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The paper obtained during the study was mainly obtained from wheat straw cellulose and Jerusalem artichoke cellulose, which contained chitosan of various concentrations. An increase in the mechanical properties of the obtained papers was observed in samples using the substance chitosan. A 1.0% chitosan was added to the paper, mainly based on various plant celluloses. It should be noted that the obtained paper products were used without bleaching due to the fact that it was recommended to use them for wrapping paper. The youngest results were observed in samples prepared from a composition of wheat straw and artichoke pulp. From the fiber morphology, it was observed that the sized paper fibers became stronger, denser and smoother. Keywords: chytazone, Natural polymers, fibers, cellulose. Biocomposites of chitosan (CS)/cellulose nanocrystals (CN) were prepared by using solution casting method. Influences of solution preparation method and CN content on the properties of composites were investigated. Mechanical stirring/ultrasonication or micro fluidization were used to disperse nanocrystals in the chitosan matrix. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC, TGA, TMA and contact angle measurements.

The filter paper bio-templating method has become a promising pathway in the fabrication of MgO with tunned physicochemical features. The filter paper-templated MgO (MgO-FPT) has been subjected to several characterisation analyses, and it has revealed that filter paper templating has demonstrated a positive outcome toward an improvement of physicochemical features, i.e., improved surface reactivity and surface area compared to MgO prepared via direct thermal degradation method of magnesium salt (MgO-CT). As the evidence of the FTIR spectra, the MgO-FPT has demonstrated a surface rich CO2-associated functional group, which indicate the enhanced surface reactivity of the MgO, which increase of the adsorbent affinity toward CO2 (even from atmospheric surrounding). Together with the improved structural features compared to MgO-CT (two-fold high surface area), it has significantly refined the CO2 adsorption uptake capacity to almost 15 times higher than MgO-CT with only 0.247 mmol/g. This shows the potential filter paper bio-templating method for the metal oxide-based adsorbent fabrication for CO2 adsorption application.

A chitosan based coating was prepared where eggshell powder was added. Eggshell is a product that appears in large numbers in everyday life, so it has great potential as waste, which can be used to turn it into a valuable material. Cellulose sheets were made from secondary fiber, and after coated with the chitosan based solution to investigate the properties of the sheets. The results of the treated handsheets were compared with the results of the control sheet. The control sheets were compared with 4 different type of paper: coatings of chitosan with 5wt% and 10wt% eggshell powder, only chitosan coating, and paper where eggshell powder was added to the paper pulp. The use of the eggshell powder as an additive in the coating would be a promising material, because it can improve in a large extent the water resistance and the air barrier properties of the paper.

The Paper industry is an energy-intensive and one of the most energy-consuming industries in Indonesia. In this study, Paper Mill energy sources come from coal and renewable energy such as black liquor as a substitute for coal and on-grid 9MW PV system are reassessed by using optimization software, HOMER. This study aims to present a feasibility study of increasing the use of renewable energy sources in Paper Mill to reduce coal consumption for more sustainability. The software HOMER is used as a tool to determine the most feasible combination of component considered in the study. It is feasible to reduce 10,84% coal consumption kg per year with the optimal renewable energy mix consisting of additional 24MW rooftop PV system and 5,94kW hydrokinetic energy from Kampar River located 6 km from the plant. Renewable fraction increased to 16%. This study result is good for sustainable growth of Paper Mill business that investments in climate and nature to support the Indonesian government in achieving net zero emissions.

In this study, cellulose was extracted from Heliánthus tuberósus (Jerusalem artichoke) stems, and its quality indicators were thoroughly investigated. The isolation process involved the removal of impurities and non-cellulosic components, resulting in a purified cellulose sample suitable for further analysis and application.To explore the potential of Heliánthus tuberósus cellulose, composite paper was produced by incorporating basalt fiber into the cellulose matrix. The resulting paper was subjected to comprehensive testing to evaluate its mechanical properties, with a particular focus on tensile strength and tensile length.The tensile strength of the composite paper was determined using standardized testing methods, providing quantitative data on the material's ability to withstand applied forces without breaking or deforming. Tensile length, on the other hand, refers to the maximum elongation the paper can undergo before rupture occurs. These properties were assessed to gauge the overall performance and suitability of the composite paper for various applications.The obtained results were presented in a clear and concise manner, utilizing tables and graphs to facilitate data interpretation and comparison. Tables allowed for the tabulation of the measured tensile strength and tensile length values, providing a comprehensive overview of the material's mechanical characteristics. Graphs were employed to visualize trends, patterns, and potential correlations between different variables, aiding in a deeper understanding of the composite paper's behavior under various loading conditions.

Abstract. In this study, a composite material was successfully produced by incorporating waste paper and basalt fibers. The utilization of waste paper as a raw material contributes to sustainable practices and waste reduction. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained composite material were comprehensively investigated to evaluate its potential for various applications.The physical parameters of the composite material, such as density and porosity, were measured to assess its structural characteristics. Density provides insights into the compactness and mass per unit volume of the composite, while porosity indicates the presence of voids or open spaces within the material. These parameters play a crucial role in determining the overall performance and suitability of the composite for specific applications.Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composite material were examined to evaluate its strength, stiffness, and durability. Tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance were among the key mechanical parameters studied. Tensile strength determines the material's ability to withstand pulling forces, while flexural strength measures its resistance to bending or deformation. Impact resistance evaluates the material's ability to absorb energy when subjected to sudden or dynamic loads.

A worldwide evaluation of the present status of renewable-energy generation, with a focus on photo-voltaic (PV) solar energy for the production of electricity. The most pertinent elements of the development and experiences of nations working to build and use these technologies are covered in this article. It also cites studies that highlight the efforts made by nations to reduce their emissions of green-house gas or to enhance the quality and accessibility of electric energy generation in light of their unique geographic and environmental circumstances. These studies focus in particular on remote communities that have limited access to the national power grid due to technological or financial constraints. This paper focusses on renewable-energy might serve as a starting point for assessing how clean energy affects the world's energy supply and demand, they are becoming an increasingly popular option in terms of cost and efficiency, which can attract new investors. By analysing recent data, case studies, and literature, this review aims to provide stakeholders with insights into the achievements and hurdles of solar energy, fostering informed decisions towards a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Capital structure is the combination or proportion of various sources. An organization can procure funds by issuing equity shares, preference shares and debentures to the public. Apart from this, they may also borrow from the banks or financial institutions. These are the various sources available for a concern for procuring or mobilizing the capital. Whether capital is needed initially or additional fund needed for the smooth function there are various sources available for mobilizing the capital or fund. While designing the financial or capital structure manager has to consider the overall cost which will incur after constructing the capital structure. Paper industry is selected for the research. Five companies listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange were selected for the study. An attempt has been made to study the components of capital structure of paper industry.

In this article the possibility of using licorice root waste as a fibrous raw material in the pulp and paper industry is investigated. It is shown it is possible to add up to 25% of bleached cellulose from licorice root waste to the paper composition for the production of writing paper.

Land degradation has a big influence for Central Asia. The territory of Central Asia is rarely discovered and it can be seen by the number of published papers in English. There is a high potential of applying remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) for the mapping and monitoring of degraded lands. In the present research we tried to collect all Scopus-based publications in English for 20 years using land degradation as a keyword. We analyzed the most popular journals, top authors, top-cited papers, top countries, and the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) in the land degradation issues of Central Asia. RS and GIS technologies are good tools, but in Central Asia researchers have to spread them widely. Data-sharing systems and lack of international cooperation could bring more joint projects and publications on land degradation issues.

The improper use of pesticides and excessive doses in the long term contribute to climate change and even threaten human health, organisms, and the balance of the ecosystem. A pesticide detection device is needed to monitor its levels to minimize risks to human health and the environment. A paper biosensor was developed in this study to detect organophosphates by utilizing the enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The Whatman filter paper was used as a visual OP detection zone. AgNP, as an indicator, is adsorbed and gives a brownish-yellow color to the paper, while AChE is immobilized into the film and layered on the paper. The addition of acetylthiocholine chloride as a substrate to the film released thiocholine products which could replace the capping AgNPs causing the AgNPs to aggregate and the paper color to pale. The presence of OP in the sample will inhibit AChE activity so that paper fading is reduced. The biosensor response is quantized as an RGB value, which is determined using an application on a smartphone. The resulting biosensor has excellent performance with a linear range of 0.05-2.00 mg/L, a detection limit of 0.04 mg/L, and a CV of 0.48%. Biosensor measurements on vegetable samples showed conformity with the GCMS results as the standard method. Therefore, this biosensor is suitable for the on-site detection of pesticides offering easy, fast, and inexpensive analysis.

Agricultural products, including root fruits, make up a large part of a person’s vital needs. Therefore, cultivating root fruits and harvesting crops without harm is one of the main tasks of agricultural events. Considering the above, it is of great importance to have information about the scientific research and scientific results achieved by our scientists in this field. To this aim, a bibliometric analysis of articles on root harvesters published in the Scopus database between 1982 and 2022 was used to understand the current state of studying cultivating agricultural products, including root fruits, and harvesting their crops and to provide references for future studies. To carry out this research different tools such as Office Excel 2021, VOS Viewer and Mapchart.net were used. The literature retrieved totaled 201 articles, of which 70% were research papers. During the last four decades, the quantity of published papers has increased significantly. For example, there were 22 papers published in 2019, 22 times increase over the number of papers published in 2002 (1 paper). It was found that the top five countries that published the most literature were China, the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and Canada, which published 44, 43, 12, 12, and 10 articles, respectively. During the chosen period 159 authors from 58 countries contributed to the given field.

This article observes the problems in the study of perspective species of the family Coccinellidae worldwide: a review of papers from the Scopus database published in English for the period of 2007-2021. Trends of publications in the family of Coccinellidae, various journals on Coccinellidae family, authors and their affiliated country, top countries in the study of the Coccinellidae family were analyzed throughout the article. Relying on the results of this analysis, it was found out that paper publishing beat records from 2007 to 2021 with 120 and 62 respectively. Also, number of journals that are frequently used by scholars worldwide were studied. There, top 15 journals were chosen by scholars to publish 721 (44,23 %) of their papers. Countries that held the largest number of researches on the Coccinellidae family was also considered in our article. We identified funding institutions, among which National Natural Science Foundation of China has possessed the largest number with 40. Last but not least, the most influential and productive countries, including China, Brazil, and others, were recorded in our research.

The article considers the problem of recycling waste paper and the main reasons for the deterioration of paper-forming and physical and mechanical indicators of finished products during recycling of recycled fiber. A study was carried out on the effect of increasing the number of recycling cycles of waste paper of the MS-8V brand on such indicators as fractional composition, breaking length and resistance of paper to punching when using a jet-barrier type knifeless grinding unit.

Cellulose and paper products are produced from cotton wool in our republic. Since 1995, the production of these products has increased several times. Nevertheless, 10% of the demand for pulp and paper products in our Republic is met. uring 1988-1993, this growth was 6%, which was 3 times higher than wood pulp production. Extraction of cellulose from annual plants is well developed in China and India. 77% of the world's cellulose obtained from annual plants is produced in these countries. The People's Republic of China gets 50% of its paper output from annual plants. Cellulose was obtained from plants containing cellulose, and their properties were studied. Paper products were obtained from the resulting pulps and its quality indicators were studied based on the standards applied to papers used in industry.

Chitosan occurs in different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. Molecular weight and degree of deacetylation are the main factors affecting particle size, particle formation and aggregation. The use of chitosan improved the dry strength of the paper, especially by adding 1% low molecular weight chitosan. But the increase in concentration reduced its dry strength. This can be explained as follows. The connection must correspond to the distance between the segments between the fibers, because they form an inter-fiber connection area. Even if the water molecule is separated from the organic bond with the fibers or not, a large amount of water destroys the bond state of the paper. These factors are important in the paper industry. Paper-like materials were obtained on the basis of cellulose obtained from the stem of the flax plant. The effect of fibers and adhesives in the composition on the quality indicators of the obtained paper was considered. The effects of chitosan and starch glue were compared. It can be explained that the hydrogen bond on the fiber surface is mainly monopolized by the water molecule, because the fiber forms a macroscopic liquid bridge. The weakness of this bridge indicates the wet tensile strength of the paper.

The effects of chitosan, starch, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were studied to improve the surface properties of cellulose-based paper obtained from local raw materials. Polymers are incorporated into the paper canvas by spraying. The results showed that the addition of chitosan to paper webs made from cellulose fibers has improved surface properties compared to the effects of other additives. The effect level of starch was similar to that of chitosan, but it resulted in a lower water absorption potential of paper than chitosan at the same concentration. In many other properties, particularly for printing papers, the most important property being surface smoothness, chitosan treated papers are superior to starch or PVA treated papers.

The prospects for obtaining bioethanol based on secondary bioresources of the pulp and paper industry are discussed in order to close economic cycles. The transformation of sugars of acidic hydrolyzate of deciduous wood into bioethanol by batch culture of a selected strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a combination of various xylose-assimilating yeasts was studied. The ethanol yield from hexose`s part was 46% from fermented sugars, its concentration reached to 9,0±0,6 g l-1. The use of pentose sugars under microaerobic conditions (concentration of dissolved oxygen 0.5-3.0%) gave the efficiency of ethanol production up to 26.7 - 35.5% from fermented sugars. The ethanol concentration in terms of the pentose`s fraction was 3.9-4.5 g l-1 (the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus); 5.2 g l-1 (the yeast Candida tropicalis); 5.6 g l-1 (the yeast Candida shehatae). The total amount of ethanol obtained from both hexose and pentose parts after distillation was 4.2-4.6 g (5.2-5.7 ml) with alcohol by volume 96%.

The way to determine the total microbial contaminants in fresh milk is by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The TPC method requires 48 hours, high analytical skills, and high analytical costs. The aim of this research was to design a rapid detection tool for microbial contaminants in fresh milk called Paper Stick Test Kit (PSTK), which is fast, cheap, and easy. The stages of research designing PSTK are: (a) making PSTK, (b) testing the optimal time for using PSTK, and (c) making standard color maps. The results of this research are: (a) the best PSTK is made from cardboard with color indicators made from a mixture of bromothymol blue 0.3 g/250 ml solvent and NaOH 0.01 N; drying PSTK is best done in an oven with a temperature of 100oC, for 20 minutes; (b) the optimal time of application of PSTK in fresh milk is 20 seconds; and c) standard color maps are based on the correlation between microbial contaminant levels in fresh milk and color levels in PSTK dipped in microbial contaminated fresh milk.

Since the federal, state, and local levels of government in Malaysia have all initiated the e-participation project as an integration of the national e-government initiative and combined communication-based applications consisting of government-to-citizen (G2C) orientation, assessment studies have discovered that the delivery of this project carries multiple issues. These include minimal digital knowledge, a lack of awareness, the requirement for more government support for the project, and other factors. This has resulted in certain entities not making the most of e-participation tools. Thus, this review paper intends to examine some relevant acceptance factors of the Malaysian government's e-participation programme, which has received significant investment. This study methodology used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to build the research model for this study by exploring the relevant books, journals, online materials, and study reports linked to the e-participation acceptance in Malaysian public sector. The UTAUT and TRI factors may influence the likelihood of its adoption by all Malaysian governments and citizens, which will encourage them to support the use of e-participation in the public sector in Malaysia. The proposed model will evaluate the individual acceptance of e-participation in the Malaysian public sector. This study is anticipated to provide several guidance to relevant parties, particularly the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), which is one of the most prominent government agencies in Malaysia responsible for modernising and reforming the public sector through the digitalisation process, and other related government agencies in Malaysia. For future studies, additional empirical qualitative and quantitative methodologies are required to validate the findings of this study.

Today the world is facing a major problem of getting rid of wastewater safely so that it does not disrupt the environment. This study analyzed global research trends through wastewater treatment technologies from 2000 to 2020 using Scopus databases. The objective of this article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis regarding the production and impact of scientific research related to wastewater treatment indexed in the Scopus databases. The purpose is to know key aspects such as the progression of production over the two decades, maturity in research, coverage of the subject, identifying the most discussed topics and as a result of identifying the gaps, the most relevant authors and the core of journals through which knowledge in this area is disseminated, as well as its impact through the analysis of citations. Scopus revealed a total of 44 journal articles, 19 conference proceedings, and 1 review paper during this period, with the keywords’ wastewater, treatment. As per the analysis, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan painted the greatest publications connected with wastewater.

Buildings carry people's emotional thoughts. Paper Bamboo House establishes an emotional connection between space and people through characteristic ecological materials, pays attention to people's true perception of buildings, and emphasizes the rhythm of architectural form and rhythm. The architectural design needs to explore the possibility of space existence from the regional culture, rebuild the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment, strive to create a harmonious building that coexists with nature, and practice the regional practice of low-carbon architecture. Advocate to use the comprehensive thinking of reason and art to explore the meaning of space and form.

Medical imaging is currently using artificial intelligence-based technologies to aid evaluate diagnostic information images, particularly in enforcing kidney stones. Artificial intelligence technology continues to develop, many studies show that deep learning is more widely used compared to traditional machine learning, so an Artificial intelligence system is needed to assist the accuracy of health diagnoses, thus helping in the field of radiology health. The aim of the research is to use artificial intelligence with deep learning models to help detect abnormalities in the kidneys. This research method is a literature review of Scopus data related to deep learning in medical imaging in detecting kidney stones. The results of using Artificial Intelligence in medical imaging can be used in diagnosing diseases including detecting Covid-19, musculoskeletal, calcium scores on Cardiac CT, liver tumors, urinary tract lesions, examination of the abdomen and kidney stones. Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in detecting kidney stones can be done with various classification models including XResNet-50, ExDark19, CystoNet, CNN, ANN. Using the right model and having a high accuracy value can help radiologists to accurately detect kidney stones.

In past few years, as indirect convection cooling equipment, heat pipes have grown in favour for a variety of uses, including heat recovery and electronics. A sensible heat is categorized as not having a filter arrangement as a “pulsating heat pipe”. It transfers heat from its evaporator to condenser portions by moving the circulating flow back and forth a reaction of its ongoing phase shift that occurs inside of it. It is difficult to truly understand how it operates since the two-phase flow is the result of combining physical and thermodynamic factors. Despite this, the PHPs have caught the interest of researchers all over the world because of its simple design and large several scenarios necessitating an elevated heat transfer rate. Presented here begins and a preface outlining several researchers’ trying to model experimental explain how PHPs work. A short tabular review of the most recent experimental investigations on PHPs is offered. Novel ideas have been explored, including the use of Nano-fluids to improve PHP performance.

The paper industry is an activity that have a large impact on the quality of natural resources. The large amount of water used has an impact on the wastewater generated. Untreated liquid waste can cause pollution in water bodies (rivers). Wastewater treatment with Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) is able to process wastes with high COD content in the paper industry. This paper provides a basic review and UASB research that has been carried out in the wastewater treatment of the paper industry.

The experimental investigation of the performance of hydrophobic-treated recycled paper mill sludge (RPMS) incorporated into asphalt mixtures is presented in this paper. This research implements RPMS as a solid waste additive to partially replace the mineral filler in the asphalt mixture while practicing green asphalt technology. The raw RPMS required mechanical pre-treatments and its hydrophilic property was modified chemically. The hydrophobicity was assessed by Hydrophilic Coefficient, Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The ethanol method, which involved the esterification of ethyl esters that utilized 7ml of waste cooking oil (WCO) and 50ml of ethanol, was adopted. In the Marshall mix design, RPMS was incorporated at 0.5% and 1.0% of the weight of aggregates. Conventional 60/70 PEN bitumen and granite aggregates were used. The optimum binder content (OBC) was evaluated and justified by its adsorption strength. The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures were determined and compared with the Public Work Department (PWD) specifications. All the volumetric properties satisfied the standard specification by PWD for 0.5% modified RPMS asphalt mixture, and thus it is preferable as it also involved lower binder cost due to the lower OBC achieved.

Sustainability aims at a sound synergy of the economic, ecological and social dimension. To promote sustainable development and guarantee a high living-standard for future generations, all three elements must be balanced. The economy impacts the other two dimensions along the value chain. Particularly critical is the impact of the supply chain as human working conditions and environmental standards must be secured for procurement of materials along complex transportation routes. To tackle this issue, France has passed a Supply Chain Law (Loi de vigilance) in 2017, Britain has passed the Modern Slavery Act which prohibits child labor in 2015 and Germany has passed a Supply Chain Act (Lieferkettengesetz) in June 2021. Furthermore, a EU-wide supply chain law on due diligence and environmental standards for supply chains is expected for 2022. A transparent digitalized version of a company´s supply chain, including its human resources and environmental impact, would facilitate the identification of several sustainability intervention points. Such transparency could lead to not only better and supply chain law-compliant regulations for fairer working conditions and improved social sustainability, but also to optimized circular economy processes. However, there is also the risk that a high level oftransparency in complex supply chains entails very high bureaucratic efforts. With this conceptual outline, we would like to contribute to the discussion of the new German legislation and present a variety of IT solutions to improve and monitor the sustainability of supply chains as well as to reduce the bureaucratic effort which comes with supply chain supervision.

The development of new technology such as internet and social media makes the future of the paper industries are getting worse. Local media does not immune from the phenomena. Serving to its communities is one of the strategy to be survive. It is done by several papers in Java Island. One of them is Suara Merdeka daily. How did this paper actualize its strategy on its framing content? Describing the frame of the information which was used to serve its communities was the main objective of this research. A framing theory and framing analysis in constructive paradigm was used to answer the problem. The content of Suara Merdeka daily was chosen purposively to get the evidence. There were some rubrics that contained the service to communities namely “Fokus Jateng”, “Liputan Khusus”, “Telisik”, “Spektrum”, “Her Spirit”, “Jalan-jalan”, “Layar”, “Trending Topic”, and “Hello Kampus”. The result showed more information framing on news than another framing. Besides, a certain education institution was published more than others. There was an unequal treatment to communities to be published in the paper. It is suggested, in the future, the paper should give the same treatment to its communities.

The paper describes the stages of paper production, considers the structure of a paper-making machine. Questions related to the proof and use of the Pontryagin’s maximum principle in the theory of optimal control are considered. Optimal paper web weight control system based on the Pontryagin’s maximum principle is presented. Adaptive learning methods for modeling nonlinear systems represent some of the latest advances in adaptive algorithms and machine learning techniques designed to model and identify nonlinear systems. Real-world problems always involve a certain degree of non-linearity, which makes linear models a suboptimal choice. This article may be of interest to research engineers and practitioners in the study and application of control systems using adaptive regulators. This book serves as an essential resource for researchers, graduate students and doctoral students working in the field of machine learning, signal processing, adaptive filtering, nonlinear control, system identification, cooperative systems, and computational intelligence. This book may also be of interest to the industry market and practitioners working with a wide range of nonlinear systems.

Using the bibliometric method, the paper output of Vocational Education Project of the National Education Science Planning from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed statistically according to the project type, journal, author, institution and high-frequency keywords. The statistical results show that the number of papers supported by the National Project is superior to that of the Ministry of Education, which indicates that the scientific research team of the National Project has a strong strength. More than half of the papers were published in core journals. Researchers from universities and vocational colleges jointly constitute the most high-yield authors. High-yield institutions are mainly composed of universities, while the vocational colleges need to be strengthened. The research focuses on the integration of industry and education, modern apprenticeship, Double High Plan, foreign vocational education and training, etc.

Using zirconium hydroxide as a decontaminant, a kind of self-decontaminating air filter paper that can effectively degrade HD was successfully prepared by impregnating. The morphology and filtration efficiency of the filter paper before and after immersing were compared. The filtration efficiency increased linearly and slowly, with the regression equation: η=0.0001L+99.971. The liquid-solid decontamination reaction of HD on zirconium hydroxide powder and self-decontaminating filter paper conformed to the kinetic of quasi-first-order reaction and found that half-lives were 0.4 h and 2.1 h respectively. Good degradation performance for HD was exhibited and the degradation rate reached more than 99 % in 12 hours. Reaction products were analysed by GC-MS, which displayed that HD was decomposed through the substitution of chlorine and the elimination of H on α-C. The ultimate decontamination products were thiodiglycol and 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl sulfide without erosive toxicity.

The article is devoted to the problem of increasing the efficiency of using energy resources of enterprises of the pulp and paper industry in Ukraine. It has been determined that the pulp and paper industry belongs to energy-intensive types of economic activity. Based on the results of the correlation and regression analysis, a connection was revealed and an economic and mathematical model was formed of the dependence of energy costs for the production of 1 ton of paper on the productivity of paper machines, equipment wear and the volume of investments in energy saving measures. Application of the proposed model will improve information support for the analysis of the effectiveness of energy saving measures, forecasting energy costs and strategic energy management in general. It was carried out at pulp and paper mills, the main obstacles to replacing fossil fuels with biomass in heat production were identified. This made it possible to develop a scientific and organizational model for the energy modernization of enterprises in the pulp and paper industry. It includes financial, organizational, environmental, regulatory, technological, scientific and educational tools. Their application at management will help improve the infrastructure of enterprises in terms of the use of renewable energy resources.

Currently, paper consumption is globally increasing and at an unsustainable level. However, traditional paper production could release excessive greenhouse gas emissions or wastewater, resulting in environmental contamination. To make the result more visual and persuasive, this study takes Time magazine as an example to analyze the impacts of the papermaking process on the environment. This study analyzes energy consumption from several sectors in the paper industry, carbon dioxide emissions, and discharge of condensed wastewater to show current consumption during traditional pulp and paper production. Results show that the papermaking process would consume a lot of electricity during the pulp preparing, pulp condition, pulp preparation, manufacture paper with pulp, and pulp processing stages. Meanwhile, various degree of carbon emissions is generated based on the physical and chemical changes in materials during the papermaking process. Two kinds of wastewater, including black and white liquor, are produced in the papermaking process. Several countermeasures are suggested to achieve a low consumption and sustainable development of the pulp and paper industry to solve these environmental problems. The suggestion includes the surrogate of electronic paper, carbon capture and storage, and wastewater recycling.

Increasing number of industry in Indonesia lead to produce large amount of waste. If the waste is not treated by phytoremediation, it will pollute the environment. One method to overcome this problem is phytoremediation process. Phytoremediation is the use of plant to reduce pollutants in both organic and inorganic compounds as well as to remove the contaminants. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of water hyacinth plant in absorbing paper industry liquid waste. Observations were made with phytoremediation of time 0, 7, 14, and 21 days with 2 treatment ie treatment covered by plastic and treatment not covered by plastic and by 4 concentration dilution ie 100% liquid waste, 75% liquid waste, 50% , and 25%. The result should that after 21 days of water hyacinth can reduce the COD level with the highest efficiency level of 1.63%, then BOD of 4.29%.

Paper as a material needs a lot of input energy. Many measures have been suggested to recycle paper, but still a huge amount of it ends in landfills. Hereby, one possibility for recycling paper - making paper plaster and putting it into service in indoor environment - is introduced. The study focuses on the moisture buffering properties of paper plaster. Two questions are under consideration in this article. Firstly, how paper type and production method influence the properties (dry density, drying shrinkage) of paper plaster, and secondly, what the material moisture buffering properties of paper plaster are. The plasters for testing were made from four types of paper (printer paper, glossy paper, newsprint and book paper). The production methods used were rumpling, grinding with a shredder or special crusher (prepared for the study) and soaking the paper after that. The dry density of groups varied from approx. 240 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3. The shrinkage properties were from 3% to 10% in diameter. To evaluate the moisture buffering ability of paper plaster, the methodology introduced in the Nordtest protocol was used. Paper plaster is an outstanding water vapour buffering material [MBV=2.23-3.91 g/(m2·%RH)] belonging to the moisture buffering class "excellent" defined by Rode [15]. From the production methods rumpling gave the best value while printer paper showed the best values from the chosen materials. The tests with glossy paper resulted in modest values. To conclude, all the paper materials and preparation methods introduced in this study can be used to make paper plaster

With the rapid development of society and economy, the level of technology and culture in our country is constantly improving, and the content of product design extends from the product appearance design to the design of a whole system of product function, structure, material, production crafts, marketing, maintenance and recycling. The product innovation design thinking should not only consider a single factor, but also integrate the latest achievements in all aspects of the product design ecosystem. The research on innovative thinking and innovative design methods from all walks of life is also constantly systematized and theorized, but the innovative design thinking of products has different thinking characteristics and methods from other fields. This article combines product design examples of intelligent waste paper recycling machines to explore the application of innovative thinking methods in product design.

The current paper aims to present a comparison between soil-water characteristic curves based on the filter paper method and on a volume-mass estimation. Additionally, this research consists in comparing grain size distributions by sieving/hydrometer and by sieving/Cilas (particle-size analyser model 1092), when it comes to determining the soil-water characteristic curves by a volume-mass prediction on the Soil Vision software. As materials, were used two sets of colluvial soils sampled at the Campus Quinta do Paraiso -Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis – Brazil. The results showed that the soil-water characteristic curves related to the filter paper method or grain size distribution estimation are different. However, the tests performed by sieving/Cilas are more efficient than the results based on sieving/hydrometer, concerning its uses as input data for soil-water characteristic curves estimations. In conclusion, even considering the estimation method was not able to depict the same results such as obtained by the filter paper method, the use of Cilas is a procedure that can improve the quality of the predicted soil-water characteristic curve.

The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg–1 to 4 993 kCal kg–1. The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.

The article provides materials on the natural restoration of land cover in the territory occupied by the waste storage facility of the pulp and paper industry. The article contains information on the level of soil fertility formed on this territory as a result of decomposition of organic waste over 25 years. The composition of the phytocenosis is presented. The article provides materials on the ecological state of the studied object, and also considers the technological operations of reclamation of an authorized landfill in the areas of forestry and recreational land use, taking into account the ecosystem formed at the storage facility.

The industry developed rapidly since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The side effect of industrial development was a large amount of non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste. All of this waste must be managed properly so that environmental sustainability is maintained and does not cause harm or problems to the community. A review will be conducted from various research journals in various countries and the types of waste also vary, namely plastic, pulp and paper industry waste, and other solid waste. A comparison of solid waste management will be carried on to reduce the generation of waste in the environment.

Direct hydrogen fuel cells are generally heavy and rigid systems based on metal or plastic materials, which are not suitable for various miniwatt and flexible devices. In this study, we have developed a lightweight and flexible fuel cell based on paper substrate embedded with an Al foil inside, which is used as an in-situ hydrogen source by reaction with an electrolyte solution during operation. Benefited from the inhibited hydroxyl transportation by the porous cellulose network, the vigorous Al corrosion reaction is well controlled even though strong alkaline electrolyte is adopted, so that the fuel cell can be discharged for more than 5 hours at 1 mA cm-2 (0.83 V) with only 3.5 mg Al foil. The corresponding faradaic and energy efficiencies are as high as 72% and 18.3%, respectively. The fuel cell flexibility is also quite good when facing different bending angles. Considering its moderate power output, this flexible paper-based hydrogen fuel cell is especially suitable for powering various miniwatt and flexible devices, such as wearable electronics, biosensors, RFID tags, etc. However, higher power can be obtained by suitable stacking of the fuel cell.

With many years of research, color ink-jet printing technology has reached the requirements of color ink-jet printing. The significance of this experiment is to find a suitable method to improve the quality of color ink-jet printing paper. In this work, the dispersion effect and types of sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) on nano-SiO2 solution are discussed, and the most suitable PAAS dosage is selected. When the dosage of PAAS is 8%, the dispersibility of nano-SiO2 solution is much better, with an average color density of 1.60, a gloss of 59% and an ink absorption value of 10.2 cm. Adhesives also have a great influence on color ink-jet printing paper. When the amount of PVA is 30% of nano-SiO2, the average color density is 1.62. Glossiness and ink absorption are also the best.

Sudden natural disasters and public security incidents are emerging one after another. Scholars and governments are increasingly concerned about the issues of urban public security. This paper analyzes the high-cited literature on 261 urban security-related topics in Web of Science in the form of knowledge maps. We found that the United States and China have the strongest research on such issues as health, disease prevention and control, pollution, residential environment issues, agriculture and food issues etc. Among them issues related to new technologies are hotspots in urban security research.

The stages of the system analysis of an industrial energy system with a complex structure are considered by the example of pulp and paper production. The software of the structural and thermodynamic stages of the analysis is presented. The results of thermodynamic calculations of the elements of the energy system by the optimal sequence are given. A variant of the system modernization using a heat pump is presented.

A PI/cellulose composite separator was prepared by adsorbing bacterial cellulose on a PI separator prepared via a papermaking process. The PI/cellulose separator exhibited good thermal stability and electrolyte wetting properties compared to commercial celgard 2340 separator. The amount of bacterial cellulose added was 20%. Bacterial cellulose fills the porosity of the PI separator. The PI/cellulose composite separator possesses excellent thermal stability even at 200 °C and high electrolyte wettability with a contact angle of 58°.

The Fenton-like process of catalyzing H2O2 with Fe2+ and cinder is adopted to subject pharmaceutical and paper-making wastewater to advanced treatment. The influence of each factor is determined using orthogonal experiment and single factor test. The optimal combination of influencing factors is 0.3mmol · L-1 of FeSO4 · 7H2O, [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=8:1 and 10g · L-1 of pyrites cinder. The reaction time in pharmaceutical wastewater and paper-making wastewater is 30min and 60min respectively, testifying to the fact that the reaction in pharmaceutical wastewater is faster than that in paper-making wastewater and the lower utilization rate of cinder in pharmaceutical wastewater. Under the optimal reaction condition, the COD removal rate of these two kinds of wastewater can reach as high as 65% and 72%. Characterized by simple operation and requiring less reagent dosage, this method does not have to regulate the pH of flooding water and allows the repeated usage of cinder.

The paper presents results of a comparative analysis of parameters of two kinds of solid dielectrics used in air insulation systems to prevent occurring partial discharges. The research works regarded materials made of: cellulose pressboard and aramid paper. All measurements were performed under laboratory conditions by changing the value of partial discharges generation voltage until breakdown occurred in the inhomogeneous environment that was simulated using needle-plate (made of copper) electrode system. The main contribution which resulted from studies is a statement that potential use of aramid paper as a dielectric can extend the life of a high voltage electric device as compared to standard cellulose pressboard usage due to higher electric resistances to breakdown or detection of corona voltage. Results shown that the aramid paper has greater electric resistance to breakdown in comparison to cellulose with no difference between both on detecting corona of partial discharge.

Wastes from paper industry are mostly combustible. It is possible to recycle them with energy recovery. These wastes have a high moisture content (up to 60%) and thus a small calorific value. An alternative to waste incineration is the production of solid recovered fuel. The benefits are: easy adjustment of the physical and chemical properties of the fuel (via the change of proportions of ingredients), low moisture and high calorific value. The study involved the following types of cellulose wastes: - Belmer - the rejects from recovered paper, Krofta - deinking sludge, sludge - wastewater treatment sludge, bark - the rejects from virgin pulps. The results of investigations of waste produced in one of the biggest Polish paper mill - are shown. Following aspects were investigated: energy properties, content of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine and nitrogen, chemical composition of ash. Authors proposed two formulas of the biomass fuel. The properties of the fuel such as the content of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine or nitrogen, the chemical composition of the ash were investigated. Due to the fact that the combustion of the biomass fuel is preferred in view of law regulations (zero CO2 emission, green certificates) the content of biodegradable fraction was examined. It has been shown that the fuel is a biomass one. Fuel from waste can be a substitute for approx. 25% of primary fuel (coal) used by the paper mill.

Measurement of soil suction is important as soil suction is one of the two stress-state variables that control both the hydro and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils. One of the soil suction measurement techniques is the filter paper method. Even though the filter paper technique has been standardized, the experimental procedure can still be improved in order to reduce the inconsistencies that are often reported with the filter paper technique. This paper explores usage of both initially dry and initially moist Whatman No. 42 filter paper for matric and total suction measurements. Residual soils from the Bukit Timah Granite in Singapore were compacted at various water contents from dry to wet of optimum using standard Proctor energies and their suctions were measured using both contact and non-contact filter papers. Results of the suction measurements showed hysteresis between the initially dry and the initially moist filter papers for both the contact and non-contact methods. Suction measurement by the contact filter paper method is more consistent than suction measurement by the non-contact filter paper method. Condensation causes the non-contact filter papers to have higher water contents. The results showed that the non-contact initially dry filter paper follows the total suction curve but the non-contact initially moist filter paper may follow the matric suction curve instead.

Integrated processing of plant raw materials refers to the primary areas of use of natural resources and their rotection. During the primary processing of bast plants, a large amount of waste remains – a shives. Part of the shives is burned, the rest goes into the dump. Due to its chemical composition, high content of cellulose shives can be used in the production of eco-friendly packaging. Packaging can be obtained with the complete or partial replacement of waste paper in its composition. Thanks to this, the issue of the shortage of waste paper at the enterprises of recycling of secondary raw materials will also be resolved. The purpose of the work is the production of eco-friendly biodegradable packaging from flax shives in industrial conditions. The paper presents the results of samples of lumpy egg packaging obtained by vacuum casting with the use of flax production waste. In industrial conditions, it was possible to replace part of the waste paper on the fire. For more efficient use, the shives was pre-ground to the consistency of wood flour M-560. The following indicators were determined: humidity, strength, moisture absorption capacity, antibacterial properties. The obtained results showed the optimal ratio of the mixture components, processing modes. According to all indicators, the packaging with a bone is not inferior, and in the case of tensile strength and antibacterial properties exceeds the normalized values.