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The role of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels as a predictor of arrhythmia recurrence (AR) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of BNP levels before and 3 months after ablation with the risk of AR. A total of 234 patients undergoing their first session of AF ablation were included (68% male, mean age of 69 years). The cut-off value for discriminating AR was determined based on the maximum value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The impact of BNP levels on AR was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for BNP at 3 months after the procedure was larger (0.714) compared to BNP levels before ablation (0.593). Elevated levels of BNP 3 months after the procedure (&gt, 40.5 pg/mL, n = 96) was associated with a higher risk of AR compared to those without elevated levels (34.4% vs. 10.9%, p &lt, 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated BNP levels were associated with an increased risk of AR (hazard ratio 2.43, p = 0.014). Elevated BNP levels 3 months after AF ablation were a significant prognostic factor in AR, while baseline BNP levels were not.