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Water resources management is a critical issue for sustainable regional development. The main objective of this study was to analyze water degradation problems and identify necessary technological solutions for rational and sustainable water resources management at the regional level. Systematic methods of analysis, comparative analysis, and modeling were applied. The results indicate that introducing an integrated approach to water resources management, combined with advanced water-saving technologies, can effectively address water scarcity issues and contribute to sustainable regional development. The study showed that successful implementation of sustainable water management strategies requires close inter-regional and inter-sectoral cooperation, active involvement of all stakeholders, and the ability to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Thus, it is necessary to develop and implement regional strategies for rational water use that consider local specifics and the needs of relevant territories.

Wastewater, a complex ecosystem abundant with diverse microorganisms, plays a crucial role in effective treatment and safeguarding public health. This paper provides an overview of wastewater microbiology, examining microbial diversity, activity, factors influencing microbial communities, health implications, and emerging trends in wastewater management. Bacteria, the most abundant group, are pivotal in decomposing organic matter, removing pollutants, and preventing eutrophication. Protozoa regulate bacterial populations, while viruses present challenges due to their microscopic size. Factors such as temperature, pH, nutrients, and toxic compounds shape microbial dynamics. Untreated wastewater may harbor pathogenic microorganisms, posing health risks. Advancements in molecular techniques enable comprehensive analysis of microbial communities, while innovative approaches like microbial fuel cells and bioaugmentation show promise for sustainable wastewater management. Understanding wastewater microbiology is vital for refining treatment processes, upholding public health standards, and innovating resource management practices.

Today, the Russian energy complex faces several important challenges: finding a balance between the reliability and efficiency of using existing energy equipment, and implementing a digital energy project. In the context of solving these problems, in turn, issues of corporate efficiency are considered both in the global and domestic markets. The topic of interaction between humans and artificial intelligence, personnel policy in the field of human capital management, as an asset of a new quality in the context of the digital economy, is becoming relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence human capital development on the efficiency of Russian electric power industry. The study found that the efficiency of companies is affected by such factors as the share of managers in the personnel structure, the share of employees with higher education, the average salary level and the share of employees under 35 (young professionals).

Enhancement of technological processes’ efficiency in agriculture can be achieved through the optimization of technological, structural, and performance characteristics of agricultural machinery. Modern machinery should have high productivity rate, ease of operation, high level of standardization and minimal expenditures of energy resources. The paper gives examples of the implementation of flow-dividing valves for the maintenance of the requested level of synchronization in the hydraulic drive of the agricultural equipment using the example of folding cultivator. The improved calculation hydraulic model of the cultivator and scheme of throttling flow-driving valve of non-spool type with plunger setting device are presented. The article gives the numerical scheme of the hydromechanical drive system of the cultivator which gives consideration to the volume coefficient of stiffness. It contributes to the exact accuracy of calculations and analysis.

This article examines the deployment and implications of Cloud- Fog-Edge architectures in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, highlighting their significance in enhancing data management and system security across diverse sectors. As IoT ecosystems expand, the necessity for architectures that efficiently handle large volumes of data and ensure real-time processing capabilities becomes paramount. The Cloud-Fog-Edge architecture addresses these needs by distributing computing resources across three layers—cloud, fog, and edge—each optimized for specific tasks within the IoT workflow. We discuss the challenges and solutions associated with interoperability in such multi-layered systems, emphasizing the need for standardized communication protocols and data formats to facilitate seamless interactions between heterogeneous devices and platforms. Furthermore, the article delves into the critical aspects of security within these architectures, outlining strategies for robust data encryption, access management, regular security updates, and comprehensive network activity monitoring to safeguard against unauthorized access and cyber threats. The integration of Cloud-Fog-Edge architectures not only promises enhanced operational efficiency and scalability but also significantly boosts the adaptability of IoT systems to meet evolving technological and operational demands. By providing a detailed analysis of the functionalities, integration challenges, and security practices associated with each architectural layer, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of how Cloud-Fog-Edge frameworks can be optimized to bolster the reliability, efficiency, and security of modern IoT environments.

Developed simulation model of the curvilinear motion of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels. The model includes the motion of the wheel carrier’s center of mass with respect to the moving coordinate system, the matrix of the directional cosines for the transition from a moving to the fixed coordinate system, the bearing and running module for the determination of the reactions in the flat spot of the wheel tire with the bearing surface area, and the mechanism for turning steer wheels. The aim is to study vehicle steerability and dexterity of the two-axial wheel carrier with all steer wheels via modeling in the MATLAB Simulink. Parameters obtained show the application effectiveness of the steering control with all steer wheels for the two-axial wheel carrier. Results obtained can be applied to the constructional design of a vehicles for the determination of the optimal parameters of a steering configuration. Developed simulation model of the vehicle can become a basis for the modeling of vehicles’ motion equipped with the control system of the air pressure in tires, track-type module, adaptive undercarriages with the robotic operating system, etc.

The results of developing a methodology for ensuring a high level of efficiency and safety of energy equipment are presented. Approaches for assessing and predicting parameters that determine the reliability of energy system equipment, and the structure of a cloud data collection and processing system, are proposed. The results obtained in this work can be used to ensure the efficiency and safety of energy system facility equipment.

Experiments were carried out on flow boiling in mini- and microchannels with non-uniform heating (channel width 30 mm, size of centrally located heater 3x3 mm2) with smooth and porous heater surfaces. It has been established that for that surfaces, the dependencies of the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficients behave similarly, but in the case of porous surface, the critical heat flux increases more strongly with the growth of mass flow, and the heat transfer coefficients are higher due to developed boiling. Instead of a slowly developing boiling crisis with a large bubble constantly sitting on a smooth heater, boiling on porous surface was replaced by intense formation of small bubbles sweeping away large one. As a result, large bubbles either pulsate intensely or do not form at all until the moment of “classical” crisis - the sudden formation of stationary one with a sharp increase in surface temperature. This is true for both types of surfaces. But in the case of a smooth surface, the regime of a pulsating large bubble prevails, and on porous surface it ceases to form until “classical” crisis. The frequency of small bubble formation is significantly greater when boiling on porous surface.

The convection under local heating can serve as an effective physical mechanism for mixing small volumes of liquids. We have experimentally demonstrated the mixing of similar liquids using this method. The evolution of the uniformity of the mixture over time was analyzed using a statistical approach. It was found that a small volume of an additive (a few percent of the host layer) can be homogenized in 6-7 minutes.

A series of experiments were conducted to study the effect of the heater coating on the frequency of formation of steam bubbles and on heat exchange during boiling in the channel. Three different surfaces were used: 1) smooth, 2) rough and 3) porous. It was found that at relatively low heat fluxes, the specific frequency of bubble formation on a rough surface is higher than on a smooth one. However, with an increase in the heat flux, the difference in the frequency of bubble formation on rough and smooth surfaces practically disappears. At the same time, bubble formation on a porous surface occurs with almost 3 times the frequency, compared to both smooth and rough in the entire range of heat fluxes (up to 500 W/cm2). The obtained results can explain the recorded fact of a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux on a porous surface.

The presented paper investigates the application of HEC-RAS software for modelling of urban area waterlogging by surface rainfall runoff on the Black Sea coast of Russia. The authors assess the risk of emergencies caused by rainfall of different intensities. Using a digital elevation model and an orthophotoplane obtained by airborne laser scanning and aerial photography, the territory and surface types are analyzed. The results of the study identify sensitive areas and consider the feasibility of constructing barrier structures to manage surface runoff. Data on the capacity of the existing pipe and its effect on runoff accumulation are analyzed. The study is of practical relevance for risk assessment and emergency prevention measures related to surface runoff in urban environments on the Black Sea coast.

The paper presents some experimental studies of the process of the formation of methane gas hydrate in a cell containing in the initial state of methane and a solution of table salt. On the obtained dependencies of temperature and pressure in the cell, areas that correspond to the process of gas hydrate formation are allocated from time to time. Experimentally investigated the dependence of the start of hydratic formation on salt concentration. It is shown that with an increase in the concentration of salt in the solution, the start of hydratic formation increases according to the linear law.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of agricultural technologies on the quality, health, and stability of slightly eroded chernozem in grain crop rotation using the author's methodology. The research was conducted on the experimental field of the Kursk FANC from 2018 to 2021. Three agricultural technologies were tested: a traditional method with crushed by-products (PP), agrobiotechnology-1 (PP and microbiological preparations), and agrobiotechnology-2 (agrobiotechnology-1 + 10 kg a.i. N per 1 t of PP). The results showed that all technologies had a satisfactory impact on soil fertility, health, and stability, with most indicators remaining unchanged. Agrobiotechnology-1 had a good impact on soil fertility and stability and an excellent impact on soil health. Agrobiotechnology-2 had an excellent impact on soil, with significant and highly significant increases in most indicators. The comprehensive assessment indicated that agrobiotechnology-2 had the highest overall impact, with a Kcomp value of 21.4%.

Studies were carried out in 2019-2022. The varieties successfully adapted to the conditions of the region were selected as parental forms. Over 170 primocane-fruiting raspberry seedlings were obtained from open pollination during the years of research, 105 of which showed primocanefruiting capacity. The selection was carried out according to the following characteristics: thorniness, early ripening, stampiness, damageability by fungal infections, the weight and size of the fruits. The overwintering of the seedlings obtained from open pollination of such varieties as Gerakl, Oranzhevoye chudo, as well as form 1-220-1 was 100%. The largest number of early ripening samples was noted among the seedlings obtained from open pollination of the Zolotyye kupola variety (26%). The largest number of stamp plants was found in hybrid progenies of the Yevraziya and Pingvin varieties (50 and 53.3%, respectively). More than 50% of the seedlings of such varieties as Gerakl, Rubinovoye ozherel’ye, Pingvin, Yevraziya, and forms 37-15-4 and 32-151-1 had hard thorns on the stems. Slightly more than 19% of the varieties had a smooth stem. As a result of the selection, early and mid-ripening genotypes of primocane-fruiting raspberry that are promising for use in breeding in the Irkutsk region were obtained.

The article describes a virtual (numerical) model of part of the temperature control system of a lithium-ion battery developed for subsequent modeling of the required operating conditions as part of a vehicle. This system lets to maintain a strictly defined temperature regime automatically. It is required for the safe operation of battery cells, protecting them from overheating and cooling during operation. The virtual model under consideration consists of a thermal model of the battery and a control system for it, while the control algorithm is specified in the form of a block diagram. The article is a continuation of work on the creation of a comprehensive functional 1D top-level model of the product to predict the operation of a typical battery pack depending on the type of vehicle and the battery management system (active or passive balancing).

This document describes the calculation procedure for selecting the optimal parameters of the boom lifting mechanism in agricultural machinery. A boom lifting scheme was developed. Studies have been carried out to find the optimal values of linear dimensions and angle, at which the required value of the force developed by the drive when lifting the boom with a hydraulic cylinder of the specified dimensions will be minimal. Based on the results of the study, an algorithm was developed for solving the optimization of boom lifting parameters. An expression is obtained for the objective function of optimizing the boom lifting mechanism. Algorithm for selection of optimal parameters of lifting mechanism considering weight of boom, hydraulic cylinder and rod has been developed.

The transformation of the industrial sector of the economy in modern conditions has actualized issues related to increasing competitiveness. This led to a strategic interest in building an innovative production landscape, the use of new management methods. It is established that the main goal of benchmarking is the continuous improvement of activities. The architecture of benchmarking is aimed at building a landscape of marketing solutions, expanding the system of interaction within the framework of strategic tasks. The author defines the directions of benchmarking application in the marketing environment. Benchmarking has a creative nature, ensures the development of production taking into account the experience of best practices. It is a tool to increase competitiveness, creates of a corporate governance system. Conducting regular benchmarking procedures based on comparative analysis forms competitive advantages, entrepreneurial culture, innovative architecture of the business model.

Air classification is a common process in many industries. The paper presents an analysis of the operation of a centrifugal multivortex classifier designed to separate solid particles. The classification process of gas-solid system is observed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe, which has rectangular openings that provide the formation of the stable vortex system. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the entrance angle of rectangular openings on the classification effectiveness of the device. The results show that the maximum effectiveness in the classification of particles larger than 40 μm is achieved at an angle of 0.8 and a gas flow speed of 16 m/s, providing an effectiveness of 69.6%. Increasing the speed at the inlet to the device improves the effectiveness, since the vortex structure in the interpipe space becomes more stable. It is recommended to select the classifier with the largest entrance angle of rectangular openings, since the lowest pressure loss is achieved. Changing the entrance angle of rectangular openings of the device has practically no effect on the effectiveness of particle classification.

The article represents the dynamics of erosion-accumulation processes within the test catchment of the Lena basin over two time periods (1985-1990; 2015-2019) from rainfall-runoff, studied using the WaTEM/SEDEM model. The estimate of soil loss from rainfall-runoff was obtained, taking into account the deposition of part of the eroded soil within the catchment. This is one of the first works that estimates the magnitude of soil erosion within a poorly crop developed catchment from rainwater runoff, taking into account the deposition. It was determined that the measured sediment yield from the test catchment decreased over the two studied periods. The decrease in runoff from the studied territory is explained by a decrease in the intensity of agricultural activity in the catchment, as well as the forest area increase and grassland area reduction.

One of the urgent problems today is the increased energy consumption in the industrial sector. This negatively affects the ultimate cost of the product and also leads to increased anthropogenic impact on the environment. Industrial-territorial clusters have extensive utility networks, which transfer heat between plants, so the development of methods to reduce their energy consumption will solve this problem. This paper presents a systematic approach to assessing the possibility of direct process integration of plants belonging to the same industrial-territorial cluster to maximize heat recovery. The determination of process flows used for direct process integration can be made based on the territorial location of plants and the availability of space for new heat exchange equipment and piping, and the maximum potential for heat recovery can be estimated using a composite curve graph. The study analyzes monomer production and assesses the potential for reducing energy consumption through direct process integration of pyrolysis and gas separation units, which amounted to 7.3 MW and can only be achieved with process integration. The total reduction in energy consumption with joint intraand direct process integration is 66.7 MW. This also leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions of 140,152 t/year.

The purpose of the article is to analyze temporary changes in human gait, the parameters of which are recorded using the accelerometer of a mobile phone in everyday use. The work presents trends in the field of personalized medicine and monitoring the health of employees in the manufacturing sector based on wearable and mobile devices. The features of collecting and processing data on a person’s gait using a mobile phone are presented, which act as a comprehensive assessment of human health parameters. The results of a year-long research of changes in human gait are presented. Daily, weekly and annual trends are identified. The research analyzed mobile phone accelerometer time series representing double steps during gait. When constructing trends, the maximum value of the cross-correlation function of data segments was used. Data segmentation was carried out according to the length of the double step. Based on the results of the research, an assumption is made about the possibility of recording individual characteristics of the functioning of the human musculoskeletal system using a mobile phone and conducting further research in order to accumulate statistical material and identify the relationship between a person’s lifestyle and changes in gait parameters.

The change of the elemental composition of a layered charge consisting of particles of sulfur brown coal and marble during oxidation in a furnace heated to 1200°C has been studied. It has been determined that as coal burns out, the sulfur was released into the gas phase and partially absorbed by marble. At the final oxidation temperature (1200°C), approximately 5% of the initial sulfur content remains in the coal, about 40% was absorbed by the marble, and the remaining 55% passes into the gas phase.

Today, the issue of the development of joints of wooden elements, in particular the joints of CLT and wooden beams, is topical. The aim of the work is to develop a nodal connection of wooden beams and CLT, which has increased reliability and has no drawbacks compared to the existing options for such connections in the world. The article presents the main existing ways of connecting wooden beams and CLT, their features, advantages and disadvantages are considered. Based on the world experience in joining wooden beams and CLT, it can be concluded that in most cases, for such purposes, factory-made metal supports of open or closed beams of various designs and shapes are used. The main disadvantage of such methods of connecting the considered wooden elements is the impossibility of making the connection hidden. This leads to a complete lack of fire protection of the connecting elements. It also requires additional finishing measures for supporting structures for an aesthetic purpose, which in turn increases the cost of construction. As a result, a constructive solution for the joints of wooden beams and CLT was developed, which has increased reliability compared to the studied joints and is devoid of their shortcomings.

Gas-solid separation is a common process in many industries, including transport and power engineering. A static centrifugal multivortex device has been developed for effective separating fine particles from gas streams. The work aims to numerically study the efficiency and pressure drop of the separator. It was found that a choice of the turbulence model does not affect the pressure drop. The efficiency of the static centrifugal separator is 64.3% at the input gas velocity of 7 m/s. The sloped blades located above the apertures made in the internal pipe results in the improvement of separation efficiency. Moreover, changing the slope of the blades does not affect the efficiency of the separator. The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the developed device is on average 20.6, with a Reynolds number from 11400 to 38000. The low pressure drop provides reduced energy cost, which promotes decarbonization efforts.

The high-tech sector of the economy carries out marketing activities at the operational and strategic management level. The implemented import substitution policy actualizes the marketing expertise of the technical decisions taken. Technological audit is aimed at improving the competitiveness of a particular production. The results of the completed marketing audit determine the main directions of innovative changes in the production landscape. The authors propose a conceptual model of a marketing management system that integrates the results of the evaluation of marketing and technological audit and creates conditions for the release of innovative industrial products. Relationship marketing forms new criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of marketing activities, which is based on increasing the level of consumer perception of the brand. Strategic priorities for the development of industrial companies are based on a marketing platform and ensure the achievement of technological self-confidence.

Modern forms of organization of activities have led to the need for strategic management of industrial business. The complexity and uncertainty of the external environment have of strategic partnership. The implemented cooperation strategy creates conditions for the integration of economic interests. Competition limits the growth of prices and promotes the use of various methods of struggle in the market. The system of strategic marketing planning has a cyclical character, the author has developed and justified the content and logic of its functioning. It is established that marketing activity is a set of practical actions to achieve marketing goals. The paper presents a theoretical justification for the development of marketing strategies and forms of competition. It is proved that the marketing planning system allows solving the problems associated with the introduction of new products to the industrial market, the main characteristics of the strategy and conditions for the successful implementation of innovative products are determined.

In the landscape of software development for high-performance .NET applications, autonomous testing emerges as a critical strategy to ensure reliability, scalability, and performance. This article delves into the practice of autonomous, or unattended, testing—where automated test cases are executed independently without human intervention. Our exploration is grounded in the application of autonomous testing in environments handling large data volumes and supporting high concurrency, which are typical scenarios for mission-critical .NET applications. We discuss the benefits of autonomous testing, including its ability to significantly increase test coverage, enhance defect detection at early stages, and ensure consistent and reliable testing outcomes across various scenarios. The implementation of robust testing frameworks such as NUnit, xUnit, or MSTest, which support features like parallel test execution and test parameterization, plays a foundational role in the effective deployment of autonomous testing systems. Moreover, the article highlights the necessity of integrating autonomous testing into continuous integration and deployment pipelines to facilitate continuous testing. This integration ensures that every code change is thoroughly validated before deployment, thereby enhancing software quality and accelerating delivery cycles. We also examine the challenges and best practices in fostering a culture that supports autonomous testing within organizations. By emphasizing the strategic importance of training, cross-functional collaboration, and continuous improvement, we propose methods to overcome resistance to change and enhance the adoption of autonomous testing practices.

In this work, a control model of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was synthesized, a block diagram of the control system of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was developed, and the control vector of the emergency preparedness system for nuclear and radiation accidents was determined to achieve the required performance indicator of target emergency preparedness and response activities.

The document discusses the methodology for calculating the optimal parameters of a tracked forest loader. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model of the kinematics of machine drives was compiled when the cargo was released "through itself." As a result of the work, changes in the demand for force on the boom lifting hydraulic cylinder and graphs of the dependence of the forces of the hydraulic cylinders on the angles of rotation of the boom and rocker were built. Based on the results of the work, conclusions were made about the change in the moments changed by the cargo.

Preserving food and improving the quality of drinking water are of paramount importance to the public. Despite the very different objectives of food preservation and drinking water disinfection, these problems have in common the destruction of microorganisms. In this regard, the actual problem, which has been the focus of research in recent years, is the development of new technologies capable of non-thermal treatment of liquid substances and foodstuffs and not using chemical reagents. Hydrodynamic cavitation can be a promising technology for non-thermal treatment of liquid substances, including wastewater and food liquid products. This paper presents the results of our own study of the effect of cavitation on microorganisms under given conditions in a device with a discrete secondary part.

In the present paper, the case of the brown algae Saccharina japonica from Aniva Bay (Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Island) was investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis up to 700°C at different atmospheres. The elemental composition, lower heating value, ash content, and biochar yield of the algae were examined. The analysis showed that carbohydrates like alginate, mannitol, fucoidan, and laminarin were decomposed between 250-350°C, while proteins and lipids were burned out between 500-550°C.

The article analyses the dynamics of changes in the main components of the climate. The variability and cyclicity of the climate and the weather conditions forming it by year, autumn-winter period and vegetation period of grain crops on arable lands in the forest and steppe zones of the Volga region and the Urals for the entire period of meteorological observations is studied. Differences in the rates of climate change over time and by seasons have been revealed. Annual precipitation, on average in 1887-2020, per 100 years, increased by 55 mm, mainly due to precipitation in winter. The average annual air temperature increased by 1.8 °C, the average air temperature in winter by 2.3 °C and the average air temperature in summer by 1 °C. The air temperature in the steppe zone increases 20% faster compared to the forest zone.

The influence of heating rate, temperature and particle size of sulfur brown coal from the Moscow region on the yield of coke residue and its elemental composition was studied. The results can be useful in choosing a rational way of using the presented coals from the energy and ecology point of view.

The paper looks at climate change, the signs and causes of global warming. An analysis of climatic changes is carried out taking into account the factors of anthropogenic and natural impact. Examples of anthropogenic effects on global warming and natural impacts are given. One solution to reduce the environmental burden is reasonable and conscious consumption. As a result, the question arises: who contributes more to global warming - anthropogenic human activity or natural impact.

To assess the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems of the Republic of Tatarstan, vegetation classification was carried out at the class level using the Braun-Blanquet system. 17,000 relevés from the "Flora" database were used as source materials. The classification was carried out using the EuroVeg Checklist expert system in the Juice 7.0 software. A total of 34 classes of vegetation were identified. The 14 largest classes have been selected for vegetation cover modelling.

The construction of a photovoltaic (PV) plant in the Iraqi province of Salah al-Din marks a significant step towards enhancing the region's energy infrastructure and transitioning towards sustainable, renewable energy sources. The project aims to harness the abundant solar resources in the area to generate clean and reliable electricity, contributing to both environmental sustainability and energy security. The chosen location, Salah al-Din province, is strategically positioned to receive ample sunlight, making it an ideal site for a photovoltaic installation. This solar plant is expected to have a considerable impact on the local energy landscape by diversifying the energy mix and reducing reliance on conventional, non-renewable sources. The construction process involves the installation of photovoltaic panels designed to capture and convert solar radiation into electricity. These panels, often mounted on support structures, form an array that maximizes exposure to sunlight. The energy generated by the PV plant is then fed into the local power grid, supplementing the existing energy supply. The benefits of this solar initiative extend beyond environmental considerations. The project is likely to create employment opportunities during the construction phase, boosting the local economy. Additionally, the operation of the photovoltaic plant will contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change. Furthermore, the PV plant in Salah al-Din exemplifies Iraq's commitment to embracing renewable energy solutions as part of its sustainable development agenda. As the world transitions towards cleaner energy sources, projects like these play a crucial role in meeting the growing energy demand while mitigating the environmental impact associated with traditional energy generation. In conclusion, the construction of a photovoltaic plant in Salah al-Din energy a represents infrastructure, environmental sustainability, and energy resilience for the Iraqi province and contributing to the broader global shift towards clean and sustainable energy systems.

The results of three years of research (2021-2023) to study the effectiveness of using growth stimulants on corn when grown for grain are presented. It has been shown that on leached chernozem in two ecological points of the Novosibirsk Ob region TPP “Praktik” of the Novosibirsk region, CJSC breeding plant “Irmen” of the Ordynsky district of the Novosibirsk region, growth stimulants increased the growth rate and development of corn when grown for grain. In experiments, the effect of growth stimulants on the yield and quality of grain of three F1 corn hybrids of early ripening was studied: Kubansky 101, Kubansky 102 and Katerina. Growth stimulants were used by pre-planting seed treatment, spraying in the fourth leaf phase and at the beginning of flowering of corn plants. Growth stimulants increased the yield of corn grain by 33% relative to the control (water) in the hybrid Katerina F1. A significant improvement in the biochemical composition of corn grain was noted with the use of growth stimulants: an increase in protein content by 0.4-0.8%, BEV and fat.

The results of three years of research (2021-2023) are presented to study the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops (spring wheat, spring barley and oats) to regulate growth and development, increase yields and improve product quality. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk Ob region (JSC Irmen breeding plant, Ordynsky district, Novosibirsk region) and on gray forest soil (TPP “Michurintsev Garden”). The varieties of grain crops (spring wheat Licamero, spring barley Paustian and oats – Max) were studied. An increase in leaf area parameters was established against the background of the use of preparations for treating seeds with subsequent spraying of plants in the tillering phase with the following growth regulators Siliplant 0.01% (based on chelate forms), Epin-Extra 0.005%, Zircon 0.005%, Toro Combi 0.02% solution and Turmax 0.025% (chelate forms of macro and microelements). It was shown that the use of growth regulators increased the rate of growth and development, productivity and product quality. It was statistically established that the yield of grain crops depended on the elements - 38%, the crop under study - 31%, growth regulators and year conditions by 24%.

The paper presents the problem of the propagation of a pollutant (phenol) emission in a channel through which pure water flows. The mathematical model of the presented problem is based on the continuity equations. The distributions of the main parameters of the system are constructed. It is shown that in the absence of ledges, the pollutant flow moves in the channel in the form of a jet with a clearly defined core. In this case, the presence of ledges, due to the turbulence of the flow, leads to the emergence of rather large areas of pollution along the height of the channel. The dynamics of changes in the concentration of a pollutant along the height of the channel has been studied. It is shown that in the case of a working pollution source, the highest concentration is observed near the free surface of the channel. In the case when the source is not working, the highest concentration is observed at the bottom.

The paper presents the results of a study of apple clonal rootstocks carried out in 2017-2022 in the trial plots located in the Irkutsk region. The objects of the study were clonal rootstocks from various scientific institutions. The conducted fieldwork allows us to state that the ecological conditions of the Southern Cisbaikalia are generally favorable for the use of clonal rootstocks in the regional horticulture. It was found that the most adaptive forms of all the studied clonal rootstocks are the rootstocks of the Ural selection (Ural and Ural 2) and the rootstock of the Estonian selection (E-56). The clonal rootstocks 70-6-8, Arm18, and K-2 withstood winter worst of all. According to the fieldwork results, the rest of the rootstocks showed medium winter hardiness. As a result of laboratory freezing experiments, E-56 high winter hardiness was confirmed. The study of cultivar-rootstock combinations showed good compatibility of clonal rootstocks with semi-cultivated apple trees. The variety and type of the rootstock were statistically proven to affect the degree of temperature damage to fruit trees. The clonal rootstocks with high winter hardiness and those with medium winter hardiness and high recovery ability were selected for further breeding work.

The quality of work life can directly affect both the general wellbeing and safety of the employee. Quality of work life (QWL) is a concept reflecting the employee’s satisfaction with the conditions of his/her labor activity. It can influence work capacity, labor productivity and - if neglected - cause professional burnout of the employee. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of work life of surgeons in multidisciplinary hospitals using the Walton questionnaire. The study was conducted among surgeons in Saratov and Engels. The quality of work life was assessed using the 35-item Walton questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions and Student’s independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Seventy-four surgeons participated in the study, with a mean age of 38.9 years (± 4.3) and mean years of experience of 8 years (± 4.33). The majority (89.2%) rated their QWL as average. The criteria selected as the most influential on overall QWL: ability development and general living space received the highest and lowest scores from the respondents, respectively. In addition to improving the workplaces, equipment and instruments used by surgeons, comprehensive improvement of all factors affecting the quality of work life is needed.

The article is devoted to the problem of air pollution and its impact on human health and the environment. The paper considers methods of air pollution analysis based on the use of neural networks, taking into account the variety of data from the Internet. The authors emphasize the different effects of pollutants depending on the type, duration and level of exposure, as well as other factors, including individual risks to human health and the combined effects of different pollutants and stress factors. Special attention is paid to the two most common types of air pollution - smog and soot. The uneven distribution of the negative effects of air pollution, which are most often felt in low-income and colored communities, as well as the Air quality Index (AQI) developed by the Environmental Protection Agency, which informs the population about the current state of atmospheric air and its impact on human health, are considered separately. As a result of the work, the criteria for analyzing air quality, including pollution parameters and weather conditions, are presented, and the structure of future data is developed.

The aim of the research is to determine the causes of cracks in stators of traction electric motors of the NB-514 series. The application of mathematical modeling using the finite element method, which allows one to evaluate the mechanical stresses arising in the stator under the influence of thermal and vibration loads, is considered. The results of thermal modeling are presented for uneven heating of the electric motor frame to temperatures typical for the hourly operation of a traction motor. The results of vibration modeling, including the study of natural vibration modes and frequencies, are also presented. Based on the results of the studies, it was concluded that the cause of the formation of cracks in the area of ventilation hatches is a complex of cyclically repeating temperature and vibration effects, creating points of mechanical stress with a large value in the area of crack formation. Vulnerabilities in the design of the electric motor frame have been identified. Options have been proposed for improving the design of the ventilation hatches of the frame, allowing reducing mechanical stresses with a constant area of the ventilation and inspection hatches.

In this paper, the calculation of reliability indicators has been carried out in the article for two configurations of a prefabricated conductive rail joint: with fish plates, a welded and bypass connector, and a spring rail bond. The sections of the track where the probability of failure of the prefabricated conductive rail joint is increasing are identified. The destabilizing factors influencing the onset of failure of a prefabricated conductive rail joint earlier than the calculated values of the durability indicators are considered. A model for evaluating the reliability of the second configuration of a prefabricated conductive rail joint based on the Markov analytical model has been developed, and such reliability indicators have been calculated as the probability of its being in working condition, as well as the probability of failure of the prefabricated conductive rail joint due to the inoperability of the fish plates and the spring rail bond. The features of the configuration of a prefabricated conductive rail joint with a spring rail bond are taken into account, which consist in the fact that in order to eliminate the failure due to the inoperability of the spring rail bond, it is necessary to remove the fish plates.

The purpose of the study is labor saving, productivity gain of work and ball screws quality design pursuant to the use in numerical control machines. The article is devoted to the problem of automation of the designing of ball screws with return ports. These ball screws are an important element of the mechatronic modules of numerically controlled machines, as they affect the accuracy of linear displacement. Research methods: system-oriented analysis, structural analysis, methods of functional and object-matching programming, simulation. The novelty of the work: a method of three-dimensional parametric simulation of nuts of ball screws and a computation algorithm for a ball screw based on the synthesis of well-known techniques, has been developed. Research results: a software product consisting of modules that together automate the design process of nuts, screws, rigid supports, tilting saddles and ball screw coupling elements, has been developed. Conclusions: the developed methods for calculation of basic ball screw parameters can be used as the algorithmic basis of software products. Since the process for designing ball screw nuts with return ports has been automated, there are grounds for developing automation methods for other types of nuts.

This paper presents the quality requirements for the treatment of diesel fuel to reduce environmental pollution. The total operating costs of the conventional diesel treatment system are considered. The results of the dependence of the components of the costs and the total costs of cleaning diesel fuel on the quality of preliminary cleaning are summarized. A plan has been developed to minimize the cost of pre-treatment of diesel fuel.

This paper discusses low-temperature gas purification to improve environmental efficiency. Modern methods of gas cooling are also considered. A mathematical model is proposed for changing the parameters of an ideal gas when flowing through an opening - a Laval nozzle. A graph of the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the Laval nozzle is plotted at a different pressure ratio at the inlet and outlet of the nozzle. The conclusion was made based on the obtained values.

In the present paper, biochar from the Laminaria japonica from brackish lagoons (Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin Island) was obtained by a stepwise pyrolysis at 500 °C. The properties of concerned biochar (elemental composition, specific surface area, particle size distribution) were studied. It was shown that the Laminaria japonica biochar has 0.2–18 μm particle sizes with a complex branched surface of high microporosity and a specific surface area of 38.6 m2g-1. Aforementioned biochar has the high content of carbon (~60 at%) and high content of oxygen (~34 at.%).