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Electro-phonophoresis (EP) has been used in various clinical fields. The objective of present study is to evaluate the skin permeability of isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis with the aid of EP to validate the clinical applications of this transdermal delivery system for the treatment of superficial extrapulmonary tuberculosis. INH and RIF solutions were delivered transdermally, with or without EP, in the surrounding tissue of the lesion for 0.5 h. Local pyogenic fluids or necrotic tissue samples from the infection sites in patients were collected at 1 h after dosing. Drug concentrations in samples were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. The median INH and RIF intra-lesional concentrations were 0.365 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.185–1.775) μg/mL and 1.231 (IQR 0.304–1.836) μg/mL in oral group; 2.964 (IQR 0.193–7.325) μg/mL and 2.646 (IQR 1.211–3.753) μg/mL in INH- and RIF-transdermal plus EP group. Drug concentrations in the local sites of patients receiving INH or RIF through EP transdermal delivery were statistically higher than those observed in patients only taking INH and RIF orally. However, this enhancement was not observed in the transdermal delivery of INH or RIF without EP in contrast to the oral administrations of drugs. EP can effectively enhance the skin permeability of INH and RIF in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. The increase in drug concentrations in the lesions could help eradication of the germs; shorten the treatment course and increase the cure rate of patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this study was to explore the use of Pharmasolve® as a new kind of permeability enhancer in ophthalmic drug delivery systems. The ocular irritation of different concentrations of Pharmasolve® on rabbit eyes was evaluated in detail. Four drugs ranging from hydrophilic to lipophilic, namely ribavirin, puerarin, enoxacin, and ibuprofen, were used as model compounds to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Pharmasolve® on the corneal permeability. The mechanism of ocular permeation enhancement of drugs by Pharmasolve® was also discussed. The results showed that Pharmasolve® presented no irritation when the concentration used was lower than 10%. Pharmasolve® could enhance the ocular permeability of the four test drugs; the maximum enhancement in P app was 4.04, 2.76, and 2.67-fold for ribavirin, enoxacin, and puerarin, respectively; 2.5% (v/v) Pharmasovle® increased the P app by about 1.47-fold for ibuprofen; which suggested that it would have a great potential to be used as a safe and effective penetration enhancer in ocular drug delivery systems in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore the use of Pharmasolve as a new kind of permeability enhancer in ophthalmic drug delivery systems. The ocular irritation of different concentrations of Pharmasolve on rabbit eyes was evaluated in detail. Four drugs ranging from hydrophilic to lipophilic, namely ribavirin, puerarin, enoxacin, and ibuprofen, were used as model compounds to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Pharmasolve on the corneal permeability. The mechanism of ocular permeation enhancement of drugs by Pharmasolve was also discussed. The results showed that Pharmasolve presented no irritation when the concentration used was lower than 10%. Pharmasolve could enhance the ocular permeability of the four test drugs; the maximum enhancement in P(app) was 4.04, 2.76, and 2.67-fold for ribavirin, enoxacin, and puerarin, respectively; 2.5% (v/v) Pharmasovle increased the P(app) by about 1.47-fold for ibuprofen; which suggested that it would have a great potential to be used as a safe and effective penetration enhancer in ocular drug delivery systems in the future.