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Concrete is a strong and durable material with serviceability and long-lasting properties demand for concrete is increasing with the growth in the infrastructure globally, concrete is more robust in compression than tension, and lesser tensile strength can lead to reduced crack formation resistance. The utilization of concrete using nanoparticles is starting to show promise as a modern development to improve concrete’s properties, these materials range from 1-100 nm in size, can occupy a larger surface area, and play a significant role in the hydration process, the nanomaterials were available in various shapes, forms and dimensions, graphene oxide (GO) is an output from the oxidation process of the graphene material, graphene is one of the strongest material globally. The present study mainly focuses on the impact of GO on the M25 grade concrete’s strength and workability, made with Silica fume (SF) as the partial replacement for cement with the proportion of 5, 7.5, and 10% along with the addition of GO with 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% to the weight of cement, test results obtained were indicated that the 0.05% addition of GO shown optimum values.

This article investigates the possible synergy between geopolymers and plastics as a method for sustainable composite materials, addressing the growing worldwide need for environmentally responsible solutions. Geopolymers, which provide low-carbon alternatives to traditional building materials, are being studied alongside plastics, which are recognised for their flexibility and lightweight properties. The research emphasises the ability of this composite to attain increased mechanical, thermal, and chemical qualities by investigating molecular-level interaction processes, enhanced material properties, and applications in diverse sectors. Furthermore, the research assesses environmental consequences, such as decreased carbon emissions and energy usage, while also analysing manufacturing and scaling problems. This work lays the way for a unique route in material science, poised to greatly contribute to a more sustainable and resilient built environment, by giving insights into both present accomplishments and future research possibilities.

Reinforced Steel bars used in concrete constructions are particularly susceptible to corrosion since they don't have enough corrosion resistance, which decreases durability and long-term performance. The main cause of steel bar corrosion is moisture interaction, which results in rust, which causes cracks and spalling, which affects durability and long-term performance. FRP bars, which have several benefits over steel bars such as strong resistance to corrosion, higher tensile strength than steel bars, and a 1/4th of the weight of steel bars, which decreases shipping and labor costs, are now entering the market as a solution to the aforementioned issues. Polypropylene fibers in concrete have high mechanical strength, stiffness, and durability. This paper tells about the type of FRP bar and Fiber that has been chosen in order to enhance the studies on the performance of flexure of RC beams made with a combination of FRP and Steel bars. From previous studies, it has been concluded that 0.25% of fibers are used as optimum dosage in terms of volume fraction in order to improve the behavior of flexure and ductility of beams made with a combination of Steel and FRP bars.

Any industrial or organised storage facility needs bulk material storage structures, also referred to as bins, bunkers, silos, or tanks. The ratio of their various dimensions serves as the main defining characteristic between bunkers and silos. Silos are structures that are used for storing different types of granular material. Silos are architectural constructions made especially for storing different kinds of granular materials, such grains and cement. Silos are distinguished by their disproportionately tall lateral dimensions. For instance, massive silos are frequently used to store cement in cement mills and significant construction projects. The project's main goal is to analyse and design a silo made of reinforced cement concrete. The theory adopted for analysis of silo is Janssen’s theory. The silo is designed for storing the cement clinkers with a capacity of 5000 tonnes. The normal pressure calculation during emptying and filling, and maximum pressure calculation has performed. The hoop stresses and Temperature stresses are calculated and hoop tension is calculated for different heights. The assessment of the loads on silo was performed as per IS: 4995 (Part I) - 1974, and for design criteria IS: 4995 (Part II) – 1974 is used.

Workability, determines whether the concrete is suitable to cast in-situ for specified job. In practice it is determine by multiple test methods to find the workability properties by following EFNARC guidelines. To evaluate these properties in single test Ultrasonic sensors (hc-sr04) and Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test are used. The float glass box of dimensions 300×300×400 mm with reinforcement inside 16mm dia with spacing 46mm and clear cover 40mm is used for simulation. The hc-sr04 sensors are placed at the corners of the glass column for determining the concrete filled into the box and monitor through Arduino.ide software. The filling ability is determined by the time taken to fill the column and classified into FA1, FA2 & FA3 classes. The passing ability is determined by the difference of concrete height at inside the reinforcement and at the corners after filling and classified into PA1, PA2 & PA3. Ultrasonic velocity measurements are taken by direct mode and based on the variations at different locations segregation resistance is classified into SR1, SR2 & SR3. The aim of this simulation was to establish the relation between experimental tests and simulation IoT test results. Comparison between empirical tests and stimulation model shows that this model can used to check the workability at in-situ to meet the job specification.

Increase in the paper waste from paper industries become most serious disposal problem by occupying large space and environmental pollution which is raising every day. To reduce the paper waste and environmental pollution, it is proposed to use the paper waste as Hypo sludge in concrete mix which contains cementitious properties like silica and magnesium. The main ingredient of concrete is cement. During the manufacturing of cement, large amount of carbon dioxide is released into the environment which causes global warming. To control environmental pollution from cement industries, Hypo sludge is used as a partial replacement of cement so that it can reduce cement content and support as an eco-friendly building material. In this research cement is replaced with fly ash and Hypo sludge. By adding 0 percent,3 percent,6 percent,9 percent 12percent and 15percent of hypo sludge, compressive and split tensile strength of concrete and also performance of Hypo sludge concrete are studied. From the experiment, compressive strength and split tensile strength of Hypo sludge concrete increases up to optimum dosage.