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Start Over Author "Karl-Heinz Erb" Journal ecological indicators
2 results on '"Karl-Heinz Erb"'

1. Socio-ecological predictors of global patterns in human appropriation of net primary production

Author

David G. Jenkins, Karl-Heinz Erb, and Helmut Haberl

Subjects
IPAT, STIRPAT, HANPP, Anthromes, Primary production, Plant biomass, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Human impacts on natural systems are often analysed using a statistical model based on the 50-year old IPAT concept, where impact (I) is a function of population (P), affluence (A), and technology (T). Varied results have accrued, but problems remain: ecological predictors are not part of the anthropocentric IPAT concept or statistical model; vastly different countries are often treated as statistical replicates; alternative hypotheses are rarely compared; and most studies evaluated only CO2 emissions as impacts. Here we compare alternative mixed-effect models to predict human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) as an indicator of global human impacts at relatively fine scale (5 arc-min grid). Predictors represent anthropocentric (P, A and T) and/or ecological (plant biomass and climate) effects, with countries (N = 168) and/or anthropogenic biomes (anthromes; N = 19) as random effects. The most efficient models predict location and amount of HANPP well (R2 = 0.91 and 0.63, respectively) and use all predictors listed above. In both cases, ecological predictors and population have greatest effects on HANPP, consistent with a general, ecological predator–prey relationship modified by socio-ecological conditions. Global human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems (measured as HANPP) depend on both ecological and socioeconomic factors revealed here. Understanding these relationships is a necessary step toward mitigating human impacts on land.

Published
2022
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2. Natural and socioeconomic determinants of the embodied human appropriation of net primary production and its relation to other resource use indicators

Author

Helmut, Haberl, Julia K, Steinberger, Christoph, Plutzar, Karl-Heinz, Erb, Veronika, Gaube, Simone, Gingrich, and Fridolin, Krausmann

Subjects
TPES, total primary energy supply, NPPh, NPP harvested or destroyed during harvest, Human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP), GDP, gross domestic product, NPP, net primary production, i.e. the yearly biomass production of plants, EF, ecological footprint, NPPact, NPP of the currently prevailing vegetation, NPP0, NPP of potential natural (=undisturbed) vegetation, eHANPP, embodied HANPP, CO2 emissions, Embodied HANPP (eHANPP), Article, HANPP, human appropriation of net primary production, DEC, domestic energy consumption, DMC, domestic material consumption, Cross-country analysis, ΔNPPLC, change in NPP resulting from land conversion (defined as NPP0 − NPPact), Ecological footprint, Socioeconomic metabolism, NPPt, NPP remaining in the ecosystem after harvest
Abstract

Highlights ► Embodied HANPP indicates impacts of biomass consumption on ecological energy flows. ► We performed a cross-country analysis of eHANPP, resource indicators and their drivers. ► Indicators of resource flows are correlated among each other but not with eHANPP. ► Contrary to final biomass consumption, eHANPP is not correlated with GDP. ► Resource endowment (area availability) has a strong effect on per-capita eHANPP., Indicators of resource use such as material and energy flow accounts, emission data and the ecological footprint inform societies about their performance by evaluating resource use efficiency and the effectiveness of sustainability policies. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is an indicator of land-use intensity on each nation's territory used in research as well as in environmental reports. ‘Embodied HANPP’ (eHANPP) measures the HANPP anywhere on earth resulting from a nation's domestic biomass consumption. The objectives of this article are (i) to study the relation between eHANPP and other resource use indicators and (ii) to analyse socioeconomic and natural determinants of global eHANPP patterns in the year 2000. We discuss a statistical analysis of >140 countries aiming to better understand these relationships. We found that indicators of material and energy throughput, fossil-energy related CO2 emissions as well as the ecological footprint are highly correlated with each other as well as with GDP, while eHANPP is neither correlated with other resource use indicators nor with GDP, despite a strong correlation between final biomass consumption and GDP. This can be explained by improvements in agricultural efficiency associated with GDP growth. Only about half of the variation in eHANPP can be explained by differences in national land-use systems, suggesting a considerable influence of trade on eHANPP patterns. eHANPP related with biomass trade can largely be explained by differences in natural endowment, in particular the availability of productive area. We conclude that eHANPP can deliver important complimentary information to indicators that primarily monitor socioeconomic metabolism.

Published
2011

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