Search

The seeding machine operation procedure consists of preparing the place where the seed should be placed, in placing the grain at a certain level below the soil surface in a certain order of arrangement and, finally, in the embedding – this work in large part falls on the share of the colter. The presented operation procedure of the seeder unit provides two main phases: reproduction of the maximum possible uniform feed of seed and its transporting to the colter; preparation of the groove, the required agrotechnical dimensions and distribution of seed material within it, followed by embedding them with soil. At the first phase of the seeding procedure, the issues of the outflow of seed material and its travel through the “seed tube - colter” system are relevant, and for the second phase, it is necessary to investigate the deformations of the soil layer reproduced by the colters, which is extremely necessary to select conditions that ensure uniform distribution of seed along the length and width of the row and at the desired depth. The article analyzes the investigation results by various authors devoted to the study of the stability of the depth of the opener stroke, its balance, and on their basis, analytical dependences are obtained.

The research aims to develop a seed drill for precise seeding on a ridge with drip irrigation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The existing technologies of sowing cotton seeds are analyzed. The authors have developed a method of seeding the cotton on the crest with drip irrigation and drill for its implementation, including the working body for fertilizer, shaper gasket comb attached to him Coulter, sigortac for seeding, packer roller, device for laying irrigation hose, and sigortac for sealing hose soil. Combining the operations of sowing cotton seeds with the simultaneous formation of ridges, fertilizing, and drip irrigation helps to reduce labor costs and increase the yield of raw cotton. This reduces the consumption of irrigation water, simplifies the design of the irrigation hose, and increases its service life

The study confirmed the set scientific hypothesis that to improve seed germination and uniformity of germination of cultivated agricultural crops and increase their yields possible while performing operations field preparation, sowing, formation of the desired profile, density and structure of the soil over the sown seeds on the basis of application of innovative methods and means of mechanization of surface tillage. As a result of experimental studies, the design parameters of the developed innovative agricultural tools have been optimized. When combined, they provide the required fine-grained and optimally compacted soil layer, in which the seeds of agricultural crops are located. As recommendations to agricultural production, the actual value of the specific mass of the developed rollers is established, taking into account ballasting loads per 1 m of the width of the grip, the value of which is within 95...160 kg, depending on the shape and design of the working elements, as well as on the properties of the processed medium. In the course of evaluating the metal capacity of innovative agricultural tools and serial ring-spur roller, a difference of 64% per unit of widthof the grip was revealed. Defined increase of productivity when using the developed means of mechanization of surface tillage for spring barley to 14% and 16 %, spring wheat by 11 % and 14 %, winter wheat up to 7% and 9% respectively compared with serial ring-spur roller and disc rollers seeder. Based on the economic assessment of the compared seeding technologies, the annual economic effect of the introduction of innovative tillage rollers was established, which amounted to 64…69 $ by 1 ha of spring barley crops.

In the course of the study, methods for ensuring the centeringof particlesofbulkmaterialintheairflowmovinginthepneumaticductofthe seeder were investigated. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a conical confusor. The aim of the study was to obtain the functional dependences of the movement of particles in a conical airflow guide (confusor) for the conditions of transportation of the sown particles on the basis of force analysis and to identify the nature of the movement of the sownparticlesinataperingairflow.Duringthestudy,todescribethemotion of particles in a vertical tapering pipe, a system of expressions was substantiated. The developed mathematical model of particle motion in a conical air flow, implemented in the MathCAD mathematical package, allowscalculatingboththeparticletrajectoryandthevelocityparametersof the air flow and the particles to be sown. The digital calculation results in the MathCAD program are in good agreement with the finite element calculations. The magnitude of the error in air velocity is less than 1%. The differences in the velocities of the transported particles in the calculation options do not exceed 7%. The installation of a conical guide helps tofocus the flow of particles in the central part of the narrowed air line. In this case, part of the particles in the central part of the guide will retain the initial longitudinaltrajectory.Theangleattheapexoftheconeandtheparameters of the particles affect the speed and angle of the tangent contact of the particle with theguide.

The unsystematic use of mountain pastures with overgrazing of grasses has led to a change in the ecological balance of agrolandscapes, in which 80-85% of the Central Caucasus lands have turned into a state of varying degrees of degradation. In these cases, an important measure in the restoration of degraded mountain forage lands is the sowing of perennial grasses into sparse grass and on bare soil, which increases stiffness. Therefore, the development and creation of a seeder for targeted seeding of grass mixtures in solving the problem is relevant. The authors of the article have developed a new resource-saving way to improve mountain forage lands using a modernized seeder. Tests and studies were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavs depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field 85.3 GJ. At the same time, the formation of a dense sod with the accumulation of 104.2 c / ha of root mass is the main factor in the environmental sustainability of mountain agrolandscapes, ensuring environmental safety

The level of preparation of a row seeder for work and its adaptability to adjustments and settings affects the efficiency of sowing. Analysis of the designs of modern row seeders shows that after-sales service remains a reserve for improving the efficiency of their use, and, therefore, increasing the agricultural crop yields. However, the technologies for the preparation and adjustment row seeders remain poorly understood, and the search for ways to reduce the complexity of maintenance for sowing units is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to build a mathematical model of the technology for checking, adjusting and tuning a row seeder on the basis of graph theory, determining a way to reduce the complexity of servicing maintenance a row seeder in preparation for sowing and justifying a rational way of organizing the seeder setting. Taking into account a number of assumptions and initial conditions, a list of operations for adjusting and setting the seeder is developed. A digraph of a row seeder preparation technology is constructed, which displays the sequence and relationship of the operations of preparation, adjusting and sitting its nodes and mechanisms. The critical path with the greatest time spent on seeder maintenance is determined. The methods for reducing the complexity of maintenance of a row seeder were established and it is recommended that further modernization of the units and mechanisms of the seeder by indicators in terms of suitability for verification, adjustment and setup. The methods of preparing the seeder for work by one performer are considered. The influence of economic factors on the number of performers during maintenance of the seeder before sowing is shown.

The article describes the shortcomings of existing structures and units of pneumatic grain seeders. There was analyzed the technological process of distribution of seed material in distribution systems. There were described the various options of developed designs of dosing and distributive systems allowing to increase the sowing machines efficiency. To improve the efficiency of sowing machines, it is proposed to establish a distribution of seeds with a downward flow, which will increase the uniformity of seed supply to coulters and, consequently, increase the uniformity of their distribution over the field surface.

The urgency of creation and use of resource-saving means of mechanization of agriculture is proved. Proposed grain drill, performing the sowing of grain crops on stubble background. Its use allows to sowseeds in the soil with minimum costs due to the reduction of the number of technological operations. The theoretical substantiation of the grain seeder, on the basis of which the optimal design and operating parameters are revealed, is carried out.

The article analyzes the experience of agricultural aviation usage for sowing of grain crops in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. A historiographical review of this problem has been carried out, which testifies to its indisputable scientific, theoretical and applied relevance. The motives for aircraft attracting to sowing operations in the first half of the 1930s have been indicated, and the methods and scale of experiments for conducting aerial sowing have been revealed. By analyzing the scientific literature, archival documents and periodicals of the 1930s, the effectiveness of sowing operations using aviation has been established. The reasons have been revealed, according to which the Party-Soviet leadership eventually abandoned the usage of aircraft as an “air seeder”, having focused the air group efforts on the fight against agricultural pests, firefighting, etc.

A review of technologies for sowing non-loose seeds of forage plants shows that seeders and devices that fully meet the requirements of agricultural technology have not yet been created. The available tools do not provide a stable sowing of seeds and their uniform placement in the field, so the distances between the nests are not the same in a row. The authors recommend designing the sampling drum for an innovative universal seeding machine with measuring grooves that ensure the same distance between the seed nests in a row, corresponding to the agrotechnical requirements for seeds. The main requirement when creating a seeder was the need to determine the number of grooves that determine the distance between the nests at different speeds of the unit. In addition, it is also required to ensure that the measuring grooves are filled with the required amount of seeds, which depends on the speed of rotation of the sampling drum. Based on preliminary laboratory experiments and theoretical studies, the optimal parameters of the sampling drum were determined: the diameter of the sampling drum is 100 mm; the speed of rotation of the sampling drum is 8-15 rpm; the number of measuring grooves – 10-12 pieces. These parameters at a speed of MTA -1.44 m/s provide the distance between the seed nests in a row and are 0.5-0.7 m.

In this paper, we consider the study of the process of seed movement in the seed duct and the impact on the operation of a multi-level seeding system. Mathematical models of the movement of the seed material from the seeder to the plowshare group along the seed line are obtained. To a greater extent, the movement time is affected by the weight of the sown portion and the initial speed of the seeds when falling from the seeder. Also, in straight sections, the time depends on the geometric parameters of the seed line. In the future, the formula of the complete transfer of seeds from the seeder to the plowshare group will allow you to adjust the mode of adjusting the response time of the dosing system on a self-propelled seeder with a multi-level seeding system.

There were determined the parameters and operating modes of the centrifugal dispersion system of a grain pneumatic seeder, which ensured the minimum unevenness of the seed dispersion between the seed lines.

The article considers the issue of substantiating the distributing working body parameters for a pneumatic grain seeder. Work on the subject matter is mainly experimental in nature and not sufficiently deeply worked out theoretically. Based on computer simulation, the article determines the most preferred layout of the distributor dividing head, establishes a rational form of the reference cone and the location of the outlet pipes. Based on the simulation of the movement of seed grain particles, the individual design parameters of the distributor dividing head are specified. The results of experimental studies are presented confirming the theoretical background. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.

Conventional method of sowing lettuce is laborious and time consuming. Thus, this study was conducted to develop a seedling tray seeder for lettuce. Specifically, it aimed to design a seeder, fabricate the design, evaluate the field performance parameters, and analyze the cost of operation of using the machine. The machine was fabricated based on the design plan which was comprised of the dibbler unit, seed metering unit, soil covering unit, power transmission system, automation unit and frame assembly. Performance evaluation of the device was undertaken both in the laboratory and in the field. The cost of using the machine was analyzed considering the best operating parameters. Machine parameters such a vacuum pressure at 1.35 – 2.03 kPa, 2.04 – 2.70 kPa, and 2.71 – 3.39 kPa were evaluated to determine the optimum capacity and seeder efficiency. Results revealed the machine has a capacity of 26 trays per hour at 2.04 – 2.70 kPa vacuum pressure with a seeder efficiency of 93.75%. The overall cost of fabricating the device was Php83,476.00. The cost analysis revealed that the break-even point is at 7,547 trays per year and an income of Php119,059.00 per annum can be realized with a payback period at 0.7 years.

Theoretical studies of the seed movement in the centrifugal seed distributor of a pneumgivenatic grain seeder have been performed. There were obtained the equations describing the process of seed movement in a centrifugal seed distributor which allow determining the optimal parameters of the pneumatic system of the seeder. The relationship between the operating and design parameters of the centrifugal distributor is given.

The authors consider the design of a ridge seeder in the article, the practical implementation of which will allow the machine and tractor unit to perform pre-sowing cultivation for one pass, sowing seeds in a moist soil on a compacted bed, form a soil ridge of a required size over the seeds and roll it on three sides, finally forming the soil crest with a required size and density. The authors have also substantiated the design features and operation parameters of the working bodies of the ridge seeder.