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This study examines the effects of the geographical distance between adult offspring and their elderly parents on their support provided to their parents in rural China. Monetary and non-monetary support is closely related to the physical and psychological well-being of the elderly. Three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are used to identify a causal effect of the location of the adult offspring on outcomes such as financial transfers to the parents and provision of emotion/physical support. We find that the effects vary with the type of support. The effect of geographical distance on financial support sent by adult children to elderly parents shows a semi-inverted ‘U-shaped’ trend that first increases and then slowly decreases. The frequency of visit by the adult child to elderly parents decreases significantly as distance increase. Further analysis examines the heterogeneity of these effects. The paper combines theoretical and empirical evidence to illustrate how adult children make use of their limited time and money to provide parental support when they migrate different distances from home. Accepted version

Capacity constraints have major effects on restaurant competition. This article captures the impact of capacity constraints on quality and quantity competition of restaurant industry by employing a two-stage asymmetric capacity constraints model. There are several findings from this study. First, results of this study indicate that reputation difference increases total outputs and quality in equilibrium. Second, capacity constraints decrease the consumer surplus (CS) as well as social welfare (SW), but restaurants benefit from capacity constraints sometimes. Third, capacity reduces both the quality and quantity of the competitor. Furthermore, restaurants raise their prices if consumers are quality-sensitive or lower the quality if consumers are price-sensitive under capacity constraints. Fourth, this study compares the total quality, CS, and SW under four cases: no restaurant faces constraints, small restaurant faces constraints, big restaurant faces constraints, and both small and big restaurants face constraints. The total quality investment, CS, and SW are highest if a small restaurant faces capacity constraints while the larger one does not.