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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease and, in particular, for ischemic heart disease (IHD). The pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients is complex and not fully understood. Some diabetic patients have mainly coronary stenosis obstructing blood flow to the myocardium and others present with coronary microvascular disease with an absence of plaques in the epicardial vessels. Objective: This review article aimed to study diabetes mellitus in order to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. Methods: These databases were searched for articles published in English in 3 data bases [PubMed - Google scholarscience direct] and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) had been used such as diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease and in peer-reviewed articles between July 1998 and April 2021. A 23-year date range was selected without language limitations, and filtered in selected data basis for the last 23 years. Documents in a language apart from English have been excluded as sources for interpretation. Papers apart from main scientific studies had been excluded (documents unavailable as total written text, conversation, conference abstract papers and dissertations). Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, a simultaneously endocrine and metabolic disease, is an especially aggressive process leading to vascular lesions. In order to reduce the high morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients the goals of prevention must be maximal on non-diabetic persons who already have ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytoestrogen is a plant derived compound which have estrogenic effect similar to estrogen. Aim of work: The present study was carried out to investigate some pharmacological and biochemical effects of anise oil on male albino rats. Materials and methods: twelve animals were divided randomly into two groups. Group A: Control. Group B: treated rats. The treated rats were given an oral dose of 1 ml/kg body weight/day anise oil once daily for one month. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The anise oil induced highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL. In addition, significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL and highly significantly decreased in FSH, LH, testosterone and sperm count compared to normal control group. Conclusion: This study showed that high levels of anise intake cause hormonal disturbance and decrease sperm count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Renal resistive index (RRI) was suggested as an indicator of renal atherosclerotic changes in hypertensive patients with possible prognostic role in treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to assess RRI in hypertensive subjects, its relation to other predictors of target organ damage and prognostic usefulness in management, specifically, with different antihypertensive drugs. Patients and methods: The study included 100 newly diagnosed hypertensive adult subjects, who underwent abdominal ultrasound with Doppler to assess RRI, which was correlated with their clinical parameters including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and other subclinical atherosclerosis markers as carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and aortic knob width (AKW) calculated from chest radiograph. Another 50 non hypertensive subjects were assessed for their RRI as a control group. In addition, some of hypertensive patients were followed up one year after starting treatment was done and effects of different antihypertensive agents on their RRI were compared. Results: The mean baseline RRI in hypertensive patients (0.71 ± 0.04) was significantly higher compared to control group (0.60 ± 0.02) and was positively significantly correlated with their clinical parameters (age, systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure and eGFR) and with their atherosclerotic parameters (IMT and AKW). In addition, ACE/ARBs treatment was associated with significant decrease of RRI compared to other drugs [beta blocker (BB) and calcium channel blocker (CCB)], indicating their more renal protective effect. Conclusion: Assessment of RRI in patients with primary hypertension not only reflecting intrarenal perfusion changes, but it indicates systemic atherosclerotic changes, so it can be useful as prognostic parameter in addition to its possible therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: phytoestrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that structurally or functionally mimic mammalian estrogens. They have been investigated at the epidemiological, clinical and molecular levels to determine their potential health benefits. Aim: the present study was carried out to investigate some biochemical effects of fenugreek oil and soymilk on male albino rats. Materials and Methods: eighteen (18) animals were divided randomly into three groups with 6 animals per group. Group "1" received normal saline 1 mL/kg body weight orally for four weeks. Group "2" rats were treated with oral dose of soymilk 1 ml/kg body weight/day once daily for four weeks, while rats in group "3" were treated with oral dose of fenugreek 1 ml/kg body weight/day once daily for four weeks. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment for biochemical analysis. Results: the fenugreek oil and soymilk induced highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein ratio (LDL/HDL) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in high-density lipoprotein. The results also showed highly significant decrease in follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and sperm count compared to normal control group. Conclusion: the results of this study suggest that high levels of fenugreek and soymilk intake can cause hormonal disturbance and decrease sperm count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: hypertrophied adenoid tissue is one of the most common health problems that occurs in childhood that results in many symptoms including 1. Nasal obstruction. 2. Mucoid, mucopurulent nasal discharge and postnasal discharge 3. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 4. Recurrent acute otitis media (A.O.M). Objective: to evaluate the correlation between subjective and linear measurements of palatal airway on lateral cephalographs. Patients and Methods: Diagnostic lateral cephalometric imaging study that took place from March 2017, to July 2018. 200 Children with chronic mouth breathing (116 boys and 84 girls), with age range from 2 to 14 years, were enrolled in this study. Patients were grouped into three groups according to age: a- 2 - <6 years were 84 patients (42%). b- 6 - <10 years were 76 patients (38%). c- 10 – 14 years were 40 patients (20 %). Results: The age was inversely correlated with the grade of airway obstruction. The correlations between the palatal airway grading with the shortest adenoid distance (SAD) and the most convex adenoid distance (CAD) were r= -0.826 and r= -0.424, respectively, which is statistically significant. The relation between SAD and CAD was directly proportional to each other accounting for correspondence of evaluation in more than 50% of the population which is statistically significant. Conclusion: subjective grading of palatal airway obstruction correlates with the objective measurements of SAD and CAD. Although both methods are reliable in measurement particularly the more severe obstructions, SAD is a more favorable objective tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]