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The influx of refugees from Ukraine over the past year could have led to an uncontrolled increase in unemployment in Poland and Europe, but this did not happen. European countries took immediate measures to support Ukrainian refugees and their integration into the labour markets. In Poland, at the end of January 2023, there were 15.6 thousand unemployed citizens from this country registered in labour offices, who accounted for only 1.8 per cent of the total number of unemployed. In 2022, on the other hand, more than 1 million Ukrainian citizens were legalised for work, which indicates their good integration into Polish society. In the article, I analyse the measures taken in the wake of Russia’s attack on Ukraine and show that the European economy, despite the crisis caused by the war, requires a continuous replenishment of the labour supply of workers. I address the issues of European labour markets, the activities of employment services in other countries receiving refugees and I also cite the results of research conducted in Polish and European employment services.

The article examines key competences in the lifelong learning process – as a European reference framework, taking into account legal, psychological and pedagogical aspects. The article contains an introduction and two subsections describing the concept and types of competences, and the second one examining the social competences in the Polish and European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning.

The aim of the article is to analyze current solutions in the field of certification, characteristic of German lifelong learning system. The debate on certification of competences and skills that has been going on in this country for several decades so far mainly concerned education, including higher education, and vocational education, to a lesser extent it referred to the area of lifelong education, in which greater importance has been attached to openness and flexibility in approach to learners rather than the qualifications system. The contemporary tendency to certify an increasing number of offers implemented as part of lifelong education has stimulated both social discussion about the importance of this sector in the education system as well as scientific debates, in which the emphasis is on the need to evaluate standards and certification requirements in terms of the usefulness of the solutions used, including their possible side effects, such as creating barriers to access those offers

Poor psychological and social qualifications of medical personnel affect the situation and condition of patients in stationary hospices. Patients often have no possibility of telling about their non-medical ailments, and it is a constant practice to limit the information provided to patients. Content related to accomodation and death are reduced only to the technical side of care, which can not only lead to information hype and confusion, but also to the deterioration of patients’ well-being. It is important to emphasize the importance of balance between hope and honesty in providing information about the patient’s actual condition, even among people under palliative care. Our research confirms that fears in the terminal phase of cancer appear as a result of a sense of powerlessness, worry, as well as an effect of information blocking. We can talk here about adaptive disorders, because the symptoms of anxiety do not weaken, and patients in hospices often do not have the resources or sufficient support to overcome them in disease conditions and new life circumstances. The need for action to reduce anxiety rather than strengthening it becomes one of the main skills of medical personnel in palliative care. Raising qualifications in the field of social and psychological impact allows for better organization of therapy in hospice conditions and comprehensive patient care.

Artykuł prezentuje założenia kompleksowego wsparcia szkolnictwa branżowego z wykorzystaniem Zintegrowanych Inwestycji Terytorialnych. W opracowaniu wskazano wybrane rezultaty podjętych prac, w szczególności badań wymagań kwalifikacyjnych zrealizowanych na stanowiskach pracy wśród wielkopolskich pracodawców.

Dzisiejsze czasy to epoka globalizacji, czwarta era przemysłowa 4.0. Towarzyszą temu dynamiczne zmiany technologiczne i organizacyjne, które wymagają od pracowników zdolności do wykonywania zróżnicowanej pracy, ciągłego uczenia się i aktualizowania wiedzy i umiejętności. Głównym celem badań było zdiagnozowanie kompetencji społecznych i pedagogicznych mistrzów rzemiosła, oraz modyfikacja istniejącego standardu wymagań egzaminacyjnych na tytuł zawodowy mistrza. Autor podjął próbę zdiagnozowania luk kompetencyjnych mistrzów, którzy stanowią filar rzemieślniczego przygotowania zawodowego oraz sformułowania nowego modelu wymagań egzaminacyjnych mistrzów w rzemiośle, a co za tym idzie procesu ich kształcenia.

Knowledge about occupations – professionalization, is a basic element of work pedagogy. It allows for professional observation of the process of professional tasks implementation, and then for assigning to each distinguished task a set of relevant competences: knowledge, skills and social competences. If we define an occupation as a set of professional tasks, then – from the analysis of individual occupational tasks – we can proceed to the description of the entire occupation. This approach was the starting point to develop the methodology applied in the INFODORADCA+ project, and in particular to develop a model for information about occupations. It includes: identification data of the occupation, a description of the occupation along with assigned professional tasks, lists of competences necessary for their proper performance, as well as references to the situation of the occupation on the labor market and opportunities for professional development and European classification of occupations. The experience gained during the implementation of the INFODORADCA+ project and the results of this project significantly enriched knowledge about occupations and the possibilities of its practical application.

The aim of the article is to outline the relationship between the classification of occupations and specializations and other systemic tools facilitating labour market policy and education policy in particular European classification of skills/ competences, qualifications and competences (ESCO), Integrated Qualifications System and standards of professional competences (information about professions). The article also presents the opportunities of developing the classification of occupations and skills in the context of the changing situation on the labour market and digitalisation.

On the Polish ground there are currently 132 professions corresponding to a given type of craft in a dozen or so branches. They are characterized by pluriformity of hard, i.e. professional qualifications and a common set of personal and social competences for apprentices, as well as soft and pedagogical competences for masters – defined in the standards of examination requirements for masters in crafts. The system of vocational preparation and confirmation of qualifications in crafts is not usually exposed in society, teachers – and consequently career counsellors – still have too little knowledge on this subject. Craft in pedagogy is often reduced to the history of education in the Middle Ages (education in a foreign home). There is still a lack of a coherent vision of crafts and their role in education, employment and economy policies. Project “Developing, supplementing and updating information on occupations and its dissemination with the use of modern communication tools INFODORADCA+” thanks to broad involvement of craftsmen and crafts organizations in the creation of descriptions – can be a real response to the diagnosed information gap. The consultations on a model description of professions conducted from the very beginning with the participation of representatives of the craftsmanship brought to light specific information on craftsmanship training – including the specificity of individual professions, learning and further training in the profession, as well as the confirmation of the qualifications of journeymen and masters.

One of the tasks carried out by the Regional Labour Offices in Poland is the coordination and provision of career guidance and career information services as well as activities in the field of international job placement within the framework of the EURES network. The article presents the possibilities of using information about occupations by career counsellors and employment agents in labour offices. It discusses the professional information used so far and compares it to the recently updated information about occupations developed in the INFODORADCA+ project. The article concentrates on the unquestionable usefulness of the project database as an open source of information about occupations.

This article presents basic information about employment agencies with reference to the Polish law. It also presents current data and statistics about employment agencies, considering the possibilities of using the information about occupations in their everyday activity. The articles presents some ideas for the future development of the project and some hints that might be helpful for making its results more popular and usefull on the labour market

In the era of globalization there has been a significant transformation in all the spheres of human life and activity. A new type of society has been formed – information society, based on knowledge, and the need for information has become a major factor in economic growth. The basis for the existence and development of a knowledge-based society is a highly qualified, educated society able to use knowledge in professional work. One of the important types of information is career information, which is the source of knowledge about the work environment. One of its elements is the occupational information – materials containing in particular: descriptions of occupations, description of professional competences, a reference to the situation of the occupation in the labour market and professional development opportunities, as well as the employment opportunities of people with disabilities in the profession. Vocational information includes information about education, occupations, and the labour market. This article is an attempt to indicate specific examples of how to use the results of the project INFODORADCA+ in the current companies’ activities and some benefits from them, in the area of human resources management.

Information and knowledge are integrally connected with each other. They are perceived as a new good on the labour market necessary to effectively compete in contemporary information and knowledge-based society. In the case of the PO WER project “Developing, supplementing and updating information about occupations and its dissemination with the use of modern communication tools – INFODORADCA+” information concentrates on the specifics of performing of a given occupation and its working environment, describes educational requirements, employment possibilities, and professional development opportunities as well as ways to certify qualifications and professional competences defined by the learning outcomes: knowledge, skills and social competences. The joint knowledge of many thousands of experts from various areas of economic and social life and 30 months (2017–2019) of hard work done by 5 Polish institutions (project partners) resulted in the development of information about 1000 occupations. Consequently, a critical mass of the information about occupations has been achieved and it has already become a systemic tool useful for employment purposes as well as formal and non-formal education.

Despite the very good situation on the labour market, qualifications mismatches make the growing number of job offers insufficient to absorb the majority of recorded unem-ployment. This happens independently of the increase in the formal level of education of la-bour resources. Lack of proper vocational training is therefore an important determinant of the existence and duration of un-employment, because what counts more than the formal education on the labour market is the actual qualifications and professional skills. Entrepreneurs from various industries more and more often have difficulties finding employees. That is why it is so important to strengthen the importance of those skills in the teaching process which are crucial from the point of view of the requirements and expecta-tions of the labour market.

Systemic tools, such as the standards of professional competences and qualifications, the description of which enables them to be assigned the level of the national qualifications framework, function in the national qualifications systems as collections of information on competences important from the point of view of the labour market and educational system.It is important to recognise the potential of the relationship between the standards of professional competences and qualifications, described in accordance to the Act on ZSK, given the fact that they coexist under the Polish Integrated Qualification System.