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The polymer-coated inclusion complex powder formation of D-limonene and β-cyclodextrin obtained by spray drying was investigated with respect to the effects of various types of polymer coating agents on the powder particle size and morphology. The addition of the polymer coating agent affected the average particle size, morphology, and internal structures of the spray-dried powders. The average particle diameter of the uncoated spray-dried powders was approximately 5 µm. The powder particle size increased upon the addition of a polymer coating reagent. With the addition of 9 wt% of the polymer coating agent, an average diameter of approximately 80 µm was obtained for the spray-dried powder particles. However, further addition showed a negligible effect on the particle size. Inclusion complex crystals were observed on the surface and inside of the powder particles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A linearly ramped humidity system coupled with automatic sampling gas chromatography has been developed. The apparatus was adopted to measure the dynamic release flux of D-limonene included in spray-dried β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the polymer-coated counterparts under linearly ramped humidity (0.375%/min) at constant temperature (50°C). The release flux profiles of D-limonene were analyzed using a mathematical model based on an extended Arrhenius equation. The activation energy of D-limonene release flux from β-CD was 278 (kJ/mol), which was the highest among the powders and around twice as high as our previous results obtained by the conventional static method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae K-9 was comparatively stable under slightly acidic conditions (pH 3.0-5.0) and at low temperature (20-25°C). The kinetics of SAM degradation and 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) formation in yeast solution at high temperature (40-60°C) were described by zero-order reactions and the activation energy levels were 104 and 102 kJ/mol, respectively. The optimum retention of SAM after spray drying was obtained at 120°C inlet air temperature. The water content of the powder has a significant effect on the stability of SAM. The SAM yeast powder with trehalose and maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent, DE = 25), used as carrier solids, exhibited higher stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]