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The present study is designed to examine preschool children's (4-5 and 6 years old) attitudes toward unstructured materials and to take their divergent ideas about these materials. Paper napkin, a plastic bottle, bottle lid, toilet paper roll, a piece of white string, a plastic spoon and a 10x10x10 cm³ sized box were used as unstructured materials. 126 children (58 female, 68 male) were selected from four state preschools. For originality scores first an originality index was prepared. Children who gave similar answers scored as 1, children who gave answers that were rarely given by other children, scored 2 and children who gave answers that were not given by others, scored 3. Children's usage of materials and answers were analyzed as originality and fluency by two blind coders. It was found from the study that, most of the children preferred to use materials in usual and ordinary ways, only few children were found to use them creatively as play materials. The results showed that most of the children cannot be able to use the unstructured materials as play materials creatively. Gender difference was found significant in the usage of plastic spoon, box and bottle. Girls tended to use napkin and bottle lid creatively and symbolically as domestic play toy, on the other hand boys had a tendency to use the box and plastic spoon creatively and symbolically. The age factor was also found significant, older children tended to use the materials more creatively than the younger ones.

The paper argues that India is no more just a jugaroo nation because of its growth trajectory among the lower middle-income economies. Innovation in India has begun to track above the average of the upper middle-income nations in all innovation indicators. India’s demographic profile of a young population needs to take advantage of this growth by using all the opportunities that the 21st. century has to offer. One such innovation in education is what the paper demonstrates as a doable model of leadership coaching. The author takes into account the significance of conventional leadership coaching and blends it with contemporary psychodynamic theory and organization-development practice. If one purpose of leader coaching is to build personalities beyond normal limitations, then education and training will have to provide non-threatening methods by which embedded dynamics in the inner theater of human personality can be explored. The case-study provides evidence of this education and exploration, drawing on Kolb’s experiential learning model, and offers an advanced leadership training course which unfolds over four modules, in an eight-year experience at a premier b-school in India. Young women and men in the final year of the MBA course become mindful and sensitive of their own influences and assumptions, and develop the ability to connect the internal psychodynamic world with societal and global processes that influence transferences and counter-transferences for effective decision-making as they get ready to take up leadership positions in various organizations. Business-case reviews about the decline and demise of enterprise bring home the dysfunctionalities of toxicity in individuals which, remaining unresolved, spreads to groups and organizations. Film-based discussions on neuro-psychology and neuro-elasticity demonstrate how the human brain messages changed responses to situations of toxicity-induced threats by releasing new and proactive leadership behaviors. Even if 10% of a Class carry forward the learning from this innovative paradigm of leadership coaching into day-to-day decision making, the original idea of young men and women who are aware of their own influences and assumptions in leadership positions will begin to snowball.

As a miracle in the history of education in China and even in the world, Southwest Associated University has far-reaching influence on its spiritual connotation and educational model. Southwest Associated University has experienced the baptism of war, but it still cultivated many talents and masters for China. In the process of running a school in Southwest Associated University, the school has a clear purpose of running a school, a variety of teaching styles, a high degree of academic freedom, innovation and pragmatism. And students can combine work, study and research, learn from each other, and have an excellent learning atmosphere. Today's education in China needs to learn the spirit of Southwest Associated University, including education model, teaching style, free spirit and so on. Based on the exploration and thinking of "teaching and learning" of Southwest Associated University, this paper puts forward some opinions on the improvement of current education model and the inheritance of education concept. The three most important points are the unity of education and education, the inheritance of educational concepts, and the call for freedom. More importantly, we need to learn from Southwest Associated University to keep up with the social trend, to cultivate people who really need it and a long-term educational vision for the society. This paper hope that we can develop today's education by learning from the education of Southwest Associated University.

Art education is a gradual process. The cultivation of aesthetic ability cannot be completed within a short period of time, especially that of art creativity. In art teaching, a question worthy of discussion and research is how to cultivate the art creativity of students correctly. By analyzing museum resources and art education in China, this paper aims to effectively analyze, interpret and re-create museum collections, so as to cultivate students’ ability to appreciate artworks, improve their interest in art, and develop their ability to create art. In line with the characteristics of the research subject, this research mainly utilizes the literature review method, comparative analysis method, and case study of the investigation method to study the development of art courses for students before entering junior middle schools. According to the survey, the integration between museum resources and art courses has remarkable educational significance. Around the world, many countries have key projects for the construction of art courses in museums. In order to promote the innovation of art education in China, this paper explores the prototype of figurines of a comedic face playing an instrument (喜乐俑) collected by the museums, develops art courses with the integration of this prototype. The final part of the article presents the result of the research, demonstrating a module course and concluding how art teachers can utilize museum resources to develop art educational courses, and discusses some problems of Chinese art education and puts forward some solutions.

The rapid development of educational informationization has put forward new requirements for teaching mode. Blended teaching under the background of information technology has become the focus of higher education teaching reform, and the research on the influencing factors of the implementation effect of blended teaching has attracted more and more researchers ‘attention. This study aims to investigate students’ views on the effect of blended teaching from the perspective of college students who once participated in blended teaching activities. This paper conducts a theoretical study on the influencing factors of blended teaching, and conducts an empirical study on the influencing factors of blended teaching effect by means of questionnaires. The results show that personal interests and attitudes and curriculum design are the main factors affecting the effectiveness of blended teaching. Moreover, teachers' professional image, curriculum design and Teaching Platform Functions all have a significant impact on students' interest and attitude in participating in blended teaching. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the "student-centered" teaching consciousness, optimize the "student-centered" teaching design, attach importance to the improvement of teachers' professional image, and select a suitable blended teaching platform.

With the development of economy, business English talents are increasingly being needed in China, but the effectiveness of the training of business English students is not optimistic. How to cultivate the combination of “business” and “English” talents is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of business English education. This paper proposes some strategies of business English teaching based on the theory of language and content integration: to promote English learning with professional subject knowledge; to create an authentic language environment to help students construct the meaning of knowledge; to introduce communicative approach and collaborative learning into the classroom; and to put emphasis on cultivating cross-cultural awareness of the students. This paper tries to conclude that business English teachers should recognize the distinctive features of business English teaching, integrate the language and content, and then adopt targeted teaching strategies so as to get the aims of better promoting the effectiveness of business English teaching and optimizing the training of business English talents.

The revival and development of values education in the world has become a hot topic in the field of education development in the new century. With the increasing demands of the government and people from all walks of life on the values education, the research on values education has begun to increase in the international academic circles. This paper tries to adopt the method of knowledge mapping, select the literature on “values education” in the SSCI database from 2009 to 2018 as the analysis object, and use CiteSpace software to analyze values education. The paper finds that the number of publications on international values education is increasing year by year, forming a core research field focused on pedagogy, psychology and sociology. The mainstream authors on international values education research are Simon Marginson, Pierre Bourdieu, John Dewey, Albert Bandura, etc. In recent ten years, the hot topics on international values education research mainly focus on six themes. Teacher education, physical education, personal values, choosing the caring setting, digital storytelling and professional identity, and teacher education has become the most popular research topic.

Education is the strongest pillar for the development of any nation. So also, education is one of the profound problems of many developing countries like Sierra Leone. Educational system provide a step by step knowledge to the young children according to their developmental stages. Every nation therefore gives priority for the promotion of education country wide. The challenge faced by Sierra Leone is not only restricted to the lack of budget for the education sector but is significantly linked with the way public financing is planned, managed and monitored. In brief, this paper is an overview of the government financing of Education in Sierra Leone. The paper starts by giving an understanding of Educational Background, Education Systems, and the Structure of Education in Sierra Leone. For clarity of the subject of Financing Education, a review of knowledge catalogues in brief the colonial legacy, relevant of public financing, Resources Management in schools and colleges in Sierra Leone. The paper made a brief flash back analysis of key education sector plans on education in the previous years. For better understanding, the paper then figures out the implication of financing Education, Government spending in Education, household contribution of funding Education, External donors to education, and flow of Resources in schools in Sierra Leone.

Universal design for learning is an effective means to improve students’ learning effects and to improve lecturers’ instructional design, which may benefit improving teaching quality of higher education under new situation in China. This paper carried out the learning resource design according to UDL theory by setting mechanics of material subject as an example, which aims to integrate the main principles of UDL theory into inclusive course design. By applying UDL theory, ICARE model and novel technical means, the course design details have been expounded from teaching representation means for lecturers, action and expression means for learners, and engagement means for learners, respectively. The benefits of integrating UDL into course design for lectures, learners and daily teaching activities are analyzed as well. The work in this paper would have a great significance to promote the integration of UDL theory, advanced teaching philosophy, and novel technical means into learning course design to improve teaching efficiency of lecturers and learning outcome of learners.

In coming society of new era English has become the communicative language of today’s international context. More and more people are using English to obtain and exchange information. First English reading, as an important part of English, is one of the ways to reflect the reader’s potential English communication skills. The reading process links authors and readers in two ways. On the one hand, the author expresses his intentions, thoughts and feelings in written form. On the other hand, the reader understands the information to be expressed by the author through the identification, connection and reasoning of these linguistic symbols. Over the years English teachers have been dedicated to improving students’ comprehensive reading skills. However there are quite a few English teachers who pay much attention to vocabulary, sentences, paragraphs and articles in various reading skills to train students, let alone from the perspective of relevance theory. Then the paper aims to discuss and analyze the cognitive nature of English reading, comprehensively discusses three reading patterns. Hence English reading comprehension requires a more comprehensive and effective reading mode to guide its teaching and learning. Relevance theory holds that reading is the process of explicit reasoning, the process of readers looking for the best association, and the process of choosing context. Therefore teachers will focus on cultivating students’ reasoning ability, focusing on dynamic context and finding relevance. At last the paper puts forwards several points of relevance theory and attempts to find effective solutions to apply them in the reading process.

Community education curriculum is the basic way and main carrier to promote community education. With the continuous development of community education, the development of community education curriculum has changed from a comprehensive mobilization to a critical stage of optimization and upgrading. Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, started early in the practical exploration of community education, and has accumulated rich experience in the development of community education curriculum. Based on the purpose of improving the development ability of community education curriculum, this paper takes Changzhou, Jiangsu Province as an example, referring to the practical experience of Shanghai and other places, mainly analyzes and discusses the current situation of the development of community education curriculum in China by using the methods of documentation and interview, and finds out the existing problems in the development of community education curriculum. Problems such as team building, demand analysis, content quality, standards and so on. After thinking, the paper finally explores five solutions to promote the development of community education curriculum, including stimulating the vitality of curriculum development by pooling resources, paying attention to learners'needs by highlighting the key points of curriculum design, strengthening the norms by formulating curriculum construction standards, and refinement of management by establishing curriculum screening mechanism and designing a course quality evaluation tool.

Long ignored in the teaching of foreign languages, the song is considered, even today, as a too insignificant genre to be seriously studied. So, what songs the teacher can present to students and what can he do with them? In our paper we try to present an activity of understanding and exploitation of a French authentic sound document: «Avoir trente ans» (“Being thirty years”), composed and performed by the famous French singer and songwriter – Yves Duteil. The song is a whole, an ensemble of music, words and performing, which are combined, closely bound. Beyond the grammatical meaning, everything in the song helps us perceive and perform it. By leaning on the text of the song, the students are led to enter the “world” of the text by the guided and progressive identification of grammatical and lexical elements, in order to understand its significant structure and decipher the deep message of the author. The song helps the students directly take over, by themselves, the text of the song, in order to express and communicate, in a creative way, the emotions and feelings that it gave birth into them, from a listening situation. Thus, it would be desirable to choose songs which suggest an atmosphere or express an engagement (ideological, amorous, etc.) which provokes emotions, feelings or sensations that we would like to be communicated. Activities and games of type we present in the paper seem to give encouraging results to develop the desire of talking and communicating in the classroom.

E-assessment was introduced to overcome some of the limitations in paper-test assessment methods. Educational institutions have become more interested in adopting E-assessment, especially in classes with large numbers of students. This paper investigates the factors that influence Saudi academics to accept E-assessment, in order to give a clear picture for institutions before adopting E-assessment. A Model of Acceptance of E-assessment (MAE) has been developed [1] built from the existing theories and models of acceptance and use of information and communication technology (ICT) and other related studies. In previous stage of this study interviews with experts in Saudi Universities were conducted to refine the factors in MAE [2], and a questionnaire was then distributed to confirm the interview results. In the next stage of the study, another questionnaire was distributed to all academics in Saudi universities to evaluate the factors and find the most affecting factors on academics’ intention and to examine the relationships between these factors using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis. Finally, the SEM results were explored by focus group discussions, among ten Saudi academics. The results show that Attitude was the most affecting factor that had an impact on Saudi academics’ behavioural intention to accept E-assessment, followed by Subjective Norm, while Perceived Behavioural Control had no effect on their intention to accept E-assessment. Compatibility was found to have the most impact on Attitude, followed by Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness, while Awareness of E-assessment had no effect on Attitude. Superior Influence had a strong influence on Subjective Norm, and only Self-Efficacy had an impact on Perceived Behavioural Control. Age was also examined as a moderating factor that might affect the relationships between Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioural Control and Behavioural Intention. The findings revealed that age had a positive and direct effect on the relationship between Attitude and Behavioural Intention, whereas it was found to have a low influence, on the relationship of Subjective Norm and Behavioural Intention.

In this paper, the foreign language teaching using movies is discussed under the constructivism theory. The movie has its characteristics in the foreign language teaching, especially in improving students' interest for foreign language learning, their ability and in understanding the social situation. In this paper, the method about how to arrange teaching activities using movies is presented.

In the proceeding of attending and having courses, the issue of moral education is ignored for college students. Chinese college students are supposed to attach more importance to the development of gratitude and moral education. First of all, the current situation of moral education is in the state of lacking and governments and colleges should raise their attention. What is more, this paper analyzes the reasons about the current situation in terms of parents, schools and teachers, and social atmosphere. Especially most family in China, there is the only child and parents always spoil their children, thus they lack the independence and responsibility for the society, which is also affected by the social environment. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the moral education reform in terms of college courses and social practice. Last but not least, the paper discusses and analyzes the law issue on moral education in China, especially for college students.

The paper was on the role of business educators in distance learning in the 21st century: challenges and prospects. Education and technology plays significant role in the progress and development of a nation. Business educators cannot afford to be on the wrong side of the digital era that makes teaching and learning so enjoyable. Therefore, this paper discussed concept of distance learning education; types of ICTs tools used for distance learning; role of educators especially business educators in the 21st century education, challenges of distance education, as well as the prospects. However, the paper concludes with the recommendation which is based on the problems facing distance learning system of Nigeria.

Although teacher education, both pre-and in-service, programs are offered in Nigeria by different teacher education institutions (as provided in the National Policy on Education), and varying degrees of success recorded, various problems still confront the program with far reaching consequences in Nigeria’s educational system. This paper talks about the need for teacher education, the ideal teacher education, teacher education and national development, analyses the historical contexts of the teacher education reforms and development in Nigeria with emphasis on the roles of the Christian missions, the colonial administration and that of the Nigerian government after independence. It examines key recommendations of two commissions (Phelps Stokes and Ashby) and their implications to the reform and development of teacher education in Nigeria both during colonial era and after independence. The paper further discusses the influence of these and other reforms in shaping teacher education in Nigeria, the challenges still facing it, and finally suggests solutions and a holistic approach to better the lots of teacher education in Nigeria.

The main purpose of technical vocational education and training TVET is to provide skilled manpower in applied science, engineering technology and commerce to operate, maintain and sustain the Nation’s economic activities for rapid socio-economic development. TVET is a correlate to teaching practical skills. Because of the target audience of this type of education, it has become imperative to examine the new dimensions in instructional and training strategies from the perspectives of General Education and Training. In doing this, the paper focus on the following: TVET Path, Sourcing materials for instruction in TVET, Materials from Conventional Sources such as: print-based materials, video-based, Workshop/Laboratory, Sourcing from e-book materials through UNESCO-Nigeria TVET Project. It also looked at integrating ICT with TVET systems such as: Computer, networking and communication technology applications, Instructional materials/packages, Resource utilization for effective instructional delivery, Developing training assessment strategies and competency needs. The paper also took cognizance of the fact that teaching and instruction in each TVET course units has its prescribed resources to be utilized during instruction/teaching session and should be done using any of the appropriate multimedia gadgets in collaboration with industry linkages. The paper emphasized that the learning environment whether conventional classrooms or virtual should determine instructional materials sourcing and utilization and that Government should intensify effort in funding of TVET project by ensuring budget adequacy and funding to help develop TVET institutions. It recommends amongst others that: Promoters of UNESCO-Nigeria TVET Project should engage community and industry as significant players in TVET. It concludes that it is only when there is adequate funding that TVET Centers and Institutions can employ trained trainers, support them in updating and upgrading their skills, purchase most appropriate teaching facilities/materials, and instructional technology for practical on- the- job and hands-activities training.

Since the term China English was ever proposed, debates on it have never suspended in the academic world concerned. Nevertheless, both scholars in the PRC and abroad maintain that China English has become an objective existence. Within the framework of a review of the literature sources pertaining to this localized language phenomenon, this article distinguishes China English with another analogous terminology Chinese English, and adduces the salient linguistic features of the former at four levels (phonology, lexis, syntax, and discourse). Drawing upon the analytical synthesis of the generic attributes of China English, the paper then extracts pedagogical implications to inform EFL teaching in mainland China. The paper closes with a proposal of some tentative suggestions for future research in this realm.

This paper is organized into three main sections. In the first section, theories and related research on rhetorical patterns are reviewed. The second section analyzes and discusses the rhetorical patterns demonstrated in the essays of ESL learners in China and Canada. The paper is ended with a third section that discusses the implications of this research for the future studies and the teaching of ESL writing.

This paper considers students’ attitudes towards e-reading. The author presents the results of a studyconducted from 2003 to 2012 among students atNicolaus Copernicus University that examined students’ attitudes towards electronic resources. The studyutilized the results of other researchers. The results of the study indicate that despite the increasing availability of electronic publications on the Polish market, they are not becoming more popular among students, at least not among those students that comprised the researched group. This is undoubtedly connected with the respondents’ modest reading needs, which are being insufficiently developed at Polish schools. After the reforms of 1999, Polish education has focused solely on test-driven examinations of students’ knowledge and abilities. The results of the research presented in this paper unambiguously indicate that interest in online magazines, as well as digital libraries in which the holdings are becoming more and more extensive, is decreasing.

Given the several problems faced by developing countries on their struggle to access print-based publications, digital libraries are seen as the great hope as they enable access to a vast panoply of resources, anytime and anywhere. However, building such libraries in developing countries is a real challenge since these countries usually face several difficulties, such as low computer and Internet penetration rates, poor ICT infrastructures, lack of qualified human resources, lack of financial resources, etc. Thus, it is imperative finding alternative mechanisms of building and accessing digital libraries that best fit the specificities of these countries. It is also important to understand how digital libraries are used in these contexts. This paper features the process used for building a digital library in a developing country, characterized by scarce access to print-based publications and serious difficulties in accessing ICT resources. The challenges, the solutions and the adopted methodological framework are highlighted and can be useful for other digital library projects in the developing world. The paper also presents a comparative study on the usage of the created digital library when compared with a traditional library with the same content, and introduces a user study on the possibility of using mobile phones for accessing digital libraries in this context.

Strengthening college students' mental health education is an important content of comprehensively promoting quality-oriented education, an important segment of cultivating high-quality talents, and an important task of strengthening and improving college students' ideological education. Developing mental health education for college students has become one of the deepening educational work in recent years. The class of mental health education is the main way of mental health education in colleges and universities. In order to play its role, it is necessary to think about the teaching content, teaching methods and teaching approaches based on the growth rules and ideological characteristics of college students and the actual needs of students. On the basis of studying the characteristics of college students' mental health education course, we adopted participatory teaching. Involving students in setting teaching objectives, preparing lessons, enriching teaching resources, participating in the teaching process and teaching evaluation can enhance the subjectivity of students, meet the students’ diverse needs, help to improve students’ learning state and enhance their psychological quality. This paper elaborates the application of participatory teaching in college students’ mental health education class, analyzes in depth how to carry out teaching and the precautions in teaching, and probes into the guarantee conditions for participatory teaching to play its role in college students' mental health education.

In this text, we develop reflections on some aspects of the work of the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire (1921-2021) in its original context, as well as relating it to the broader context of current educational scenarios. In our reading, we call attention to the fact that, while considering broader social issues, Paulo Freire has always paid close attention to local matters in the development of his educational work. This positioning allowed him to better understand the different realities of his students and, consequently, provide him with the possibility of developing different ways of building the teaching and learning process according to each with which context he worked. Our paper points to the perspective that, in a world affected by the consequences and results of the COVID-19 pandemic, Paulo Freire’s work can aid everyone involved in the educational process to reflect more deeply on their local realities, at the same time that it allows for taking into account broader perspectives on the pedagogical practice. Although his work has not had to deal directly with situations such as teaching via the internet, we can relate his educational perspectives and experiences to this teaching reality so that we can act critically in our educational practices in the multiples educational contexts that we work and reflect upon as teachers.

The ideas of ‘sustainable development’ and ‘sustainability’ have been endorsed to report worldwide public, economic and environmental tasks, together with insistent forms of absolute poverty and various forms of social and economic inequality (UNESCO, 2009b). Education is important so as to develop the opportunities and autonomies of all people. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a forceful idea that integrates a new vision of education that discoveries to give power for the people of all years to assume the accountability for creating, innovating and enjoying a sustainable future. The study was focused on investigating the Education for Sustainable Development in the Ethiopian context. The methodology of the study was document analysis. The documents were a selection of currently published scholarly papers in peer-reviewed journals addressing. Ethiopian education system had left the rich literary heritage such as the alphabet and useful resources. And the current Ethiopian education arrangement was suffering from complicated problems. The main problems were related to the issues of relevance, quality, equity, and access. And it is criticized because of many factors that are lack of conducive environment and large classroom size. That plays a pivotal role in quality education in Ethiopia. Within the framework specified in the Education and Training Policy and Strategy (ETPS), the state calculated the Education Sector Development Program (ESDP), which is a long range-rolling Design with a focus on the comprehensive improvement of education over a twenty-year period.

From the time when human beings entered the civilized society, fierce competition took place among people, between countries, in the political field, economic field, cultural field, population field and so on. No matter what form appeared, these competitions were realized based on higher education. As the leader of primary education, secondary education and vocational education, higher education plays the role of "fuel", "power" and "accelerator" in the modernization of any country. Higher education institutions have trained a large number of highly educated and high-quality talents, and these highly educated talents have become pioneers and leaders in the economic development of various countries and regions. At the same time, higher education promotes the construction of high-quality scientific research institutions, and researchers quickly transform scientific research achievements and effective patents into products and enter the market, thus promoting the global economic development. In this paper, the importance of higher education and its historical origin, which first appeared in the world, in the development of human society is thoroughly demonstrated, so as to prove the practical significance that the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in China must quickly form a higher education cluster.

South African poetry has found its place in many parts of the world. Topics such as racism, discrimination and issues resulting from the past of South Africa, have all found themselves in South African literary journals and anthologies. One of the achievements of the South African poet has been finding a place for the disadvantaged group/s of South Africa, the group/s that have suffered through the past and present South Africa. However, through all the major South African journals and literary collections, the voice and life of the Coloured individual has been left out and overlooked. More importantly, this has resulted in the Coloured individuals of South Africa not knowing their place in the poetry world. More specifically, because they are not reading about their cultural power in poetry, they tend to believe that poetry is not for the Coloured culture and language. In this paper I intend to show that there has been a lack of place in poetry for the Coloured individual, and furthermore, to show that there is a place for the Coloured story and culture in poetry. As a result, what will be shown is the effect that the Coloured voice will have on South African poetry, and how it will benefit a large portion of the South African population.

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has gained significant momentum in Higher Education (HE) over the last decade in North America. It offers considerable potential to achieve the inclusion of diverse students in the HE classroom. It is a unique approach, first because it shifts the instructor mindset away from medical model practices, and second because it allows the development of inclusive practices that address the needs of the full spectrum of diverse learners. As a result of this growing interest, there have been implementation efforts within a wide range of disciplines and settings in post-secondary education. The time has come, however, to identify the challenges that remain, to seek appropriate solutions, and to develop strategic direction to shape UDL adoption for the next decade. This paper draws on phenomenological data collected by the author on his own practice through a process of auto-ethnography. This data emerges from three dimensions of the author’s practice: his past role as manager of an accessibility unit, as well as his current role as UDL consultant within HE, and faculty member exploring UDL in his own teaching. The chapter identifies remaining challenges, explores solutions, and frames a vision for what UDL development might look like in HE over the next decade.

The article focuses on the significance of the methodological knowledge as a foundation of any scientific research, in which the function of the research tools is performed by methodological approaches. The concept and the logic of the pedagogical research were based on the requirements of the general methodology and the specific one, the philosophical principle of the universal relationship and a complex of theoretical methods, viz.: the method of the study of scientific literature, the method of citation, the method of analysis, the method of generalization, and the method of historically conditioned philosophical analysis. In the process of studying the scientific literature, analysing the methodological positions of the leading scientists, citing their papers, it was found that the role of the interdisciplinary approach to the study of complex systems becomes more important at the present stage of the development of science; the essence of the interdisciplinary research in the field of education was revealed and the relevance of that research was substantiated as an indicator of the above field's qualitatively new level of development; it was proved that education needs a change in the specifics of the pedagogical research towards a fuller application of the interdisciplinary methodology. The application of the historically conditioned philosophical analysis has made it possible to find out the historic roots of the phenomenon of the emotional intelligence and to analyse its essential substance in the ontological and epistemological aspects. As an object of the psychological analysis, the emotional intelligence is represented as a complex psychic entity, whose scientific status is defined as a new type of cognitive capabilities based on the unity of the cognitive-affective processes of the human psyche. In the context of the social aspect, it has been established that the emotional intelligence belongs to the general structure of the social intelligence, whose characteristic feature is the efficiency of the interpersonal communication. The pedagogical aspect of the study of the emotional intelligence is outlined by various contexts. It has been concluded that the formation of the emotional intelligence of a future teacher of musical art as a professionally significant quality should be investigated in an interdisciplinary aspect for the purpose of obtaining a complete and comprehensive characterization of that phenomenon.

This paper reflects on the moral education at preschool age, focusing on the particularities of teaching moral and social values very early. It starts by rendering problematic the social and moral dimensions of education nowadays in a volatile context in which ideals and values need to be redefined. Learning and teaching are considered in relation to age characteristics and purposes of education. It draws on the ideas of Maria Montessori on the absorbent mind and on the discipline and independence issues. The reflective process has its starting point in two research studies conducted with two groups of preschool children which aimed at investigating the preferences for modern or classic stories, the characters children are fond of and the reasons for their attachment. Surprising results determined us to reflect again on how children learn personal, social and moral ways of being and behaving, on the way traditional and alternative education address this area, and finally on the reasons classic stories are regarded as highly effective on teaching moral and social values to very young learners. It concludes that in order to accept and follow moral rules children need to understand them first. Classic stories offer teachers/parents/educators the chance to present these in an attractive manner, without being scholastic or dogmatic. Characteristics of the stories make them respond to children’s psychological needs, turn into effective tools for moral education and tranced time.

In this paper we investigate the case of gifted children and their position in the field of education. Many definitions have been given to gifted children (from a national, special pedagogical, functional or illustrative point of view) and even the word «charisma», as it is characteristically called, was acknowledged as a term after a 34-year-effort. Various scientists, such as Renzulli, Gardner, and Heller, tried to approach and define charisma and charismatic children. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of gifted children, the difficulties they encounter in each level, the causes of the difficulties and the kind of education for these children. The practices of differentiated teaching and flexible curriculum are criticized for the difficulty of evaluating their application throughout the educational process on gifted children. In conclusion, gifted children or students with high skills need respect and treatment not as a minority nor with an elitist mentality. The desideratum is to find out how many children need adapted education, whether they have a high level of perceptiveness or not. If they can acquire knowledge through a tailored to their needs, interdisciplinary, material-enriched kind of education along with a suitable prior Curriculum adaptation, then the education will be effective as it will manage to cover their needs.

In recent years, with the advancement of information and intelligence, the importance of network and information security is increasingly prominent, and it has been the focus of the government, education institutions and society on how to cultivate applied cybersecurity talents. However, due to the lack of practical application scenarios and effective practical teaching methods, the cultivation of network and information security talents in school does not match the social demand for applied talents. By setting up “Cybersecurity Technology Service Center”, Wenzhou Polytechnic has built a cybersecurity talent cultivation ecosystem of college, government and enterprises with complementary advantages, demand docking and win-win cooperation, creating an environment for training applied network and information security talents. This paper explores the operation mode of the simultaneous development of technical services and talent training, assist customized talents training with localized technical services, and guarantee localized technical services with customized talents training, so as to promote professional skills flow from enterprises to schools and skilled talents flow from schools to enterprises in a two-way cycle. As a result, we should deepen the integration of industry and education, cultivate talents with dual cooperation, continuously optimize the ecology of talent training, and cultivate application-oriented cybersecurity talents with vocational education characteristics, who are in line with the post standards of enterprises.

The world constant change calls for a more rapid growth in the intellectual and emotional aspect of every individual. English, as a global language requires most of the learners to be more acquainted with the utilization of English language. This paper focused on the use of Communicative Approach in Teaching Afro-Asian Literature and the performance of Grade 8 students. The study tested the acceptability of the instructional module in terms of its content, relevance and instructional quality that turns out to be highly acceptable. The researchers used experimental method of research to the 68 participants who were randomly selected from the Grade 8 students of Telafas National High School and were grouped into experimental and control groups. Findings revealed that students from the control group performed poor in their pre-test and fair in their post-test, while the experimental group performed poor in the pre-test and their performance turned into outstanding after the integration of Communicative Approach. These results were further analyzed with the use of t-test; it statistically showed that there is a significant difference between the mean gain score of the control and experimental group which revealed that the experimental group improved better and learned much on the use of communicative approach than the control group.

Advanced communication technology has facilitated an exponential growth in online education for decades. High dropout rates in online learning have also posted a challenge to higher education institutions. Higher education leaders search for ways to improve student retention and graduation rates. As countless research revealed, student engagement is a key ingredient in keeping students connected with the course and their learning progress. Instructors have a significant role in student engagement. Timely, substantive instructor’s feedback facilitates learning, improves student performance, and supports student retention. Feedback given from instructors plays a vital role in student’s learning and satisfaction in the online learning environment. Satisfied students are likely to continue their studies and succeed academically. Overall, student engagement is a critical approach to keep students in the program until graduation. In this paper, a quantitative study investigates student engagement and student satisfaction in an online undergraduate program in health care administration. The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of student engagement from the first-year and senior-year students as well as the correlation between student engagement and student satisfaction. As it is expected, the results derived from this study espouse the discoveries from a myriad of previous research studies. Recommendations, limitations, and future research are also discussed.

This paper is a part of the preparations work made by Chinese National Working Committee for UNESCO on ESD to welcome and participate in the world ESD Conference (2021) to be held in Berlin. The purpose of this study is to review China's experience in implementing GAPESD, and to put forward suggestions to the international community to continue to promote ESD in the next 10 years. In the process of summing up the experience of GAP implementation in the first five years, the expert group has conducted an investigation in more than 300 ESD experimental school principals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Inner Mongolia and other regions. In writing the relevant suggestions, we have listened to the opinions of more than 10 experts from universities and research departments. Since 2015, the expert team of Chinese National Working Committee for UNESCO on ESD and a large number of principals, teachers, education experts, social personages and administrative leaders at all levels all over the country have completed 10 main tasks of theoretical research and practical exploration for the implementation of UNESCO Global Action Programme (GAP) on ESD. According to the guidance of Chinese government on promoting sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, and the important spirit of the document Education for Sustainable Development: Towards achieving the SDGs (2020-2030) issued by UNESCO, the expert team summarized achievements of promoting ESD in China in the past five years and made suggestions for international community to scale up ESD in the next 10 years.

Learning autonomy is a hot research topic in the field of foreign language education in recent years. It emphasizes that learners should learn to manage their own learning process in order to improve their autonomous learning ability. Even though scholars have different understandings about learner autonomy, they all agree that promoting learner autonomy is an important goal of foreign language education. For English major students in China, there is a great necessity to cultivate their learning autonomy due to the rapid development of information society, the goal of modern foreign language education, the particularity of language learning, and even the individual differences between language learners. However, the status quo of Chinese English major students’ learning autonomy is worrying. They not only lack the awareness of learning autonomy, but also lack the abilities of interaction and cooperation. Furthermore, they have a poor use of language learning strategies and poor abstract thinking ability and self-control. Based on the necessity and status quo of English major students’ learning autonomy in China, this paper puts forward many measures for cultivating English majors’ autonomous learning abilities. From the perspective of school education system and environment, measures like giving English teachers greater autonomy in teaching, the reform of graded teaching for English majors, and establishing autonomous learning centers for English major students are recommended. From the perspective of teachers and classroom teaching, the measures include improvement of English teachers’ awareness of learning autonomy, the change of English classroom teaching model, and guidance and training of systematic learning strategies. From the perspective of students and extracurricular learning, the following measures can be taken, which are strengthening of students’ awareness of being independent, effective use of various learning resources and cooperative learning, and being a reflective learner.

The ability to communicate effectively in English remains one of the well-established goals in English Language teaching. The essential interactive nature is the key to communicative competence. Given the fact that Chinese students learn English in an EFL setting, classroom language teaching becomes all the more valuable. Intensive reading course has been considered one of the comprehensive courses and a must for college students for decades in China. This paper, based on a quantitative research which offers a glimpse of the current situation of Intensive Reading Teaching in China, first addresses the role of language teacher and that of students in an interactive classroom and then addresses the significance of the application of interactive approach to the college Intensive Reading class, and finally proposes some feasible approaches to the language classroom teaching to better facilitate students’ learning and use of foreign language by providing a sample class for illustration.

The main source of diversity in engineering education usually is the distinct level of motivation, which sometimes causes lack of engagement. Working in motivated teams is likely to enhance the overall performance of the whole group. The aim of this paper is to find the best composition of teams in practical activities proposed in the classroom for engineering students to enhance team motivation. The experience with a group of Civil Engineering students at the University of West London is presented as a case study. This group was very diverse in the level of individual motivation. In this experiment, the whole group was split in two subgroups, and each one divided in teams of 3 people. For one of the subgroups, the distribution in teams was forced by the lecturer, while for the second one the students were allowed to freely distribute themselves. All teams were requested to solve a practical activity, consisting of the classification of several soils according to three different systems, based on experimental data equally provided to all the students. The different results obtained for both configurations of teams show an overall better performance for the “forced” composition, with a higher level of student satisfaction on the activity and on their achieved learning.

Student affairs professionals and those who work with students directly know in their hearts that students learn in the co-curricular arena. Unfortunately, they do not always have a way to show that to others. Once learning outcomes have been developed, the appropriate assessment measures have to be developed because stakeholders are interested in what students are able to do in college as well as what they will do when they enter the work world. Many of the skills that employers want are the very skills that student affairs professionals teach students, such as communication, problem solving, and working with others who are different from themselves. In this current environment, there are calls for student learning assessment and documentation, both in and out of the classroom. Professional associations (ACPA, 2006; ACPA/NASPA, 2010) recognize the importance of student affairs professionals’ ability to assess student learning using multiple methods. Direct and Indirect Measures of measurements are used in this study to measure learning especially leadership skills and competencies. The paper will introduce examples of how these direct and indirect measures, namely a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview respectively, were implemented and how the results were obtained and analyzed showing evidence of learning. This research and data gleaned will make student leadership learning in higher education more robust, especially in a Singapore context.

Motivation plays a significant role in second language acquisition and teaching. Though it has been studied for decades both by practitioners and researchers, the author still finds that the major research centers on studying motivation of learning and acquiring the language, particularly, the English; while ignoring another opposite perspective: demotivation of language learning. Based on the literature review, the investigation on demotivation factors started very late both at home and abroad in academia thus producing few achievements so far. Due to this research gap, the writer thinks that the study on demotivation of L2 learning and acquisition should be expanded further. Therefore, this paper explores the demotivation factors on learning English among students from vocational education sector by interviewing nine participants from a higher vocational college in Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province in the People’s Republic of China. Through analyzing their responses and learning situations via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, the author concludes that teachers’ factors on learners’ demotivation are decreasing while issues including lack of learning strategies, lower learning aptitude, previous unpleasant learning experience, and out-of-dated textbooks are turning to be the main causes for students’ demotivation in learning English in the context of higher vocational education. At last, the writer proposes some coping strategies for teaching practice, such as building up students’ self-confidence and innovating the current textbook, etc. Moreover, the relevant studies in various contexts should be conducted in the future for enriching the existing literature and giving inspiration to teaching practitioners.

At present, smart mobile classroom is becoming more and more popular, and the research progress of game based learning is constantly promoted, It provides favorable conditions for the combination of game learning and smart mobile classroom. On the basis of defining the concepts of game based learning and smart mobile classroom, the combination of the two is proposed. This paper proposes a framework of smart mobile classroom design in the view of game learning, and takes the English natural spelling course of distance education as an example to realize the design of the framework, and answers the questions of "how to combine the mobile terminal of smart classroom with the game learning classroom" and "how to establish the smart mobile classroom teaching mode based on game learning".

Due to the rapid development of computer, network and data processing, computational thinking (CT) ability has played an important element for talent cultivation in the era of big data since it came out. As computer foundation course, Data Analysis Courses has a certain degree of fit with computational thinking training. In order to cultivate computational thinking, our team tried to integrate computational thinking into computer basic courses. To begin with, this paper analyzes the convergence of Data Analysis Courses and computational thinking, and puts forward the instructional design of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) data analysis course from the perspective of computational thinking. Then based on the problem-based learning, the instructional design is carried out from three levels: comprehension and understanding, simple application and comprehensive application. Finally, aiming at improving students’ CT ability, the teaching activities are designed progressively in computational thinking knowledge, CT skills, CT consciousness and CT strategy. Based on the above work, we carried out the Data Analysis course for the development of computational thinking. After a semester of practice, the results demonstrates that the teaching model proposed in this article enhances the students' CT ability significantly, and Data Analysis Courses is of great significance to the cultivation of students' CT.

Errors are inevitable by-products of learning. Resource utilization of errors was to turn this raw material into the education resource. We transformed them by the observation, analysis, discussion, exploration and some other activities among teachers and students. However, according to the current papers concerning this field, we did have many problems. This essay gathered big data of 2228 students who took simulative biology exam in the New College Entrance Examination in March 2017, organized by Ningbo Education Bureau. This essay try to accurately analyze, classify and locate all kinds of errors made by students, and put forward relevant methods and strategies dealing with different types of errors. Mainly analyzing the scores and typical errors, this essay divided the common errors students made in biology exam into three types: reviewing errors, knowledge errors and thinking errors. And the knowledge errors were divided into conceptual errors, applicatory errors and inquiry errors. Aiming at these three error types as well as group errors, this essay put forward relevant solutions. Teachers should judge, screen, sort out and refine these errors tactfully, and make efforts to design targeted and tailored solutions. Students may make a variety of mistakes of diverse types or natures; therefore, teachers should deal with them with different priorities and methods.

The education evaluation agencies will undertake education evaluation task and will form principal-agent relationships with the governments with the separation reform of supervision, running and evaluation in China. Because of bounded rationality and information asymmetry, it was already a big problem to avoid the moral hazard of an education evaluation agency in a principal-agent relationship involving only one principal and one agent. In reality, the principal-agent relationship is often more complicated. Of particular concern is that the situation of “one principal–multiple agents” in the evaluation of higher education has emerged. The coexistence of “multiple” education evaluation agencies, such as the official agencies, the semi-official agencies, the agencies affiliated with the university, and the third-party agencies, has taken shape. By using critical discourse analysis, this study attempts to argue that avoiding the moral hazard of higher education evaluation under the “multi-agent” mode becomes a research issue that must be squarely addressed. The paper concluded that in “multi-agent” mode, although the possibility of implied moral hazard in higher education evaluation increases, if the “relative performance” evaluation mechanism can be understood and effective measures can be taken, not only will it not lead to the consequences of moral hazard being more difficult to avoid, but it will greatly enhance the effectiveness of the avoidance of moral hazard. The conclusion has important reference significance on how to effectively use the “multi-agent” mode to avoid the moral hazard of higher education evaluation.

The study aimed to know the contributions of the institutions of higher education in the public acceptance of students, and to what extent can meet the wishes of many students with different disciplines. The study relied on the descriptive statistical method, which was also based on inductive and deductive analysis. The data form was time series during the period from 2005 to 2015. The most important hypotheses are the answer to the question whether the institutions of higher education contributed to public acceptance compared to governmental institutions. The paper also answered some questions. Are more universities and colleges open according to strategic plans? The study reached the most important results, including: 1. The expansion of institutions of higher education was a necessity dictated by social pressures and political payments. 2. Increasing the number of students who have a secondary school certificate continuously, and who are looking for institutions of higher education to complete their university studies even if this type of education is required outside the country. 3. The necessity of university qualification regardless of the requirement to obtain a job4. The National Council for Higher Education and Scientific Research explained that the increasing social demand for higher education requires the establishment of more educational institutions to reach reasonable levels of absorption for the age group 18-24 years. The most important recommendations are: 1. Continue to expand governmental and non-governmental higher education institutions to meet the needs of the labor market in order to prepare distinguished graduates who have post-graduate jobs. 2. Strategic planning of the State at all levels and the development of strategic plans must be in line with the objectives and objectives of the Supreme Council for Strategic Planning. 3. Interested in recruiting graduates of agricultural colleges and other theoretical colleges.

Background With the increasing scale of the enrollment of the graduate students, the mental health problems of the postgraduates is becoming more and more prominent. The traditional method of mental health education does not seem to meet the needs of the mental health education in the new media age. Mental health workers in colleges and universities need to explore new ways to transform the challenges brought by the new media era into opportunities. Methods The paper studies the opportunity and challenge brought by the arrival of WeChat in the post-graduate mental health education through the literature analysis. Results The results indicated that (1) The lack of the system of post-graduate mental health education; (2) the relative lagging of the related research of the post-graduate mental health education; (3) the research tools and methods of the post-graduate mental health education are single. Conclusion (1) The popularization of WeChat in the postgraduates, the extension of the function of WeChat and the strengthening of the internationalization level have made WeChat a new way of education for educators. (2) To carry out the post-graduate mental health education, should adapt to this trend as soon as possible, make use of the function of WeChat as soon as possible, and continuously explore the innovative methods of effective postgraduate mental health education, including the use of the function of WeChat, and improve the "micro" of the mental health educators. By using the micro-mail public platform, the mental health knowledge is regularly pushed, and the hierarchical network of the WeChat mental health education is constructed.

This paper examined how parents’ socio-economic status determined students’ performance in English language in Tanzania secondary schools. Two research questions and two research objectives guided the study. The study was conducted in two randomly selected Regions in Tanzania Mainland. It employed a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from 350 students in sixteen secondary schools. Data was collected through a questionnaire and achievement tests and was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics to get frequencies, means, percentages, as well as Pearson’s correlation and regression coefficients. It was found that students in Tanzania secondary schools had varying backgrounds in English language, which was determined by the type of primary school they had attended and the class at which they started to learn English language. The regularity of English language usage at home and school enhanced students’ performance in English language together with parents’ encouragement as well as material and moral support. It is recommended that parents’ socio-economic status should not inhibit learners’ exposure to English language learning. Also, parents, schools and government should protract English language teaching and learning through providing current textbooks as well as providing a favourable environment to learn and use English.

Mental sub-health problems are common among college students, and the existing mental health education in universities can no longer meet the needs. Reading therapy has been applied to mental health treatment for a long time. The purpose of this study is to explore the advantages, measures and effects of reading therapy for college students, and to provide references for education mental health of college students. The research methods in this paper include theoretical analysis and practical verification. The researcher analyzed three advantages of reading therapy for college students, less time and space limitations, wider group coverage, and privacy protection. The researcher analyzed the specific measures of reading therapy for college students, opening the reading treatment site, expanding the types of reading books and setting up the reading treatment group. The researcher conducted practical verification in Jiangsu University, conducted reading treatment experiments on 74 college students, obtained data with SCL scale, and completed SPSS statistical analysis. The result showed that the SCL scale data of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the curative effect was significant. The conclusion of the study is that reading therapy combined with specific measures can effectively carry out mental health education in college students.

With the rapid development of network technology, it is inevitable that educational resources will be online and open. Since the first year of the 2012 US massive open online courses (MOOC), many countries have been committed to quality MOOC courses. As one of the three major university MOOC platforms, the Chinese university MOOC platform has been attracting the excellent courses of famous universities in mainland China and Taiwan after four years of development since its opening in 2014. This paper uses the literature method, data statistics method, content analysis method and other research methods to analyze the colleges and universities, course types, courses and contents, teaching methods, number of students selected, etc. of the Chinese university MOOC platform, and summarizes the characteristics of free resource sharing, micro-course design, learning behavior control, and interaction. It points out that there are fewer special courses in the famous schools, the repetition of courses, the lack of practical courses, the fragmentation of knowledge points, the single form of micro-courses, and the lack of depth and breadth of discussion. The article puts forward some suggestions for the school of MOOC curriculum development, the teachers who started the course, and the MOOC platform of the Chinese university. Suggestions for schools are: optimizing MOOC courses, improving course quality, strengthening practical curriculum development, multi-school collaboration and other proposals; the recommendations for MOOC course teachers are: reorganizing knowledge systems, strengthening practical applications, and improving picture quality big data analysis of students' learning behaviors and other suggestions; suggestions for Chinese university MOOC platform are: expanding platform functions, coordinating curriculum construction, big data sharing, etc. Article is intended to cause schools, teachers, and the importance of MOOC platform management curriculum development, improve the quality of MOOC courses to stimulate learner motivation through MOOC course of study, enhance the comprehensive literacy learners, play high-quality MOOC courses promote fairness in education.

It is the essential premise and basis of promoting school emotional quotient (EQ) education to explore and formulate scientific EQ educational curriculum system. “Social and Emotional Learning” (SEL) is an educational program aiming to enhance students' EQ and social skills proposed by American scholars, which has been widely implemented and promoted in developed countries such as Europe and America. This paper testified the actual influence of SEL on Undergraduates’ EQ cultivation by experimental study on the object of undergraduates students. There were 57 participants and 29 in the control group. Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) was administered before and after intervention. After a semester of social and emotional learning courses, the EQ level of the experimental group was significantly improved. Five dimensions which P