of the World Wide Web. An analysis is made of the major, best known manuals and books on this subject, highlighting the focus and main features of each. The study reveals different tendencies and schools of thought on this subject.

This paper shows the evolution of the first internet search engines, indexes and service providers towards their conversion into portals. Thesecan be grouped into three classifications: general, vertical, and corporate. Some distinguishing characteristics of portals are analyzed as well as the reasons behind their existence in internet. Also discussed are the main elements which favour their success, including: generation of contents, creation of virtual communities, promotion of user loyalty and development of e-commerce.

This paper conceptualizes the term big data and describes its relevance in social research and journalistic practices. We explain large-scale text analysis techniques such as automated content analysis, data mining, machine learning, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis, which may help scientific discovery in social sciences and news production in journalism. We explain the required e-infrastructure for big data analysis with the use of cloud computing and we asses the use of the main packages and libraries for information retrieval and analysis in commercial software and programming languages such as Python or R.

This paper studies research data repositories in the social sciences and humanities (SSH), from the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data), paying particular attention to metadata models used to describe the datasets included in them. 397 repositories are reviewed at the general level, including those of a multidisciplinary nature. We discuss and reflect on the special features of research data in these disciplines, and on coverage and information collected by re3data. The metadata schemas and standards most commonly used in SSH repositories are analyzed, with special emphasis on the six main repositories.

5 págs, 5 figs.-- Publicado en 'El Profesional de la Información', vol. 17, n. 6, nov-dic 2008: "Redes sociales". [ES] Second Life es un entorno virtual en tres dimensiones que muchos consideran simplemente un juego pero que tiene enormes posibilidades para la enseñanza a distancia y la comunicación. Hay bibliotecas universitarias que están intentando aprovecharlo en este sentido; la de la Universidad Carlos III es una de ellas. En este artículo se presenta su proyecto, en el que pretende anticiparse a lo que muy probablemente sea la forma de presentación futura de la informaciónen internet: la Web 3D. [EN] Second Life is a three-dimensional virtual environment that many consider merely a game but it has enormous possibilities for e-learning and communication. There are academic libraries that are trying to take advantage of it; the Universidad Carlos III Library is one of them. This paper presents its project, with which it expects to anticipate that which very probably will be the future way of displaying information on the internet: 3D web. Publicado