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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) agents in isolates from endotracheal aspirate samples obtained from patients in intensive care unit (ICU) on mechanical ventilation and their susceptibility to several antibiotics. Material and Methods: Patients that received mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours in the ICU were diagnosed as VAP with the clinical and microbiological criteria, were enrolled in this study. Bacteria isolated from the endotracheal aspiration samples of them were identified by conventional methods and Sceptor systems, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Findings: A total of 72 patients were involved in this study and 84 strains were isolated. Among these patients, 12 (14.3%) had polymicrobial etiologic agent. Most commonly encountered microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp., respectively. Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Although methicillin resistant S. aureus rate was found %100, glycopeptides resistance was not found. It was determined that 58 (92%) of the Gram-negative bacteria produced ESBL. Results: As a result, VAP is an important and frequently seen infection in ICU. High resistance rates for antibiotics suggested that the treatment of the empirical antibiotics recommended for VAP cases should be updated according to the surveillance data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) agents in isolates from endotracheal aspirate samples obtained from patients in intensive care unit (ICU) on mechanical ventilation and their susceptibility to several antibiotics. Material and Methods: Patients that received mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 hours in the ICU were diagnosed as VAP with the clinical and microbiological criteria, were enrolled in this study. Bacteria isolated from the endotracheal aspiration samples of them were identified by conventional methods and Sceptor systems, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Findings: A total of 72 patients were involved in this study and 84 strains were isolated. Among these patients, 12 (14.3%) had polymicrobial etiologic agent. Most commonly encountered microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp., respectively. Most of the Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin. Although methicillin resistant S. aureus rate was found %100, glycopeptides resistance was not found. It was determined that 58 (92%) of the Gram-negative bacteria produced ESBL. Results: As a result, VAP is an important and frequently seen infection in ICU. High resistance rates for antibiotics suggested that the treatment of the empirical antibiotics recommended for VAP cases should be updated according to the surveillance data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Resistance to gram negative bacilli is increasing all over the world. In this study, the resistance of gram negative bacilli, which were isolated from inpatients, was evaluated for selected antibiotics. The aim of this study was to acquire the significant results for empiric therapy. Material and Method: Eight hundered ninety eight strains which were isolated from inpatients were investigated between May 2003 and April 2005 from clinical speciments at Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir. The microdiluation test was used to determine for antibiotics resistance. Findings: Escherichia coli (n=282), Enterobacter spp. (n=215), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=101), Klebsiella spp. (n=95), Stenotrophomanas maltophilia (n=69) and Acinetobacter spp. (n=52) were the most frequent isolates. The resistance ratio among whole isolates against ceftriaxone was 73%, cefotaxime 68%, ceftazidime 63%, trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole 60%, ciprofloksasin 51%, amikasin 20%, imipenem 3% and meropenem 2%. The resistance to the third generation cephalosporins, trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin was found higher than other antibiotics in this study. Results: In conclusion, antimicrobial resistance must be monitored for each hospital for a reasonable empirical antibiotic therapy. Surveillance studies might be useful for empirical treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Resistance to gram negative bacilli is increasing all over the world. In this study, the resistance of gram negative bacilli, which were isolated from inpatients, was evaluated for selected antibiotics. The aim of this study was to acquire the significant results for empiric therapy. Material and Method: Eight hundered ninety eight strains which were isolated from inpatients were investigated between May 2003 and April 2005 from clinical speciments at Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir. The microdiluation test was used to determine for antibiotics resistance. Findings: Escherichia coli (n=282), Enterobacter spp. (n=215), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=101), Klebsiella spp. (n=95), Stenotrophomanas maltophilia (n=69) and Acinetobacter spp. (n=52) were the most frequent isolates. The resistance ratio among whole isolates against ceftriaxone was 73%, cefotaxime 68%, ceftazidime 63%, trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole 60%, ciprofloksasin 51%, amikasin 20%, imipenem 3% and meropenem 2%. The resistance to the third generation cephalosporins, trimetoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin was found higher than other antibiotics in this study. Results: In conclusion, antimicrobial resistance must be monitored for each hospital for a reasonable empirical antibiotic therapy. Surveillance studies might be useful for empirical treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]