Search

Rapid infrastructure development is consistent with the increase in innovation in structural elements. One of the main parameters in infrastructure development is materials. An advanced composite material called Functionally Graded Material (FGM) has been widely used. FGM is composed of the combination of two or more materials. FGM increases the bond strength between the layers compared to conventional composite materials, eliminating stress at the interface layers, and reducing cracks. However, further studies are required to understand the behaviour of the FGM plate. Finite element analysis (FEA) was considered to evaluate the convergence behaviour of the FGM plates. The Discrete Kirchhoff-Mindlin Triangular (DKMT) element is employed in the analysis. Studies regarding the FGM plates with the DKMT element were limited to square shapes and skew shapes. Thus, this study aims to study the convergence behaviour of the rectangular FGM plates composed of ceramic and metal. The FEA was carried out in different types of meshing, ratio a/h, ratio a/b, the power-law index, and boundary conditions. The analysis results indicate that the application of the DKMT element in analyzing the FGM plates gives good asymptotic and convergence behaviour. Thus, this method has proved reliable and sustainable.

One of the impacts of climate change is drought, which will disrupt plant growth. Silica can increase plant growth even in drought-stress conditions, but few rice farmers use Si fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of silicate combined with NPK fertilizer on the growth of rice plants. The study was conducted experimentally using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications, namely 7 treatments of NPK fertilizer and Si fertilizer combinations and 2 treatments in the form of control and NPK fertilizers (Urea 300 kg ha-1 , SP 20 180 kg ha-1, and KCL 100 kg ha-1). The results showed that the use of Si (silica fertilizer) combined with NPK fertilizer increased the growth of rice plants, as indicated by the growth of plant height 4.30% higher in the application of ¾ NPK Fertilizer + 1 Silica Fertilizer dose and the number of tillers 1.55% more in the application of ¾ NPK fertilizer + ¼ silica fertilizer dose compared to the standard NPK treatment at the maximum vegetative period.

Earthquake rapid assessment after an earthquake is critical to gather the data for public damaged houses. In the past, many methods were used for assessing damaged houses, while most used manual methods by writing or filling out a print-out form. This type of method took up a lot of time to collect the data from every assessor and assessed as having many shortcomings. It caused the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) to develop an application-based data collecting tool called “InaRISK” as an improvement to the existing rapid assessment method. Even though this application has made some breakthroughs; there are still some drawbacks, especially in using the application without an internet connection that affected to the data validation. So, the Andalas University Team decided to develop an improvement to InaRISK called “E-RA (Earthquake Rapid Assessment)” that can used without an internet connection and is more accessible. This paper discusses the development of a rapid assessment application called E-RA for collecting damaged houses data after an earthquake.

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) has become a new technological innovation that effectively accelerates electrification due to their short charging and swapping processes. On the other hand, developing charging infrastructure, such as charging stations, still needs to be improved in Indonesia. The absence of government policies regulating charging station design has led each electric motorcycle company to innovate with their own standards. This research aims to implement a proposed Battery Swap Station (BSS) model to minimize swapping costs by optimizing the charging schedule for each exchanged battery based on a case study of one electric motorcycle service provider in Solo. Three factors are considered in searching for the objective function: the number of batteries taken from the stock during daily operations, battery degradation resulting from high charging scheme usage, and the electricity cost used at the station. Genetic Algorithms are proposed to determine the optimal charging scheduling, resulting in the minimum objective function. A series of battery swapping demand case studies are simulated to assess the feasibility of the proposed model, which can serve as a policy reference for the government and companies.

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis and review of the progress of sustainable biofuel supply chain research. Based on a search of the Scopus database, it resulted in 208 articles published from 2013 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis examines the results by observing keywords, journal trends, and authorship. The results of the analysis of publication trends or publication developments show an increase in article publications in the field of sustainable biofuel supply chain research. Mapping science analysis forms a classification of articles to analyze research themes that have emerged over the past ten years, and to present future research.

This paper discusses how a manufacturer and two competing retailers interact to develop an inventory model considering a carbon tax, green investment, and product selling price under stochastic demand to maximize the profitability of the supply chain. It is assumed that the manufacturer replenishes all the retailers at the same time and period. Since there are two competing retailers, the product selling price at each retailer impacts not only its demand but also the other retailer’s demand. This paper also considers the implementation of green technology since there is a carbon tax for activities that produce carbon emissions such as production, transportation, and holding activities in the supply chain. The validity of the inventory model will be tested through sensitivity analysis and numerical examples.

This paper develops an inventory model for a closed-loop supply chain system (CLSC) involving of a manufacturer and retailer. A carbon tax policy is applied to cut down emission from production. transportation, and storage. To lessen the emissions, the manufacturer invests in green technologies. The manufacturer’s production process is assumed to be imperfect, so the lot deliveries to the retailer contain imperfect products. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the joint total cost incurred by the supply chain. The objective of the model is to minimise total cost by determining the shipment size, number of deliveries, green investment, and safety factor. A numerical example and a sensitivity analysis are presented to show the application of the model and to investigate the influence of key parameters on the performance of the model.

This paper proposes an integrated inventory model for a single distributor and a single retailer under stochastic demand and periodic review policy. The implementation of a carbon tax policy aims to reduce emissions from transportation, loading-unloading, and storage activities. To lessen the emissions from the operations, we proposed a model using electric equipment (i.e., truck and forklift) to evaluate the long-term impact of the operation cost and sustainability of the forklift and truck by comparing the electric and diesel equipment. This study utilizes the joint economic lot size (JELS) approach to minimize the joint total cost while taking ecological considerations into account. A proper solution algorithm is developed to find the optimal decision variables (review period, number of shipments, and safety factor), which minimize the joint total cost. The results show that electric equipment can reduce emissions and fossil fuel consumption as well as expenses incurred by both parties.

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), especially battery-based electric vehicles (BEVs), requires battery recharging facilities. Battery charging station (BCS) is an important component in EVs ecosystem. EVs requires BCS infrastructure for battery recharging. Limited battery range in one full charge is a concern for EVs users which is often called range anxiety so the number and placement of BCS must be adequate to prevent EVs from running out of battery in the middle of the trip. This study uses the real data of Trans Java toll road network, specifically the Semarang-Ngawi section for running numerical experiment to test the performance of the proposed model. Rest areas on toll roads are considered as candidate points for BCS locations. The proposed model is a set cover model formulated into binary integer programming. The Simplex algorithm in Microsoft Excel Solver is used to find the optimum solution on numerical experiment. Four locations are found as the optimum locations of BCS, i.e rest area r3, r6, r9, and rest area r12. The novelty of this study is combining the path-based approach with node-based approach to get a more compact set cover model.

Most MSMEs, especially micro-enterprises, do not have good business accounting records, making it difficult for owners/managers to measure the profitability of their companies. Internal control management has a significant influence in reducing fraud in Micro Enterprises. The more principles-based accounting rules, the shorter the delay in annual reporting disclosures. It is important to have a good financial reporting system that can be utilized by Micro Enterprises and its cooperation partners who provide and distribute funds. ISSuFiRs is a web-based application that enables Islamic Financial Cooperatives to track the business progress of their financing partners. With this application, micro businesses can disclose their business activities in these financial records in accordance with the SAK-ETAP national accounting standards. Reporting on this system includes balance sheet, profit and loss, cash flow, sources, use of ZIS funds, and comments on financial reports. This study presents a prototyping framework that enables user value perception, evaluation, and continuous improvement of ISSuFiR design quality through co-creation methods. It is hoped that a simple and effective financial reporting system, ISSuFiRs, will be useful for Micro Enterprises and Islamic Financial Cooperatives to monitor business developments. This study proposes a prototyping framework that enables the user's perception of value. The framework is expected to be implemented in industrial product service systems, evaluated and then concluded. This research is ongoing, with a new prototype being rebuilt based on the evaluation results.

Currently, botanical seeds of shallots or the true seed shallot (TSS) are becoming more accessible. The problem is that seeding botanical seeds requires the proper media to support the seeds to grow healthy and produce tubers as qualified as that from tuber seeds. The study aimed to obtain the seedling media's type and thickness to support optimal TSS growth. The study was arranged in a factorial design with two treatment factors: media type and media thickness. The environmental design is a Split Plot, with the main plot being a media type consisting of soil (soil + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) and cocopeat (cocopeat + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) as sub-plots is the thickness of the planting medium, with two levels of 3 and 5 cm, with five replications. The results showed that based on shoot length, stem diameter, root length, and total chlorophyll content, it was found that soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 5 cm gave the best vegetative growth as well as the chlorophyll content compared to soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 3 cm. The results of this study provide information that using media with a thickness of 5 cm gives better seed growth than media of 3 cm.

The study aims to analyze the increase in farmers' knowledge and attitudes to technological innovations in soybean production using the dissemination method. The study was carried out from October 2020 to January 2021 by combining the dissemination of meetings information and technology demonstrations in the Grobogan Regency. Data collection used a survey before (pre-test) and after (post-test) evaluation in the dissemination implementation. Respondents were determined using purposive sampling, 35 cooperative farmers in disseminating soybean technology innovation activities. The data were descriptively analyzed using the average value, percentage, and paired sample t-test. The enhancement of farmers' knowledge is analyzed based on the percentage of correct answers by farmers. Changes in farmers' attitude-response are implemented into a radar graph. The study results showed that after attending meetings information and technology demonstrations, the farmers' knowledge of soybean production technology increased by 21.1%. The pre-test results showed that farmers already had a positive attitude and response to soybean production technology, with an average score of 2.64. The post-test results showed that farmers' positive attitudes and responses increased, with an average score of 2.84.

The welfare of small farmer households has been essential; however, many of them who rely upon only on-farm find it difficult to cover their household expenses. The aims of the study were to identify various types of farmer household income sources and to analyze factors affecting farmer household income and expenditure. The study conducted in Boloh village, Toroh sub-district of Grobogan district from July to August 2018 analyzed data collected qualitatively, which referred to data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions using interactive analysis. The result showed that the average income of farmer households from on-farm was IDR. 18.987.000 per year, off-farm IDR. 14,825,000, and non-farm was IDR 25,925,000 per year; thus, the total of both was IDR 4,978,000 per month on average. Meanwhile, the average the total expenses was IDR 24,335,000 per year or IDR 2,028,000 per month consisting of food and transportation (61%), housing and appliances (6%), Household Facilities (13%), education and health (4%), agriculture (3%), and others (14%). Farmers depending only on agricultural activities without having non-farm jobs shall not be able to cover household expenses needed. Farmers should change their agricultural practices from traditional to modern. The government should have farmer provided supporting policy.

The character of growth and production of hybrid maize seeds in Bima URI 20 used a three-way cross. The female elders of Bima 4 variety and male elders (G180 / Mr14 x Nei 9008P). The research objective was to see the relationship between growth and three-bonded mother trees in the production of Bima 20 URI hybrid maize seeds. The research was conducted in Kendal Regency with an area of 2 hectares in MK-1 2019 through the OFCOR (On-Farm Client-Oriented Research) approach. This research uses descriptive analysis and the relationship between variables. The results showed that genetic and environmental factors influenced the growth of parent seeds. Rise of male elders 96.5%, female elders 98.6%, Tall plants 208.5 cm, male elders 148.4 cm, ear height 74.1 cm, male elders 57.9 cm, age the female flowers 50.35, and male flowers 47.8. The results of the assessment test for the parameters of ear weight assessment, seed weight per ear, and 1000 dry seed weight resulted in a value of 0.8-0.9 that indicated that the characters had a strong effect on plant productivity and growth.

Self-supply of drinking water is implemented in areas where the coverage of piped water services is inadequate, low incomes residents, and poor performance of piped water supply. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is a method of evaluating all costs incurred and is used to track the financing of the drinking water sector. This study analyses LCC of self-supply water in the Metro City, Indonesia. A field survey was conducted using a questionnaire in October 2020 for households in Metro City that captured information on costs incurred for household water use. It was observed that self-supply water uses in Metro City accounts for 92.86.30% of all water supplies. The average recurrent expenditure is Rp.224,344/ year with mean of capital cost is Rp.275,273. Most expensive cost for self-supply is borehole. High cost of borehole due deeper groundwater source, borehole use more pump electricity and higher drilling cost. This funding for selfsupply water is carried out independently by the households. These results highlighted the importance of self-financing for the water supply sector. Increased reliability and safety of self-supply require a better awareness of the costs and benefits of developing water sources. Furthermore, selfsupply water requires better governance to achieve safe water access.

The development of maize in shade areas is one of the efforts to increase the national maize production.The study objective was to determine the growth and yield adaptation of hybrid maize in shaded areas. The study was conducted in the sengon forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency from March to September 2020. The study was designed using a randomized block design with split-split plots with treatments including: a) shade density (0%, 20% and 40%) as the main plot; b) cultivation technology (PTT and existing farmers) as sub-plots; and c) varieties (JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18) as sub-plots. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in order to obtain 18 treatment combinations and each replication was planted in a plot with a size of 350 m2. The parameters observed included the percentage of plants growing, plant height at harvest, age 50% male flowers, age 50% female flowers, cob height, cob length, cob weight, cob diameter, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per row, weight of dry seeds, seed moisture content, yield per plot and yield per hectare. The data were processed by analysis of variance and if there is a significant difference, it was further tested with DMRT at the 5% level. The results showed that the shading had a very significant effect on most of the yield components, namely cob length, number of seed rows per cob, wet and dry shell weight per 10 cobs, wet stubble weight per 10 plants, wet stubble weight, and dry shell weight. However, there is no significant effect on the growth components of growth power, cob circumference and cob position. The growth and yield adaptation of maize was better at 20% shade density compared to 40% shade density. On land with a shade density of 20%, the highest productivity was obtained in the Bisi 18 of 5.9 t/ha with a potential yield of 62.7%, followed by Nasa 29 of 5.8 t/ha with a potential yield of 58.41%, and JH 37 as much as 5.2 t/ha with a potential yield of 25%.

The Smart Market application is a web application that useful for making easier of traders and consumers to carry out buying and selling activities in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In advances technology, it is very relevant to implement website-based buying and selling which is quite easy to reach. Hence these activities become more practical and efficient by online without leave the house and it can be seen by the wider community. Another advantage is that the public can see product price updates so that they can find out the price and prevent the market price of raw materials which tends to fluctuate and become a big government homework that never ends. With the increasingly competitive market competition, the Smart Market system was built to maintain the existence of traditional markets and retain customers who tend to like to shop online. The system has been built by proposing research methodologies including, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The system has been tested to see the ability using black box techniques and it is found that all features have been running well in accordance with the expected results.

The tourism agent information system is an information system that brings together people who need tourism agents with tourism agent providers. This information system contains offers of tourism packages in several well-known tours that are often visited, this system is also available with request packages which will be directed to the admin to confirm with the desired request package. This system does not only contain offers about tour packages but also provides information and education about these tours, making it easier for users to choose the desired tour packages because they have received education or an overview of the tour. The development stages implemented include surveys, needs analysis, dedication, and implementation. Surveys and needs analysis serve as stages used in finding target users and their needs. User Interface Design is used to make user interaction as simple and efficient as possible, in terms of achieving user goals or what is often referred to as user-centered design. Conversion of the user interface design is done by choosing the right programming language on the web and generating an information system.

A standard code for designing earthquake-resistant buildings in Indonesia has always improved and updated year by year. It starts 1983, SNI 1726:2002, SNI 1726:2012, and the latest one SNI 1726:2019 Standard Codes. There is a procedure scope change for designing seismic load to become wider due to the adoption of a new standard, SNI 1726:2019. This research aims to compare the building design by using the response spectrum 2D method of SNI 1726:2012 and 2019 to determine the safety of existing buildings that use the old code. The structure of the building is modelled as a classroom and office building with a height of 15.50 m in Bengkalis State Polytechnic, Riau Province, namely Gedung Kuliah Terpadu (GKT) II Building. The reviewed structure behaviors are internal forces (bending moment, shear, and axial forces) on the structural elements (beams and columns). The result is directly proportional to rising in SDS and SD1 by 3.60% and 19.02%, respectively. By this rising, it affects the response spectra graph that has increased in SNI 1726:2019. The results prove that the change of design by using SNI 1726:2012 to 2019 has an effect, even though the calculation of the building structure forces still uses the old codes, but it meets the safe limits using designing with the SNI 1726:2019 method. This paper also compares the design of the structural elements by using SNI 2847:2019 codes with the planning of the existing building before. Overall, the building structure can be classified as able to withstand seismic force based on the new standard method.

Setback irregularities are considered where discontinuity between adjacent stories is excessive. This irregularity caused the probability of high damage at structures subjected to strong earthquake motion. For this purpose, this study was conducted by modeling the steel special moment frame (SMF) structures using a finite element calculation program with nonlinear static analysis compared to Padang city’s response spectrum. The buildings are also modeled with two types of setbacks: single and multiple setbacks. The results of this paper are discussed including the explanation of many parameters that relate to elastic and inelastic seismic responses of steel special moment frame (SMF). Based on the results, the setback irregularities, both single and multiple setbacks, the inelastic seismic responses are adequately sufficient to SNI 1726 2019 regarding drift limit. The other seismic responses are also discussed in terms of fundamental periods, inter-story drifts, story stiffness, and base shear. Referred to Indonesian Seismic Provision, SNI 1726 2019, it is found that single setback building has more adequate than multiple setbacks in terms of seismic responses. Then, the seismic assessments between these setbacks are explained to address the recommendations about future prevention toward damages and failures in steel buildings.

The amount of potential investment in Padang City, Indonesia since 2017 attracted many investors to contribute to the city. One of the investments is a 12-story hotel that will be constructed in By Pass Street of the city. The hotel is located in a high seismic zone area, so the seismic base isolation has been proposed to be used in the hotel building. The main aim of using a seismic base isolation device is to reduce the inertia forces introduced in the structure due to earthquakes by shifting the fundamental period of the structure out of dangerous resonance range and concentration of the deformation demand at the isolation system. An analytical study on the Reinforced Concrete (RC) hotel building with and without rubber bearing (RB) base isolation is carried out using the response spectrum and time history analysis methods. The results show that internal forces and inter-story drift of the building with high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) are lower than that of the fixed base with a remarkable margin. From this study, it is recommended to use the HDRB base isolation for medium and high rise buildings with soft soil in Padang City, Indonesia.

The liquefaction phenomenon is the increase in water pressure in the soil, which will reduce the soil strength in supporting the load and loss of binding power between its grains. Soil liquefaction usually occurs when there is a seismic movement in the soil layer due to seismic (earthquakes) loads. Therefore, the building constructed in the soil liquefaction prone area should be designed according to the standard code. However, many design consultants do not pay attention to this condition and the building still was designed as usual even the building is located on soil liquefaction prone area. In 2018, a 3-story dormitory building structure of Hamka’s boarding school was constructed on soil liquefaction prone area in Padang city. After reviewing the design document, it was found that the consultant did not consider the soil liquefaction in its structural analysis. In this study, an evaluation of the building structure was carried out to investigate the capacity of the building in resisting the loads. From the soil evaluation using the soil Cone Penetration Test (CPT) result, it was found that the location of the dormitory building has a liquefaction potential at a depth of 1.2 - 8 meters. Considering the soil liquefaction potential in the building, the structural analysis results show that the capacity of the dormitory building, especially column, beam and foundation were not strong enough to resist the combination loads acting on the structures. Therefore, the building structure should be strengthened to face the further big earthquake that will cause the soil liquefaction.