1. Prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
- Author
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Rafful, Claudia, Wagner, Karla D, Werb, Dan, González-Zúñiga, Patricia E, Verdugo, Silvia, Rangel, Gudelia, and Strathdee, Steffanie A
- Subjects
Health Sciences ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Substance Misuse ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,Behavioral and Social Science ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Female ,Heroin Dependence ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Male ,Mexico ,Middle Aged ,Neck ,Prevalence ,Risk Factors ,Substance Abuse ,Intravenous ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,injecting drug use ,injection site ,polydrug use ,psychosocial factor ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Studies in Human Society ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Substance Abuse ,Health sciences ,Human society ,Psychology - Abstract
© 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. Introduction and Aims: Injecting drugs in the neck has been related to adverse health conditions such as jugular vein thrombosis, deep neck infections, aneurysm, haematomas, airway obstruction, vocal cord paralysis and wound botulism, among others. We identified prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico. Design and Methods: Beginning in 2011, PWID aged ≥18 years who injected drugs within the last month were recruited into a prospective cohort. At baseline and semi-annually, PWID completed interviewer-administered surveys soliciting data on drug-injecting practices. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of injecting in the neck as the most frequent injection site at a single visit. Results: Of 380 PWID, 35.3% injected in the neck at least once in the past 6 months, among whom 71.6% reported it as their most common injection site, the most common injecting site after the arms (47%). Controlling for age, years injecting and injecting frequency, injecting heroin and methamphetamine two or more times per day and having sought injection assistance were associated with injecting in the neck [adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 2.12; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27-3.53 and AOR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.52-4.53 respectively]. Discussion and Conclusions: Injecting in the neck was very common among PWID in Tijuana and was associated with polydrug use and seeking injection assistance. Tailoring harm reduction education interventions for individuals who provide injection assistance ('hit doctors') may allow for the dissemination of safe injecting knowledge to reduce injection-related morbidity and mortality. [Rafful C, Wagner KD, Werb D, González-Zúñiga PE, Verdugo S, Rangel G, Strathdee SA. Prevalence and correlates of neck injection among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.
- Published
- 2015