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Aim: This study aimed to explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, achievement, and coping strategy among young female students with primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and method: Design: Quasi experimental (pre-post) research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the Technical Nursing Institute- Mansoura University from November 2020 to January 2021. Participants: Purposive sampling as used to divide 116 young female nursing students into two groups (intervention arm and non-intervention arm), who completed the study after implementing a cognitive behavioral therapy program with 12 weekly sessions on the intervention arm. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection Interview Questionnaire Schedule, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), Numerical pain scale and coping mechanism scale. Results: Post intervention, there were statistically significant differences between the two arms regarding depression (P = 0.009), anxiety (P = 0.044), stress (P = 0.003), and coping strategies including ignoring pain (P ≤ 0.001), physical exercise (P ≤ 0.001), using home remedies (P = 0.047), and hot application (P = 0.013), between the two arms. Conclusion: Cognitive behavior therapy had a positive effect on pain intensity, poor concentration, and restriction in physical activities, social withdrawal, mood swing and academic achievement. Moreover, there was a significant change in depression, anxiety, stress, and coping mechanism with primary dysmenorrhea. Recommendations: Stress on the importance of cognitive behavior therapy sessions had a positive effect on psychological status and educational sessions, for young female nursing students, can be an efficient method to increase awareness and prevent delays in diagnosis

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most natural, beneficial and ideal form for feeding newborns to promote their healthy growth and development as well as for better maternal health. Some mothers facing the problem of nipple inversion depleting them of being able to feed their babies as well as taking its advantages. Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Hoffman’s exercise on the level of breastfeeding among primiparous women with inverted nipple. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was conducted at a private antenatal clinic at Mansoura City, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A non-probability purposive sample of 110 pregnant women was allocated either to the control group who received the routine antenatal care or to the intervention group who practiced Hoffman's exercise. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule, LATCH and Likert scales. Results: More than half (58.2%) of the subjects in intervention group had good level of breast feeding compared to 7,3 % in the control group with statistical significant difference among both groups (p < 0.001). Also about 34,5% and 29,1% of the subjects in the intervention group were either strongly satisfied or satisfied respectively compared to only 3,6% and 5,5% of the control group on the same scale. Conclusion: The current study hypotheses were accepted where Hoffman's exercise was an effective intervention for managing inverted nipple, improving level of breastfeeding and is associated with higher satisfaction level with breastfeeding in the intervention group compared to the control group. Recommendations: The current study recommended that, Hoffman’s exercise can be integrated into nursing care practices for managing inverted nipples among primiparous women.