1. Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson
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Hélène Morlon, Daniel Simberloff, Kenneth F. Rijsdijk, Christophe Thébaud, Elena Conti, Kostas A. Triantis, Ben H. Warren, Fabien L. Condamine, Nicolas Mouquet, Rosemary G. Gillespie, Sietze J. Norder, Luis M. Valente, José María Fernández-Palacios, Isabel Sanmartín, Tomislav Hengl, Dominique Strasberg, Brent C. Emerson, Dominique Gravel, Josselin Cornuault, Juliane Casquet, James Rosindell, Robert E. Ricklefs, Robin Aguilée, Robert J. Whittaker, University of Zurich, Warren, Ben H, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], University of Missouri [St. Louis], University of Missouri System, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), World Soil Information (ISRIC), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics - IBED (NETHERLANDS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), RJB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Essig Museum of Entomology, School of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité), Centre for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), Laboratoire d’Excellence TULIP (ANR-10-LABX-41, ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02), EU Seventh Framework Programme under grant 263958 (RUN-Emerge) and 267243 (Plant Fellows), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aguilée, Robin, Initiative d'excellence - Université Fédérale de Toulouse - - UNITI2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0002 - IDEX - VALID, and Computational Geo-Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
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Insular biogeography ,Speciation ,Population Dynamics ,580 Plants (Botany) ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,Ecological systems theory ,Islands as model systems ,[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Island biogeography ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Islands ,Ecology ,Geography ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Genomics ,Biodiversity ,PE&RC ,Biological Evolution ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany ,Zoogeography ,Social Isolation ,Diversification ,ISRIC - World Soil Information ,Gene Flow ,Genetic Speciation ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,[SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,Genetic algorithm ,[SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Ecosystem ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Institut für Biochemie und Biologie ,Community assembly ,Biogeografía insular ,15. Life on land ,Ecological network ,[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecosystem functioning ,Evolutionary ecology ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,[SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Funcionamiento del ecosistema - Abstract
© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS. The study of islands as model systems has played an important role in the development of evolutionary and ecological theory. The 50th anniversary of MacArthur and Wilson's (December 1963) article, 'An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography', was a recent milestone for this theme. Since 1963, island systems have provided new insights into the formation of ecological communities. Here, building on such developments, we highlight prospects for research on islands to improve our understanding of the ecology and evolution of communities in general. Throughout, we emphasise how attributes of islands combine to provide unusual research opportunities, the implications of which stretch far beyond islands. Molecular tools and increasing data acquisition now permit re-assessment of some fundamental issues that interested MacArthur and Wilson. These include the formation of ecological networks, species abundance distributions, and the contribution of evolution to community assembly. We also extend our prospects to other fields of ecology and evolution - understanding ecosystem functioning, speciation and diversification - frequently employing assets of oceanic islands in inferring the geographic area within which evolution has occurred, and potential barriers to gene flow. Although island-based theory is continually being enriched, incorporating non-equilibrium dynamics is identified as a major challenge for the future., This work was supported by the FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite), through its Centre for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), and the ‘Laboratoire d’Excellence’ TULIP (ANR-10-LABX- 41; ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02). BHW acknowledges funding from the EU Seventh Framework Programme under grant 263958 (RUN-Emerge) and 267243 (Plant Fellows).
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- 2014
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