Search

Sustainable development is a concept that has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing global concerns about environmental degradation, social inequality, and economic instability. This paper aims to explore the socio-economic and theoretical-methodological aspects of sustainable development. It begins by defining sustainable development and discussing its three pillars: economic, social, and environmental. The paper then delves into the socio-economic aspects, focusing on the relationship between sustainable development and poverty alleviation, inequality reduction, and economic growth. Next, it explores the theoretical and methodological frameworks used to analyze and measure sustainable development, including the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of integrating socio-economic and theoretical-methodological aspects to achieve sustainable development.

The paper highlights the issues of spatial development of Russia's territory and its regions. The authors substantiate the interrelation of spatial development and sustainable development of territories, where the spatial organization of the country's economy is considered as one of the directions of achieving sustainable development. The problems of spatial development are analysed and disclosed. As an important indicator of the imbalance of modern spatial development of regions and the whole territory of the Russian Federation is considered the population density and concentration of economic activity, which have a close relationship and historical features of formation. The paper substantiates the allocation of macrozones and macroregions for a comprehensive analysis of social and economic problems and determining the prospects of spatial development of the Russian Federation regions. Statistical indicators in the context of six macrozones are given and analysed. The authors substantiate the allocation of macrozones from the position of the theory of economic zoning of the territory of Russia, which was applied before 2000, and the formation of Federal Districts as a result of the introduction of a new political and administrative reform of the country. The authors identify the regularities of development of six macrozones based on the results of analysing a sample of statistical indicators and trends in their dynamics. The study formulates and substantiates the problems of persisting imbalance and disproportions in the spatial development of Russia's regions and territory. In order to solve this problem, the authors propose a multilevel realization model of spatial development of the territory the Russian Federation, in which the criteria of differentiation are defined at the following levels: macro-level and meso-level. The basis for solving the problems of spatial differentiation is the choice by each region of a clear strategy of socio-economic development, the development which is fixed at the state level and is mandatory.

Higher education for sustainable environment focuses on teaching and promoting sustainability principles and practices in various environmental fields. This paper explores international practices in higher education for a sustainable environment and provides a preliminary analysis of the factors influencing environmental sustainability in higher education institutions in Russia, using the case of Ural State University of Economics. The paper highlights the importance of integrating sustainability into the curriculum, establishing institutional policies, monitoring progress, conducting research, adopting sustainable campus practices, engaging with communities, and involving students in sustainability initiatives. The paper also emphasizes the need for teachers to adopt active and interactive teaching methods and be well-versed in competency-oriented education and interactive teaching methods. It is concluded that higher education institutions play a crucial role in advancing environmental sustainability by equipping students with the knowledge, skills, and values needed for a sustainable and resilient future.

The relationship between leadership style and employee commitment is a vital aspect of organization dynamics. The leadership can be broadly defined as the relationship between an individual and a group built around some common interest where in the group behaves in a manner directed or determined by the leader (Shastri et al., 2010). This paper explores how various leadership styles, such as transformational, transactional and laissez faire, impact employee commitment levels. The study examines the leaders’ communication, decision making methods, and motivation strategies on employee’s emotional attachment to the organization and their willingness to contribute. By analyzing existing literature and empirical studies, this paper highlights the nuanced connections between leadership styles and employee commitment. Understanding these connections can provide insights for organization seeking to enhance employee commitment through effective leadership approaches.

The aim of our paper is economic vulnerability assessment in the water sector of Montenegro, with a focus on electricity production in hydropower plants. The absence of an officially defined methodology in Montenegro, as well as in the region of South-East Europe represents a kind of challenge for research of this type especially for the assessment of economic damage caused by climate change and in the future period. In our paper, we treated negative impacts in the water sector as additional costs for the import of electricity due to reduced electricity production caused by the reduction of water potential due to climate change. After collecting, processing and analyzing data on electricity production in Montenegro, we prepared a projection of this production in the future period for the basic scenario - “without climate change”. This was followed by an assessment of the quantitative damage, in accordance with the determined climate scenarios. After analyzing electricity prices in the European market, we defined future unit were defined as a basis for damage assessment. We conclude the paper with the calculation and projection of economic damages caused by climate change in the Montenegrin energy sector. The basic variant of the analysis would be the existing price of electricity imports for 2022, in the amount of 200 EUR per MWh. The other two variants would be one higher and one lower electricity import prices (250 and 150 EUR per MWh, respectively), in order to gain an overview of the future price fluctuations in a certain way.

Public-private partnership mechanism in the investment process the the service sector is becoming very attractive in developing countries. Therefore, public-private partnership is an important tool for ensuring the socio-economic development of the country and an important source of financial resources for investment projects that retain control of public authorities and cooperate with investors. The paper studies the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of public-private partnership in the service sector, the forms and conditions of mutually beneficial relations between partners, the goals and objectives of the public-private partnership project, cooperation through public and private sector assets and management skills, and public-private partnership. Furthermore, the paper analyzes expected obstacles and limitations of the private partnership, the process of organizing cooperation projects, assessment of project effectiveness and the impact of economic risks on it, key indicators for determining the effectiveness of the investment project, integrated economic efficiency of the investment project, budget efficiency in public-private partnership.

Considering taxes to be the universally recognized regulator of the economy, related ideas on the proper organization of tax relations are being promoted in various scientific papers. The relevance of this problem is caused, firstly, by the choice of a model of tax regulation within the framework of the general economic situation, by thoughts that are about “tax relations”, “principles of taxation”, “mechanism taxation”, “about the nature of the tax”, and secondly the within the framework of the tax system operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the instruments of tax relations are characterized by high economic inefficiency. The purpose of this research is to generalize the works on tax relations, improve tax regulation, develop the necessary proposals and recommendations to enhance the role of tax regulation mechanisms in the framework of improving tax policy that aimed at ensuring high economic growth. The paper also analyzes theories of tax regulation in the framework of using tax regulation mechanisms in order to ensure the growth of income (profit) of economic entities with a simultaneous decrease in the share of tax revenues in GDP. By defining the economic boundaries of tax policy, it is possible to solve not only the problems of economic growth of the country as whole, but also social issues in changing economic conditions. The paper also analyzes the opinions of various domestic and foreign economists on tax relations.

This paper presents the implementation of a natural and renewable resource cleaning machine, also known as the cow dung remover, which was developed to solve the cleaning challenges faced by small-scale dairy farmers in the village. The proposed solution aims to simplify the work of the farmers, eliminate the physical strain associated with manual cleaning, and reduce the labour-intensive effort required to clean the dairy farm. The machine is operated using levers and has a scrapping plate connected to it, as well as a water tank. The device was designed to be economical, easy to operate, and environmentally friendly. The paper describes the methodology used to develop the machine, including experiments and simulations conducted. The hardware requirements, results, and findings of the project are presented, as well as the interpretation and discussion of the results in the context of the research area. The paper concludes by summarizing the main findings of the project and suggesting directions for future research. The cow dung remover project contributes to SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) 7 by providing a practical solution that enhances the sustainability and affordability of energy use in small-scale dairy farming, while also promoting a cleaner and more efficient approach to waste management and energy utilization.

Nearly every single day, research reports testify new evidences of substantial environmental degradation occurring around the world, impacting the lives of millions of people. As a notion, this environmental degradation that pertains to both naturally existing mechanisms of environmental or ecosystem degradation and ecological destruction due to anthropogenic activities is commonly referred to as Ecocide. While there is a significant body of research on ecocide, there appears to be a noticeable absence of bibliometric analyses dedicated to comprehensively studying and exploring this field. While the majority of literature in the area of environmental degradation revolves around the detrimental impacts of ecocide, there is a dearth of studies exploring the past, present and future of extant literature using bibliometric analysis. This research adopts bibliometric methodology to glean significant insights into the progress made in this field, delving into research articles published from 1990 to 2022. The paper aims to classify the available literature on Ecocide based on bibliometric criteria, including publication year, geographical region, authorship, affiliated institution, and source. Also, a bibliometric analysis of keyword co-occurrence to understand the mainstream themes underpinning the Ecocide literature was performed. The paper also reviews the legal frameworks and comes up with future areas of research in the domain of ecocide. This work can help find commonalities and connections in the published works. With this knowledge, researchers might build stronger partnerships and reach a larger audience with their advances. This research can fill up the gaps in the extant literature and provide new directions for research and policymaking.

Cryptocurrency has emerged as a revolutionary innovation that has been replacing traditional finances and enthralling the worldwide technology landscape. This has gained a lot of popularity worldwide for its potential to enable peer-to-peer transactions and offer opportunities for investment and novelty. Nevertheless, it gives rise to issues concerning regulatory adherence, instability, and security apprehensions, turning them into a topic of continuous evaluation and investigation within the fields of finance and technology. This research paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the historical evolution of “Ethereum” as one of the leading blockchain platforms, with a primary focus on price prediction using a long-short-term memory (LSTM) machine learning model. The study includes various critical aspects of Ethereum, starting from its historical evolution to its potential future scope in scaling solutions and payments, and also covering the insights of Ethereum’s tokenomics, utility, and beyond. In addition, the methodology involves using the LSTM model to analyze data from Ethereum. The accuracy of price predictions is assessed by evaluating error metrics and further improved by visualizing the data through graphs that show indicators. This paper gives an in-depth perspective for anyone who is seeking a holistic understanding of cryptocurrencies, mainly concentrated on Ethereum, and also provides valuable guidance to investors, developers, and enthusiasts, encouraging them to make knowledgeable decisions in the everchanging blockchain ecosystem.

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: Agenda 2030, the government of India has taken several steps to improve healthcare services. Public expenditure plays a crucial role in achieving the agenda of good health and well-being. While the public expenditure on healthcare in India has been quite low around 2.1% of GDP, various financial reforms have been made to improve the fiscal capacity of the states. However, the healthcare expenditure in India has neither been sufficient nor sustainable. The paper highlights that the centralized fiscal federal design in the Indian Constitution poses challenges to revenue generation and mobilization by the States. There has been a huge decline in the revenue-generating ability of the states from 1998-99 to 2020-21 which has reduced the fiscal autonomy of the states by making them dependent for 47% of their resources on the Centre. This declining fiscal autonomy of the states and increasing dependence on the centre for resources affect the public expenditure on healthcare which primarily is the subject matter of the state list. Thus, the paper suggests the need and ways for sustainable healthcare financing in India.

The vulnerability of the tribals to lose more than the commodity value of land due to large dam projects in the North East has not been given due attention both in policy space and empirical research. Also, the question of whether the living standards of the already displaced tribals have improved after dam construction has not been treated with rigour. The paper tries to disaggregate the social disruption effects of large dam construction along the lines of gender, religious identity and ethnic conflicts and question the conventional economics of resettlement. The study examines the claimed effects (and benefits) of large dams on tribal communities made in non-empirical papers and government documents using available real-world examples from the north-east. The study also validates the findings from the literature through a sentiment analysis of newspaper articles and a public opinion survey of dams in the north-east. This crossexamination is expected to serve as a foundation for further empirical research.

– The characterised by heightened environmental awareness and rapid technical progress, the finding of sustainable design and production has arisen as a pressing imperative. The abstract concept discussed here beyond the conventional limits of various industries, as it involves a dynamic combination of innovation, ethics, and ecological responsibility. The research paper Harmonising Innovation explores the complex relationship between advanced technologies, circular design principles, and ethical manufacturing methods in order to establish a novel framework for achieving sustainable harmony. This expedition delves at both the observable alterations of goods and procedures, as well as the intangible interconnectedness between mankind and our world. The concept of sustainability extends beyond mere rhetoric and encompasses a deep alignment between innovation, ethical principles, and ecological accountability. The paper undertakes a profound exploration that follow into the complex dynamics between state-of-the-art technologies, circular design concepts, and ethical manufacturing practises. The scope of this journey encompasses more than just the alteration of goods and procedures.

High-rise slender structures have become increasingly prevalent in modern urban landscapes due to the demand for efficient land use and sustainable development. However, these tall and slender buildings are susceptible to various structural challenges, including wind-induced vibrations and lateral deformations. To mitigate these issues and ensure the safety and comfort of occupants, outrigger systems have emerged as a popular structural solution. Through a thorough examination of their structural performance, the outrigger systems used in high-rise, slender structures are examined in this study to determine how they behave and how successful they are. In this way, the design base shear for the entire structure is calculated and distributed over its height. Response spectrum analysis employs eigen value analysis to identify natural frequencies and mode shapes. While time history analysis is a method for figuring out the precise reaction of a structure as a function of time, it is used to compute the peak response. The equation of motion is typically numerically integrated step by step to calculate the response history. This paper explores the impact of earthquakes on outrigger systems in high-rise slender structures. Outrigger systems, which typically consist of horizontal beams connecting the core and the perimeter of the building, play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of seismic activity. These systems provide stiffness and strength to the structure, limiting lateral sway and reducing damage during an earthquake. This paper innovative technologies and construction techniques that enhance the earthquake resilience of outrigger systems. This includes the use of advanced materials, base isolators, and dampers to improve the performance of high-rise slender structures during seismic events.

This research paper explores Karnataka's pivotal role in the global transition to green hydrogen as a sustainable energy solution. While historically reliant on conventional energy sources, Karnataka's abundant renewable resources, including solar and wind potential, position it as a frontrunner in the green hydrogen revolution. The paper identifies and addresses challenges across technical, economic, regulatory, and infrastructure domains, offering innovative solutions and policy recommendations. It underscores the establishment of regional hydrogen clusters tailored to sectors like transportation, grid stability, industry, fuelling networks, rural electrification, and sustainable agriculture. From transforming transportation in Mangalore to driving industrial advancements in Belagavi, Karnataka's regional clusters offer tailored solutions for unique energy needs. The integration of green hydrogen into agriculture and irrigation practices in Kolar exemplifies the state's commitment to eco-friendly farming and sustainable development. Karnataka's visionary approach to green hydrogen not only demonstrates its dedication to environmental sustainability but also positions it as a pioneering player in the green hydrogen landscape, driving innovation, economic growth, and a clean energy future.

The construction industry is the driver to the social and economic development of a country. However, the construction industry is capital intensive and resource-reliance with high risk. These characteristics of the construction industry show high vulnerability to financial uncertainties. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the financial performance of the construction companies in Malaysia with goal programming (GP) model. This paper found that ECONBHD, GADANG, and MELATI have high liabilities while GADANG and MELATI have low profits. The powerful GP model has highlighted that the construction companies have high liquidity and solvency risks and could face problems to sustain their operations. This study could help the companies to determine the decremental and incremental values to reach the benchmark values for better financial performance.

This paper offers a thorough examination of case studies within the realm of management science research, specifically concentrating on the intersecting themes of digitalization and sustainability. Emphasizing case studies as a central research methodology, it underscores their effectiveness in exploring nuanced aspects of management, especially in light of contemporary challenges posed by digitalization and sustainability. The article highlights the significance of case studies in uncovering the intricate dynamics of digitalization and sustainability within organizational frameworks. It explores how these studies yield insights into the integration of digital technologies, the optimization of sustainable practices, and the complex interplay between the two. Additionally, it underscores the capacity of case studies to provide valuable empirical evidence, fostering a contextualized understanding of how organizations navigate the complexities associated with digital transformation while prioritizing sustainability goals. In conclusion, the paper advocates for the continual exploration and application of case studies as a robust methodology in management science research. It argues that case studies offer a holistic and practical approach to examining the intricate relationship between digitalization and sustainability, contributing to a nuanced understanding of management practices in the evolving landscape of contemporary business environments.

The paper utilizes the Cobb-Douglas production function with renewable energy and digitalization to estimate the sustainable economic growth factors in the EU. Neoclassical economic theory emphasizes the role of capital and labor as input variables in the output growth models, while novel growth theories are endogenous and emphasize the role of technological advances in economic development. The time frame of the research covers 2011-2021 in order to include the latest available data for all 27 EU member states economies. The research method was fixed-effects GLS regression for the panel data. This study has investigated the impact of different factors on sustainable economic growth. The paper proves that capital and labor as classical production function have a positive impact on GDP. Renewable energy development and digital economy were revealed to be drivers of sustainable economic growth. One of the policy implications is that the governments should promote renewables and digital economy with diverse range of policy instruments for sustainable economic growth promotion by decision-makers.

The paper explores the critical role of green risk management in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) within companies. As businesses increasingly recognize the significance of sustainability, they are confronted with various environmental, regulatory, and reputational risks that can impact their journey towards sustainability. Effective management of these green risks is imperative to ensure that companies not only meet their sustainability objectives but also contribute to broader societal and economic goals. The study used the COSO ERM methodology to select indicators for the assessment of green risk management efficiency at the company. The paper emphasizes the need for companies to integrate sustainability into their core strategies and operations. It highlights the importance of assessing and prioritizing green risks, staying compliant with evolving environmental regulations, building resilient supply chains, investing in green technologies, engaging stakeholders, and developing robust risk mitigation strategies. Moreover, transparent reporting is emphasized as a means to enhance accountability and trust among stakeholders.

Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a disruptive technology with the potential to revolutionize the financial landscape. This research paper aims to explore the topic of cryptocurrency adoption and its implications from multiple perspectives. This research paper is based on secondary data collected by researchers from various sources and papers reviewed by the researcher. It was clear from the secondary data that the cryptocurrency landscape continues to mature and overcome the challenges it faces, and the potential for Bitcoin and other digital assets to transform the global financial system and revolutionize the way we conduct transactions, store value, and access financial services seems increasingly likely. A cryptocurrency-based ecosystem can provide opportunities for new market entrants and support startups by facilitating the process of fundraising. For instance, initial coin offerings enable entrepreneurs and investors to finance new projects without the recourse to intermediaries and endorsements of traditional investors and financial bodies. Cryptocurrency is a constant evolution driven by a diverse and passionate community of developers, entrepreneurs, investors, and users. The future of money is being reimagined, and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are at the forefront of this exciting transformation.

The loads acting on the pressure face of hydraulic structures from the water mass of the reservoir during earthquakes are usually set in the form of a diagram of the coefficients of the added mass of water, while the hydrodynamic pressure of water along the height of the pressure face is distributed in proportion to the diagram of the obtained coefficients. The paper presents a solution to the problem of hydrodynamic water pressure on the pressure face of an earth dam at slope angles from 0 to 75 degrees (with respect to the vertical). Construction of isolines of the streamline function distributionψ (x, z) in the computational domain was carried out in PC MATLAB. Solution Δψ = 0 allows to build isolines of the distribution of the hydrodynamic pressure function φ(x, z) in the computational area. The paper presents hydrodynamic grids and graphs that make it possible to construct a diagram of the added mass of water for the entire range of emplacement of the upper slopes of dams. The developed method for solving the problem of hydrodynamic water pressure on the pressure face of the dam can be applied to any shape of the slope profile of the dam.

The results of the road surface wear observations in different periods of the year on one of the highways are considered in the paper. Reducing the rate of wear of road surfaces by car tires is an urgent task for the Russian Federation, since the state incurs huge losses owing to this. A set of measures is necessary to reduce the wear of road surfaces, especially during the period when studded tires are used on the cars. Additional researches related to the specifics of our country are required for developing such activities. Foreign measures cannot be applied without significant modification, since each country has its own approach to solving this issue. It is necessary to fulfill a research of wear mechanisms in the “car tire – road surface” system and obtain quantitative dependences of the wear rate on some external factors to substantiate organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing road surface wear. The article presents the results of observations of the rate of increase in the track and the road surface roughness degradation are presented in the paper. The following quantitative indicators were determined as a result of observations: the rate of change in rut depth due to the road surface wear; spectral density of the microprofile of road surface roughness during its wear. Preliminary conclusions were drawn about the mechanism of road surface wear and proposals were formulated for the trend of further researches based on the results of field studies.

The issues of improving the treatment of surface runoff (SRO), generated on the territory of communities of various functionality, in particular, the design of flow-type local facilities for surface runoff treatment are considered. It is noted that SRO generated on the territory of cities and communities is an intensive source of technogenic pollution of water bodies and affect the ecological safety of the urban environment. Herewith, to the front burner go the issues of developing advanced process systems for SRO treatment that provide for applying the latest developments of the sectoral research; as well as of upgrading the existing process schemes for SRO treatment, with account of the new approaches to the regulation of the pollution discharge into water bodies. The paper discusses the principle of decentralization of surface runoff treatment systems using biological treatment facilities. Based on experimental studies of the SRO composition the paper presents a list of the priority pollution indicators needed for designing SRO treatment systems. The recommended classification of flow-type SRO treatment facilities widely used in the engineering design, is given. The paper describes a new design of a flow-type SRO treatment plant developed as a result of the experimental studies with real SRO with a utility patent obtained.

Issues of ensuring the safety of working on height do not lose their relevance. Civil engineering is in the first place of the amount of injuries and deaths. It accounts for 17% of the structure of the main types of economy activity. The main reason of injuries is the fall from a height (30.5% of all injuries) More than 40% of accidents are lethal or cause partly or complete inability to work. The paper considers safety during ascent and descent on caged ladders, representing a way of collective protection. The construction of vertical ladders, arc cages and the mechanic of worker ascent are considered. Preliminary kinematic model of human fall has been considered during tests, using falling mannequin on caged ladders, with additional safety systems and without them. The analysis show, that caged ladders cannot provide enough protection and create an imaginary protection threat especially when the construction has three vertical bars, which has been set and tested. There is a high probability of falling on the ground or another platform. The paper shows, that cages are not as safe as personal protection equipment, installed on ladders. Some normative documents about vertical ladders allow falling from height less than 10m, which raises many questions about the safety of using that standards.

The paper deals with terracing techniques for multi-storey residential buildings on flat terrain. The relevance of terracing application in modern architecture is substantiated, as this architectural and planning method allows not only to radically change the visual qualities of a residential building, but also to enhance the planning qualities of apartments, supplementing them with additional individual open spaces. The paper outlines the classification of terracing techniques for multi-storey residential buildings from the point of forming their volumetric and spatial composition. An analysis of different terracing methods with examples from current world practice is presented. The presented terracing techniques demonstrate the great potential of this method in design practice both for achieving expressive architecture of buildings and complexes, and for improving the quality of urbanized residential environment in general.

Many cities suffer overpopulation and the presence of obsolete underutilised areas which sometimes are located in central city areas. Urban regeneration is an effective tool to “breathe life” into such spaces. Urban regeneration has become common in the last few decades; there are many successful cases of implemented or planned urban regeneration worldwide. The Authors of this paper study such best practices in order to identify current architectural trends in urban regeneration, which contribute to the creation of more green, resilient, sustainable, safe, accessible urban areas. The case studies shown in this article are the winning projects of the C40 Reinventing Cities competition, which is a global competition that was established to accelerate the development of decarbonised and resilient urban regeneration across the globe. This paper contributes to the knowledge through highlighting five architectural trends which are the most common and crucial for facilitating positive urban regeneration processes.

The paper contains the author’s definition of a sustainable economy as a concept of post-globalism; models of countries’ transition to sustainable economic, taking into account the required institutional and infrastructural transformations of the state regulation of the economy; methodology for assessing the economic stability of states in the dynamics of world economic relations. Paper defines the concept of modernizing the principles of state economic regulation; proves statistically that the geographical factor is a main determinant of the traditional and environmental predictors of capital sustainability; based on the results of comparative analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the world during the pandemic, the adequacy of the authors’ assessment of the economic stability of states is substantiates.

This paper tackles the pressing issue of insufficient automation in the boiler room industry, specifically concerning the crucial tasks of data collection and analysis pertaining to boiler status, fuel levels, and employee activity. Presently, these tasks often demand significant manual efforts, resulting in inefficiencies and potential errors. To address this challenge, the paper proposes the development of an innovative and cutting-edge system that aims to revolutionize the industry’s operations. The proposed system promises to seamlessly integrate and consolidate vital information related to fuel consumption, boiler performance, and employee actions into a unified and compact platform. By doing so, it endeavors to enhance overall efficiency, optimize resource allocation, minimize downtime, and improve decision-making processes. This new system’s successful implementation could potentially lead to greater productivity and safety standards within the boiler room industry, ushering in a new era of streamlined and automated operations.

In the modern era, the unprecedented growth of data and its consequential demands on transmission and storage systems have highlighted the necessity for efficient and secure information processing mechanisms. This paper delves into the potential of steganography as a robust tool for ensuring confidentiality by embedding data covertly within other files. Recognizing the limitations of traditional steganographic techniques in the face of expansive contemporary data sets, the paper explores the amalgamation of parallel programming with steganographic processes. Such a fusion promises to distribute computational tasks effectively, thereby reducing the overall execution time. Detailed discussions underscore the significance of data decomposition, process synchronization, and thread coordination, illustrating how parallel algorithms can markedly expedite concealed data embedding and extraction. However, inherent challenges like minimizing thread communication, optimizing shared data access, and preventing race conditions are brought to the fore. Solutions are proposed through diverse methods, tools, and design strategies aimed at streamlining workload distribution and enhancing task execution. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that blending steganography with parallel programming can potentially revolutionize data protection systems, with continual refinements in techniques and methods driving the domain towards offering more potent solutions for electronic data confidentiality and security.

The authors have developed an innovative botanical course that integrates genetic ideas into the botany curriculum. The process of choosing regional relics was conducted with the aim of illustrating the notions of full and partial dominion. This paper presents a novel phenetic approach for examining population genetic trends via the analysis of discrete alternative characteristics. In order to achieve this purpose, it is recommended to choose plant specimens from the local area that have significant morphological variety. This will allow students to actively participate in the collecting and study process during trips. The educational institution’s curriculum integrates research components and cultivates the growth of mathematical statistical skills for the purpose of conducting quantitative analysis of results. The exploitation of currently available regional objects demonstrates the concept of the law of homologous series in genetic diversity and mutagenesis in plants. One of the recommended papers provides a detailed and concentrated overview of the developmental cycles seen in the primary plant categories. The investigation of hybridization in plants is often undertaken via the examination of this phenomena over a diverse range of plant species, including both widely dispersed wild plants and cultivated varieties. These botanical specimens have the capacity to engage in crossbreeding, leading to the emergence of hybrids that may occur either naturally or by deliberate human intervention.

This paper describes a methodological approach that has been developed by the authors for assessment and modelling of sustainable development of industrial systems. Based on experimental testing of this methodological approach applied to the Republic of Tatarstan as an exemplary region, the authors have determined the industry-specific trends in terms of sustainable development of industrial complexes, which are regarded as the dominant elements of the sustainable economic growth process with prevalence of the upstream and high-tech sectors of the economy, along with unstable industries represented by low-tech sectors, as well as the so-called economic growth reinforcing industries. For each identified industrial group, prospects of growth and development have been evaluated as well. In this study the authors have also developed the sustainable growth models involving the models of production functions relevant to definite industrial groups (clusters). The authors furthermore have identified the key factors that are instrumental in better functioning of such groups (clusters). In the course of the production functions modelling, a closer connection between the economic potential and human capital has been tracked, which is particularly exemplified by two out of the three clusters being under review in this paper, namely, in volatile sectors of the economy, as well as in the economic growth reinforcing industries, but with one exception, however, involving the cluster of the economic development dominant elements – the upstream sector of the economy. As such, based on the resulting data, this study sets out the proofs of the “growing heaviness” of the economic development process due to the capital-intensive elements of the upstream sector of the economy, as opposed to a more flexible factor – the human capital.

The purpose of this article is to describe the role of professionally-oriented teaching in the development of dialogical and monological speech in a foreign language of the environmental protection and ecological faculties. The paper presents the main types of work with professionally-oriented text of the environmental protection and ecological themes, describes the types of exercises and methods of working with the text, and the advantages of using professionally-oriented texts of the environmental protection and ecological themes at the lessons in non-lingual educational institution. The use of texts of the environmental protection and ecological themes practices the skills of oral and written speech in a foreign language. The work with professional texts of the environmental protection and ecological themes adds to the vocabulary of the students. In the article, the authors proposed the types of work with the text in the classroom in the most interesting form. Reading professionally-oriented texts involves understanding and extracting information. Learning a foreign language in non-lingual educational institution is an interesting and exciting activity. Reading and understanding professionally-oriented texts of the environmental protection and ecological themes in a foreign language develops cognitive and communicative activities of students. In this paper, the authors proposed the most interesting exercises with texts. The presented work is devoted to the advantages of using texts in teaching students a foreign language in non-lingual educational institution. The article presents and describes the examples of texts application in the practice of foreign language teaching

An analysis of the sustainability of tariff pricing by operators of rolling stock in the railway industry has been conducted. The paper covers various aspects, including an analysis of wagon turnover, changes in the prices of leasing rolling stock, and the influence of market demonopolization on tariff rates. The dynamics of changes in leasing prices for various types of rolling stock, such as flatwagons, tank wagons, covered wagons, and platforms, are being investigated. The analysis presented in this paper is of significant importance for understanding and optimizing the management processes of railway transport, as well as for the development of sustainable pricing strategies that contribute to more efficient and economically sustainable activities in the railway transportation sector.

In this research papers, several fundamental questions connected with the assessment of the influence of subgrade stabilization using the geogrid reinforcing method on deformability of subgrade during thawing are considered, as also the basic provisions of methods of calculation of the stress-strain state of subgrade reinforced by geogrids during thawing. Several practically significant tasks, such as reduction of general deformability, reduction of uneven distribution of deformations, increase of bearing capacity, and ensuring the stability of earth bed during thawing, can be solved by using modern geomaterials in the construction of earth bed. In order to determine the degree of change in the deformation characteristics of the ground reinforced with planar geomaterials under varying factors of structural, operational, and technological nature, a series of laboratory stamping tests were performed. The test outcomes showed an increase in the total deformation modulus of reinforced soil, depending on the realized variant of reinforcement, under the condition of full inclusion of geomaterial in the work under load, and being the most essential for recompacted soils. The paper proposes a method of accounting for the influence of reinforcing layers of geomaterial on the deformability and bearing capacity of the earth bed during thawing using a conventionally homogeneous equivalent layer with parameters determined by the outcomes of die tests. The proposed method of calculating the stress-strain state of an earth bed reinforced with geogrids during thawing is based on the use of the finite element method and is an effective tool for solving practical tasks of railway construction, including permafrost conditions.

Ensuring that the strength and deformation parameters of a geotechnical massif are determined reliably is an important task when accepting and assessing the quality of ground reinforcement work carried out. The paper considers the existing approach to controlling deformation characteristics of reinforced ground massifs. A brief analysis of the existing method of assigning and checking the deformation characteristics of reinforced soil by means of reinforcement has been made; problems and drawbacks have been determined. The paper presents the results of a study aimed at improving the approach to control the deformation characteristics of reinforced ground massifs. A numerical model of the reinforced ground massif is offered for the prognosis of the geotechnical massif deformation changes. Method of processing the results of field tests of massifs reinforced with vertical elements when determining their deformation parameters is proposed.

This paper assesses the need to improve the energy efficiency of multi-apartment residential buildings in Rostov-on-Don, built in the period of industrial house building for the use of energy-efficient building materials. The paper analyses the existing housing stock, identifies the series of apartment buildings, determines the dynamics of construction by year, and the structural schemes of each series. Also, the heat transfer resistance of the building envelopes of all building series was calculated and high-performance insulation materials were selected according to the green materials assessment criteria.

In modern conditions the issues of providing the management of the economic entity with timely and reliable information about the financial and economic activities of the organization become particularly important. The main source of such information is the internal control of the accounting financial statements. The study's goal is to provide methodological tools for internal control of accounting financial statements in order to better control measure design and implementation. The primary directions of internal control were specified within the framework of the research, and working papers of internal control were prepared to contribute to the improvement of audit technique. To improve the planning of the internal control of the accounting financial statements a working document is offered that allows to increase the efficiency of the control measures and to systematize the results of the control procedures in a timely manner. The identified differences between the data of financial reports and data of accounting registers allow to draw conclusions about the deviations that may arise when transferring indicators from accounting registers to the reporting form. The internal control papers presented enable for the systematization of the outcomes of control processes and the provision of information to the economic entity's management for management choices.

In this paper, the authors present a modified LambdaRank ranking algorithm based on the mathematical apparatus of the basic machine learning model (LSTM). LambdaRank is an effective method for ranking objects according to their importance, so it is often used as a mandatory component in search engines and recommendation systems. In this paper, an improvement of the algorithm is proposed by using optimisation techniques and introducing additional parameters for more accurate and stable ranking. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified on experimental real application data. The obtained accuracy results of the upgraded algorithm have also been analysed and compared with the classical variation of LambdaRank.

This paper provides a solution to the heat transfer problem for a hollow elliptical cylinder under boundary conditions of the first and third kind. In this paper, a solution is given for the distribution of the temperature field in a field with an elliptical cross section under boundary conditions of the third kind. The solution is obtained by considering equidistant surfaces.

The injury rate in underground coal mining is extremely high. One of the factors leading to injuries in underground mining is rock bursts. Although rock bursts are not the most common cause of injury in this industry, their consequences are extremely severe. At the same time, the level of injuries as a result of the manifestation of this factor remains high and almost does not change over the past years. The paper presents a method for determining the risk of injury of varying severity as a result of rock bursts. Multifunctional security systems that allow obtaining information about the state of the rock mass are analyzed. Based on the data obtained from these systems, the probability of a rock burst is assessed. The paper also deals with the processing of statistical information on light, severe and fatal injuries caused by rock bursts in the coal mines of the Kuznetsk coal basin. On the basis of statistical data and the results of measurements of the main parameters of the rock mass, the value of the individual risk is determined. It is advisable to correlate the obtained value with the average occupational risk in production.

The relevance of creating a system of robotic plant protection is due to the need to preserve the planned yield and increase its competitiveness in the conditions of food security of the country and the region. Taking into account the decrease in the number of specialists and staff shortage in agriculture, related, among other things, to heavy physical work, the issue of transition to unmanned technologies in crop production becomes important. The paper describes the concept of an intelligent distributed system of robotic plant protection. The presented concept implies the creation of a multi-agent system consisting of autonomous mobile robots for various purposes: monitoring of crop condition, application of active substances (fertilisers and pesticides) and supplying the system with chemicals and energy. In addition, the paper describes the structure of autonomous mobile robots included in the plant protection system. The algorithm of the system operation is described, in particular, the question of full automation of the process of data collection and application of necessary chemicals to plantings is considered. The described system is based on the concept of “smart field”, when the main focus of agrotechnical operations from the whole field is switched to each individual plant. The use of a multi-agent system and open data exchange protocols will allow the proposed system to be easily scalable, and minor modifications to some of the autonomous robots included in the system will allow them to work with other crops. In addition, the article provides an economic assessment of the effectiveness of the introduction of such intelligent plant protection systems on the example of the introduction of an autonomous robot for monitoring and protection of maize crops.

The analysis focuses on current trends in the development of the national land market within the framework of sustainable development projects. It also addresses the challenges related to ensuring the market’s long-term sustainability and harmonization. This study examines the national land market and its ongoing structural changes in terms of both land ownership entities and categories, with an emphasis on sustainable and harmonious development. Attention is focused on the problematic aspects of stability, which become obvious when studying the current situation on the land market. These problems affect the economy, ecology, construction market, public and legal areas. The researchers also consider the unique characteristics of the land market that influence investment activity, emphasizing that these characteristics make the process of investing in the development of the land market complex and multifaceted. This process requires active advanced preparation for the harmonious development of the land market, which precedes sustainable construction. The paper also provides information about the system of state land registration in Russia, which is based on their categorization. This study focuses on the characteristics of the dynamic structural transformation of the national land market from 2005 to 2022, specifically examining the changes in ownership entities and categories. The analysis takes into account the market’s harmonization as a distinct commodity market with stringent requirements for sustainable development. In conclusion, the paper draws attention to the need for further research in the field of the land market, as a unique type of commodity market with special requirements for its sustainable and harmonious development.

The paper describes a study on static Ni2+ ions adsorption by native and treated shells of pea pods (Pisum sativum). Pea pod shells were treated with 1-3% sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions. Adsorption isotherms were constructed and calculated according to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tyomkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. It was found that all constructed isotherms were most accurately described by the Freundlich model. It was determined that the highest sorption capacity for Ni2+ ions was shown by 3% sulfuric acid solution-treated pea pods. The paper also describes a study of the kinetics of Ni2+ ion adsorption by native and treated pea pod shells under static conditions. It was determined that the main mechanism of the process is mixed diffusion. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate physical adsorption.

The paper is devoted to the study of problems in organizing high-speed ground transport traffic. The solution to this problem may be the organization of a combined transport system, which involves the movement of a transport unit in a rarefied environment of limited space, using the principles of magnetic levitation. The use of such a system will significantly increase the speed of a transport unit up to the supersonic range due to the following factors: reduced aerodynamic air resistance when moving; the absence of direct contact of the transport unit with the lower structure of the track and, as a result, the complete absence of friction; separate dedicated lines allow the use of structures that allow for a significant increase in freight traffic. The paper explores the possibilities of developing the basic principles of movement of a transport system based on magnetic levitation in a rarefied environment, modeling key processes, determining the main parameters of a new transport system and establishing their optimal ratio, reduced to conditions of safe and energy-efficient operation. As well as an assessment of possible risks associated with the use of this type of transport, both for freight and passenger transportation.

The paper examines the dissemination of principles for constructing WAMPAC systems in medium voltage networks. The authors provide the prerequisites for the use of WAMPAC in distribution networks and show the advantages of such systems over traditional ones. The first part of the paper considers directions for the development of monitoring, protection and automation systems in the distribution network. The second part is devoted to the localization of ground faults based on phasor measurement technology. The paper also presents the results of mathematical modeling and data on the experience of applying WAMPAC principles in 10 kV cable networks.

The paper discusses issues of improving control and relay protection systems based on the study and analysis of voltage and current synchrophasors of electromechanical and electromagnetic transient processes. The authors consider methods for analyzing transient synchrophasors, the use of synchronized phasor measurement technology in control systems and for improving line distance protection. The paper provides examples of line impedance estimation using traditional protection algorithms and proposed algorithms based on phasor measurements.

This paper explores the conditions for creating and using mathematical models for the analysis of various modes of operation of the load of induction motors. Widely used in industrial plants, these motors play an important role in the world’s energy consumption. Improving their energy efficiency is essential to reduce energy consumption, waste and improve sustainability. The paper also provides information on the introduction of modern mathematical models for accurate analysis and optimization of energy saving modes in asynchronous motors.

Teaching electrical engineering disciplines in technical universities involves the use of information technology in modeling processes in electrical circuits and in organizing the educational process. The main problem of the existing automated training systems for technical universities is their low didactic efficiency. This paper presents the application of a training system that takes into account the psycho-factors of the participants in the educational process and the personal characteristics of students. The initial data for the operation of the automated system is information about the fundamental pedagogical concepts and information reflecting the personal characteristics of the participants in the educational process. The color design of the means of visual display of information blocks on monitors is tuned in accordance with the user’s psychotype. The proposed automated training system contains a set of training electronic devices with interchangeable functional units, which, based on the results of testing academic training and testing personal characteristics, are offered to students for design and stage-by-stage modeling. The paper shows the design of a precision DC voltage stabilization system. This study proposes technical solutions that implement the principles of the combined use of negative and positive feedback circuits. In the proposed technical implementation of the device, a method is proposed for fully compensating for the instability of the stabilizer output voltage when the load current changes from zero to the nominal value.

The development of exchange trading in Russia is an urgent topic in connection with the modern transformation of the market for timber products under the influence of the pressure of sanctions restrictions on Russian producers, the restriction of supplies to Europe. Another important aspect of the relevance of the topic is related to ensuring transparency and reducing the shadow relations of participants in the market. The purpose of the study is to determine the current situation of stock trading and to identify the pricing patterns of spot and futures quotations for timber products. The paper highlights a number of issues of the current situation of exchange trading of timber products in Russia and world exchanges, highlights the specifics of exchange trading of timber products, and identifies the main factors determining the low liquidity of exchange trading. In 2021, the volume of timber trading on the Russian stock exchange amounted to 1% of the total volume of harvesting, which is the minimum trading volume, and therefore does not allow the formation of a relevant market price index. The paper considers the pricing of spot and futures quotations for timber products. The dynamics of bleached softwood pulp futures on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHFE), pulp and paper futures on the Norwegian Stock Exchange (NOREXECO) are analyzed. Modern measures and measures for the future up to 2025 aimed at activating exchange trading in LPC products, increasing the liquidity of the futures market for timber products are considered. The study shows the advantages of exchange trading, and possible prospects for the development of exchange trading of timber products in Russia.

Considering that Montenegro does not have official data on the impacts of climate change and extremes on people's health, in this paper we prepared an assessment of the sensitivity to climate change in Montenegro for a longer period of time and their spatial distribution. The aim of this paper is to assess the future negative economic impacts of climate change on the health sector in Montenegro related to high temperatures. Due to the problem of establishing a clear correlation between the effects of climate change on health and specific diseases (for which there are no official data in Montenegro), the focus of our paper is on direct deaths under the influence of high temperature. Based on the processing and analysis of relevant statistical data, a projection of the future number of deaths caused by climate change in Montenegro was made. Then, we prepared an analysis of the value of life (VSL) concentrating on Montenegro and the world, in order to determine future statistical values, as a basis for damage assessment. Based on previously collected and processed data, we made a projection of economic damage in the health sector of Montenegro, according to 2 scenarios: Near Future Scenario (NF, until 2050) and Far Future Scenario (FF, until 2100). We estimated economic damage in the health sector of Montenegro, caused by high temperatures, at a cumulative amount of €30-60 million for the total observed period (NF, for a higher VSL), i.e. in a cumulative amount of €230-350 million for the total observed period (FF, higher VSL).