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In 2016 WHO launched the priority assistive products list (APL) consisting of 50 products and recommended that using this as a reference, countries should develop their own contextually relevant national APLs. This paper describes the development of Malawi's APL. Two hundred and ninety-six persons with disabilities participated in a rapid Assistive Technology Assessment (rATA) survey. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with people with various types of disabilities were conducted. The rATA questionnaire and FGDs collected data on assistive products (APs) participants used, APs they needed and the challenges they experienced. Data collection was done in six districts spread across the three regions in Malawi. All age groups were included in the survey. Persons with disabilities aged less than 18 participated but went with their guardians. All persons who participated in this study provided consent. Survey and FGDs results were presented at an APL consensus meeting with policymakers, service providers, disabled peoples' organizations and development partners in the disability sector. Based on the results and further discussions, a consensus was reached on the priority APs for Malawi. More than a third of respondents used wheelchairs (32%), followed by auxiliary crutches (25%), walking sticks (13%), reading glasses (11%), prosthesis (10%), elbow crutches (9%) and orthosis (8%). There is also a high demand for products such as pull-up underwear (incontinence products) (79%), hearing aids (70%), reading glasses (59%) and diapers (63%). After intensive discussions during a consensus meeting, an agreement was reached on the 22 priority APs for Malawi. There is a wide range of APs being used by people with different functional limitations in Malawi. There is also a demand for APs that are not readily available. When developing an APL, the list should include products in use, those in demand, and those recommended by service providers. Following the development of the priority assistive products list (APL) by WHO, member states should develop their own contextually based APL. The development of the APL should be based on research evidence. All key stakeholders including persons with disabilities and other functional limitations, government, and development partners should participate in this process. The APL should be part of the national health system or community services. The Department of Disability and Elderly Affairs in the Ministry of Gender, Community Development, being the Government of Malawi line ministry coordinating disability issues participated actively in this study including inviting participants in the stakeholders' validation workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Throughout the world, mobility devices are usually distributed using product-based business models, where a device is provided to a user, and serviced or replaced when the user returns to the clinic with an issue. Moving to a service-based business model can provide continuous and customised support for the user, and provide the clinicians and manufacturers with better data to base their decisions on. This study reviews papers on assistive technology service-based business models and considerations in designing such a model to optimise economic and social value. It then applies the findings to the mobility device space. Method: A systematic literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID databases to analyse studies that discuss service delivery models used to provide assistive products. Inductive thematic analysis determined the themes, facilitators and barriers associated with providing a service. Findings were applied to mobility device service provision. Results and conclusion: Themes from the 29 relevant papers were grouped into four categories: Access (affordability/availability/education), Utility (customisability/usability/adaptability), Integrity (quality/sustainability/impact), and Compliance (policy/privacy/security). The most common themes were customisability, affordability, availability, and education. There is a need for service-based delivery models to replace conventional product-based models, and many considerations to optimise their design. No publications discussed the design and implementation of a service-based model for mobility device provision that uses modern sensors, software and other digital technologies to optimise the service. Service-based models that use modern digital technologies are new for the mobility device field, but much can be learnt from other fields. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Service-based business models that make use of modern digital technologies are likely to improve ongoing individual rehabilitation, but they are new for the mobility device field and currently lack research and evidence-based practice. The systematic review found that modern digital technologies like sensors, apps, and AI might be useful for providing ongoing support and more personalised rehabilitation for users of assistive products. To provide ongoing support for end-users, a successful design of service-based business model for assistive products should be accessible, both physically and financially, as well as easy to customise and adapt over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Play is a fundamental human right and one of the most important occupations in children's lives. Fewer opportunities exist for children with physical disabilities (CWPD) to play. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of published peer-reviewed literature on using AT to enable "play-for-the-sake-of-play" by CWPD. Method: The review was conducted using a widely accepted scoping review methodology. Literature searches were conducted from January 2000 to March 2022 using MEDLINE, Central, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, and EMBASE. Pairs of reviewers used an online systematic review system to manage title, abstract, and full-text screening. Excel was used for data extraction and charting. Data was charted based on type of AT, play types according to LUDI definitions, and level of evidence. Results: The search yielded 5250 papers after the removal of duplicates. Title and abstract screening identified 58 studies for full-text screening. The final sample included 31 papers. Seven types of AT were identified in studies: power mobility, virtual reality, robots, adaptations for upper limb differences, switch-adapted games, augmentative and alternative communication devices, and mobility aids. Twenty-three papers addressed cognitive play, seven addressed social play, and one addressed both cognitive and social play. Most studies used case study, descriptive, or repeated measures designs. Conclusion: There is limited evidence regarding the use of AT to support play-for-the-sake-of-play in CWPD. Given the importance of play, further research using rigorous methodologies and the development of assistive technology dedicated to promoting play-for-the-sake-of-play is warranted. IMPLICATION FOR REHABILITATION: There is a need to promote play-for-the-sake-of-play for its intrinsic value rather than only focusing on play for its therapeutic outcomes for children with physical disabilities. Existing studies on technology to support play participation for children with physical disabilities seldom consider a holistic view of play that includes both social and cognitive dimensions. A few studies have included the use of assistive technology to enable play, but the wide variety of technologies used limits the identification of patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONManual wheelchair skills training programs are novel developments, particularly in the United States. As perceived by the caregivers of participants, this study aimed to examine the long-term impact of the Skills on Wheels program on participants’ occupational engagement and quality of life at home, at school, and in the community. Secondly, this study investigated the caregivers’ perspectives of the program design of Skills on Wheels. This was a qualitative inquiry based upon thematic analyses of semi-structured interviews after participation in a pediatric wheelchair skills training program. The study participants were 9 caregivers whose children participated in this program over the 2021 and 2022 implementation years. Caregivers were given a 10-question semi-structured interview. The five overarching topics included program impact: (i) occupational engagement, (ii) program impact: quality of life factors, (iii) program resources/design, (iv) novelty/importance of program/wheelchair skills training, and (v) desired continued wheelchair skills practice in the future. Results provided tangible feedback to integrate into program design and supported the Skills on Wheels program’s positive value as it relates to impact on quality of life and occupational engagement for participants.Wheelchair skills training programs are important for children with disabilities to fill in service gaps related to community mobility.When developing community programs in general, it is necessary to gain the understanding of the impact on caregivers of children with disabilities.This paper provides insight into how a pediatric wheelchair skills training program is viewed by the caregivers of participating children.Therapists and researchers can see the caregiver impact of programs or training such as that described in this study.Wheelchair skills training programs are important for children with disabilities to fill in service gaps related to community mobility.When developing community programs in general, it is necessary to gain the understanding of the impact on caregivers of children with disabilities.This paper provides insight into how a pediatric wheelchair skills training program is viewed by the caregivers of participating children.Therapists and researchers can see the caregiver impact of programs or training such as that described in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communication Technologies have transformed our lives in different social areas, facilitating interpersonal relationships thanks to technological tools. In the specific case of people with disabilities, Assistive Technologies (ATs) break down barriers and increase opportunities to become active members of society with equal opportunities. This paper presents a systematic mapping study that analyzes the current state-of-the-art of ATs proposed in the literature to support the empowering of people with disability. Specifically, this paper focuses on (1) describing a global vision of the scientific literature published in the last 20 years about ATs in the computer science field and (2) identifying research needs, gaps, and trends. For this purpose, an in-depth analysis of 389 primary studies is presented. The information obtained from the mapping process is also constrained. Concretely, 35 ATs versus 22 disabilities are compared, obtaining striking peaks for some disabilities described in the discussion. Finally, the findings show that several areas have been covered only lightly, revealing interesting future directions and challenges for junior researchers. • ATs have the potential to break down barriers for people with disabilities, enabling them to participate more fully in society. This implies a need for rehabilitation programs to incorporate ATs into their strategies to enhance social inclusion. • Given the transformative role of ICT, rehabilitation programs should focus on helping people with disabilities develop the necessary technological skills to utilize ATs effectively. • This work highlights the diversity of ATs and disabilities, suggesting a need for personalized rehabilitation plans that match specific ATs to individual disabilities. • Rehabilitation professionals should be trained to assess and recommend appropriate ATs for each case. Rehabilitation programs should consider incorporating cutting-edge ATs and staying involved in research to contribute to future developments to cover gaps and challenges identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the existing qualitative research literature concerning people's experience of communicating using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). The aims of conducting this review were to find out more about the values and outcomes that are important to people about the AAC they use to support their communication. This review was conducted to provide a deeper understanding of these experiences to inform the development of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). A qualitative evidence synthesis of existing qualitative research literature was undertaken to explore and appraise current knowledge about the experiences of people who use AAC. From 115 qualitative research reports 19 papers were identified that responded directly to the research question and aims of the review. Data were identified that could be organized within an a priori framework consisting of the constructs of values, outcomes, and context. The review has resulted in a deeper, analytical understanding of the experiences of people who require AAC. The results indicate a set of concepts that can be used to inform the development of a PROM. A PROM can be used to assist clinicians and researchers to better understand the perspectives of people who require AAC and evaluate interventions. The results also encourage professionals to reconsider the terminology and methods used when working alongside people who require AAC and to reflect on the multidimensional factors that influence people's experience of communication. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be useful tools to support clinician-patient communication, facilitate shared decision making and establish priorities for rehabilitation. It can be difficult to engage people who have complex communication difficulties in decisions about the important outcomes to them from using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This qualitative evidence synthesis provides a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of people who use AAC. The results will be used to inform the development of a PROM which can be used to facilitate shared decision-making, and evaluate AAC interventions from the perspective of the people who use these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the older adult population rise globally, technologies to monitoring activities of daily living (ADL) may have a role in supporting aging in place for older adults. The objective of this systematic literature review was to study the scope, diversity and readiness of technologies developed to monitor ADL in older adults. We systematically searched two scientific databases (CINAHL and IEEE), following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included studies on technologies used to monitor older adults' ADL in the home but excluded studies focused on communication technologies (phone calls, text messages) or monitoring postures alone. The JBI checklist for case series was used for quality assessment. Extracted details included population characteristics, ADL assessment outcomes, types of monitoring technology, and technology readiness and usability. The search found 147 papers, with 16 papers included in the final analysis. The literature described 48 types of technologies. Of moderate quality studies, five studies used wearables at technology readiness level 4–6 to monitor basic ADL (walking, transfers and walking up stairs) and one used ambient sensors to detect urinary incontinence. Monitoring technologies remain at development stages. More research is needed to strengthen technologies that monitor activities of daily living. Monitoring activities of daily living at home remains focused on using wearables to assess in-home functional mobility to support rehabilitation. Technologies remain a 4–6 readiness level and there is a lack of evidence to recommend in-home monitoring technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of two papers summarizing studies reporting on the design of electronic graphic symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. The aim of this paper was to describe the design approaches used and to determine to what extent the principles of human-centred design (HCD) were reflected in the design approaches and processes used. A scoping review was conducted. A multifaceted search resulted in the identification of 28 studies meeting the selection criteria. Data were extracted relating to four areas of interest, namely, (1) the general characteristics of the studies, (2) features of the systems designed, (3) availability of the systems to the public and (4) the design processes followed. In this paper, findings related to the last area are presented. Design approaches were often inconsistently described. User-centred design was mentioned more often than HCD. Even so, various HCD principles were considered in most studies. Notably, stakeholders were involved in the design process in all studies. However, users were not involved in all studies and stakeholder roles were predominantly informative rather than collaborative. Prototype and product evaluations focussed mostly on usability rather than user experience. Although many design teams were multidisciplinary, engineers and computer scientists predominated. There is a need for designers to be more transparent about the type of design approach used to guide the system design and also to clearly report on design approaches and processes used. The application of HCD to the design of graphic symbol-based AAC systems is still limited. Human-centred design approaches can productively guide the design of electronic graphic symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. Creative methods are needed to involve stakeholders with complex communication needs in all phases of the design process. Evaluation of electronic graphic symbol-based AAC systems should consider both usability and user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first of two papers summarizing studies reporting on the design of electronic graphic symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems, to determine the state of the field. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the general characteristics of the studies and to describe the features of the systems designed. A scoping review was conducted. A multifaceted search resulted in the identification of 28 studies meeting the selection criteria. Data were extracted relating to four areas of interest, namely (1) the general characteristics of the studies, (2) features of the systems designed, (3) availability of the systems to the public, and (4) the design processes followed. In this paper, findings relating to the first three areas are presented. Most study authors were affiliated to fields of engineering and/or computer science and came from high-income countries. Most studies reported the design of AAC applications loaded onto mobile technology devices. Common system features included customizable vocabulary items, the inclusion of graphic symbols from both established AAC libraries and other sources, a dynamic grid display, and the inclusion of digital and/or synthetic speech output. Few systems were available to the public. Limited justifications for many of the complex design decisions were provided in the studies, possibly due to limited involvement of rehabilitation professionals during the design process. Furthermore, few studies reported on the design of graphic symbol-based AAC systems specifically for middle- and low-income contexts and also for multilingual populations. Complex design decisions about electronic graphic symbol-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems should be made purposefully and with sufficient justification. Increased collaboration between designers and rehabilitation professionals during the design of electronic graphic symbol-based systems could improve the products. Design of AAC systems for populations residing in low and middle-income contexts and also for multilingual populations are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive technologies (AT) perform an important social role, interacting with cultural systems to produce or hinder accessibility to biosocial environments. This interaction profoundly shapes not only how an individual body can be experienced by users but also produce and hinder accessibility to biosocial environments. AT users have historically been viewed through a medical model, which deems them disabled by their impairments and by dominant ableist narratives. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an insight into the importance of ageing with and into AT. This paper aims to investigate polio survivors' and diabetic amputees' experiences of assistive technologies in order to better understand impacts upon narrative and identity. By applying an anthropological and sociological lens, a holistic view of the experiences of polio survivor and amputee AT users is developed. This paper draws on 16 in-depth interviews with polio survivors and diabetic amputees in the United States (US) and Australia, which were analysed using an experience-centered narrative approach. Both projects were approved by ethics boards. All participants provided written consent. Five themes were identified: a) disruption to biographies, which reflected AT impact on how narratives become altered; b) impacts to autonomy, which reflected the importance of regaining previous daily activities; c) re-engaging with community life, which highlighted how AT supported participation in valued activities; d) self-perceptions of assistive technologies, which act in opposition to external perspectives and challenge ableist narratives; and e) an intergenerational comparison of new and older AT users highlights the importance of temporalities. This paper offers new perspectives on ageing with assistive technologies, with a focus on identity and narrative. The importance of this paper is to contribute to the existing literature that demonstrates the cultural implications that arise through embodiment and assistive technologies. The use of assistive technology can help individuals regain function, but the individual circumstances require consideration The use of assistive technology is a complex entanglement of bodies, environments, biographies, and imagined futures. The use of assistive technology can provide participants autonomy over their narratives and assist with maintaining their identities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for social distancing in order to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 concomitant with the needs of patients as well as the protection of the patients and service providers which has led to the use of tele health in speech and language therapy. For this reason, we decided to review the studies that focus on tele health in speech and language therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the purpose of this study is to investigate the use and satisfaction of tele health in speech and language therapy. We conducted a systematic review of the literature in accordance with the PRISMA statement on google scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, ProQuest, Web of science, Springer and Cochrane databases between 2020 − 2021. An additional manual search was performed, taking into consideration references of the included papers, through the same eligibility criteria. Two researchers screened the titles and abstracts of articles that met inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included papers was evaluated using the Critical Appraisals Skills Program (CASP) checklists. The collection of reviewed articles included 83 articles from different countries, subsequently 8 articles (3 clinical trials and 5 experimental) were selected. The data extracted were: participations, objects, methods, tools and results. According to present study, tele health can be used in diagnosis and treatment of speech-language conditions as well as educating speech and language pathology students. Moreover, these findings showed patients and therapists were more inclined to utilise tele health. Reduced access to in-person rehabilitation care in covid-19 pandemic, along with changes in health care finance and delivery, contributed to an exponential increase in telehealth. Measures of quality and patient satisfaction are unknown in the model of tele rehabilitation. To date, the literature on tele rehabilitation is limited and most commonly describes treatment for an impairment within a specific disease. Beyond infection control, eliminating travel time, incorporating other health care advocates, and convenience delivering care in familiar environments to pediatric patients are all benefits that will be durable outside times of pandemic. For families who live in rural or medically underserved areas and have access to internet and technology, telemedicine is a tool to provide access to medical care. Telemedicine can also increase patient and caregiver satisfaction through reduced travel and clinic wait time and increased potential for appointment time flexibility. Tele rehabilitation medicine provides an opportunity to deliver timely, patient and family-centric rehabilitation care while maintaining physical distancing and reducing potential COVID-19 exposure for our patients, their caregivers and medical providers. Since SLP mostly relies on communication through visual-auditory and perceptual aspects, tele practice could be a proper opportunity to provide care in this field. Given the need for continuous therapy sessions in order to treat speech-language disorders, the application of tele practice may eliminate problems in this area to some extent while preventing the transmission of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONVisually impaired people (VIP) find it challenging to understand and gain awareness of their surroundings. Most activities require the use of the auditory or tactile senses. As such, assistive systems which are capable of aiding visually impaired people to understand, navigate and form a mental representation of their environment are extensively being studied and developed. The aim of this paper is to provide insight regarding the characteristics, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of different types of sonification strategies in assistive systems, to assess their suitability for certain use-cases.To this end, we reviewed a sizeable number of assistive solutions for VIP which provide a form of auditory feedback to the user, encountered in different scientific databases (Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM and Google Scholar) through direct searches and cross-referencing.We classified these solutions based on the aural information they provide to the VIP – alerts, guidance and information about their environment, be it spatial or semantic. Our intention is not to provide an exhaustive review, but to select representative implementations from recent literature that highlight the particularities of each sonification approach.Thus, anyone who is intent on developing an assistive solution will be able to choose the desired sonification class, being aware of the advantages/disadvantages and at the same time having a fairly wide selection of articles from the representative class.The motivation behind this paper is to provide an overview of sonification strategies in the context of assistive systems for the visually impaired people.Whilst surveys and reviews which provide in-depth insights into assistive technologies and sonification exist, papers which provide a combined view of these topics are rather lacking.The analysis of the selected papers provides insight regarding the characteristics of different types of sonification strategies in assistive systems for visually impaired people and their suitability for certain use-cases.The motivation behind this paper is to provide an overview of sonification strategies in the context of assistive systems for the visually impaired people.Whilst surveys and reviews which provide in-depth insights into assistive technologies and sonification exist, papers which provide a combined view of these topics are rather lacking.The analysis of the selected papers provides insight regarding the characteristics of different types of sonification strategies in assistive systems for visually impaired people and their suitability for certain use-cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONObjectives: The ability to localize sound sources is crucial for everyday listening, as it contributes to spatial awareness and the detection of warning signs. Individuals with hearing impairment have poorer localization abilities, which further deteriorate when they are fitted with a hearing aid. Although numerous studies have addressed this phenomenon, there is a lack of systematic evidence. The aim of the current systematic review is to address the following research question, “Do behavioural measures of spatial hearing ability improve with bilateral hearing aid fitting compared to the unaided hearing condition?”Design: A comprehensive search was conducted by two independent authors utilizing electronic databases, using various electronic databases, covering the period of 1965 to 2022. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated using the Population, Intervention, Compression, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) format, and the certainty of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines.Results: The comprehensive search resulted in 2199 studies, 17 studies for qualitative synthesis and 15 studies for quantitative synthesis. The collected data was divided into two groups, namely vertical and horizontal localization. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that the localization performance was significantly better in the unaided condition for both vertical and horizontal planes. The certainty of our evidence was judged to be moderate, meaning that “we are moderately confident in the effect estimate. The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different”.Conclusion: The review findings demonstrate that the bilateral fitting of the hearing aid did not effectively preserve spatial cues, which resulted in poorer localization performance irrespective of the plane of assessment.Review Registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); CRD42022358164Hearing aids are a widely used rehabilitative method to compensate for the loss of audibility in individuals with hearing impairment. The current review highlights that, even though hearing aids can enhance audibility, they often fail to preserve spatial cues.This review paper provides a comprehensive summary of the existing literature, focusing on the preservation of spatial cues by hearing aids and the technologies that can enhance localization performance to a certain degree.The findings of the current study encourage both researchers and hearing aid manufacturers to advance their research methods pertaining to the preservation of spatial cues. This advancement has the potential to improve spatial awareness and possibly improve speech perception in the presence of noise in hearing aid users.Hearing aids are a widely used rehabilitative method to compensate for the loss of audibility in individuals with hearing impairment. The current review highlights that, even though hearing aids can enhance audibility, they often fail to preserve spatial cues.This review paper provides a comprehensive summary of the existing literature, focusing on the preservation of spatial cues by hearing aids and the technologies that can enhance localization performance to a certain degree.The findings of the current study encourage both researchers and hearing aid manufacturers to advance their research methods pertaining to the preservation of spatial cues. This advancement has the potential to improve spatial awareness and possibly improve speech perception in the presence of noise in hearing aid users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones have become a core piece of assistive technology (AT) for people with vision impairment (PVI) around the world. This scoping review sought to provide a comprehensive picture of the current evidence base of smartphones for PVI. Seven electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for papers published from 2007 to 2021. Peer-reviewed articles published in English which discussed smartphones use by PVI; smartphone technologies designed for PVI or training and learning support on the use of smartphones were included. There were 16,899 records retrieved and 65 articles were included in this review. The majority (48%) of the papers focussed on developing better interfaces and Apps for PVI. Contrastingly, there was a paucity of papers (5%) discussing training or learning support for PVI to use smartphones and Apps effectively, even though it was highlighted to be important. Proper training will ensure that PVI can use this everyday technology as an AT to increase participation, enhance independence and improve quality of life overall. The findings highlighted that smartphones and Apps can be used as effective and affordable AT by PVI. The many recent developments and research interest in smartphone technologies can further support its use. However, good training and learning support on the use of smartphones and Apps by PVI, is lacking. Future research should focus on the development, provision and evaluation of evidence based tailored training and support, especially in low- and middle-income countries. There is a need for more training and learning support for people with vision impairment (PVI) on the use of smartphones and Apps. Individualized and a graded approach to training has been recommended for PVI to learn to use smartphones. When supporting or training people to use smartphones, the person's level of vision impairment as well as their age, are important considerations. Health professionals should be cognizant of the steep learning curve that some PVI may experience when using smartphones and Apps, especially when they switch from a phone with physical buttons to touchscreen. Certain smartphones features are useful to particular vision loss conditions. For example, zoom and magnification are helpful for those with low vision but text input and output, and commands using speech (e.g., Siri and TalkBack) are useful for those who are blind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-induced lockdowns have increased the importance of technology in education. Though access to technology as well as availability of the internet remain a major concern for a lot of children in the global south, children with intellectual disabilities are disadvantaged even more as most of the e-content is developed keeping in mind the average learner. Unstructured interviews were conducted with children with intellectual disabilities studying in government schools in Haryana as well as their teachers and parents. Thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted to understand the use-patterns of mobile phones by children with intellectual disabilities. Findings suggest that these children are learning to use mobile phones on their own or with some support and are able to navigate the complexities of these smartphones quite well. They use these devices mostly for their entertainment. This paper then reflects on the need and strategies to develop these technologies in ways that they can be used as effective tools for teaching children with intellectual disabilities, especially in the inclusive education system in developing countries. The paper reflects on the need to develop technology and tools using flexible and exploratory designs to enhance the learning processes for children with intellectual disabilities from the lower income strata. This study highlights the importance of being able to use mobile phones by children with intellectual disabilities belonging to low income families. Following this, the article argues for designing of mobile phones suitable for use by children with intellectual disabilities using playfulness and explorations, and Building e-content keeping the elements of playfulness and exploration which can enhance the learnings of this group of students which is often ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the possibilities of analysing children's own designs to contribute to the design of inclusive paediatric mobility interventions. The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to develop a framework for child-centred design analysis, (2) to analyse children's designs to explore both quantitative and qualitative insights and (3) to explore how children's voice could be elevated through design research. A Child-centred Design Analysis Framework is developed in an interdisciplinary manner, comprising four dimensions including Child, Content, Context and Format. It is used as a vehicle to analyse and code 130 "Dream Wheelchair" designs by children. The children's "Dream Wheelchair" designs reference a range of features and priorities, which are gathered into themes through the framework, providing insights into children's individual and collective mobility narratives, values and requirements. Themes are explored through a qualitative interdisciplinary lens to understand the nature of children's lived experiences. The framework promotes child-centred framing through extracting meaning from children's own designs. It is suggested that child-centred framing and a rights-respecting approach to assistive technology design research can lead to more appropriate design outcomes and improved user experiences for children with disabilities. The design analysis framework developed and presented in this paper facilitates child-centred framing to elevate children's voice in a design process. Analysis of 130 children's visual and textual designs elicited narratives, values, and requirements around their "Dream Wheelchairs"; these findings contribute insights which can be used for designing inclusive paediatric mobility interventions. This paper invites industry practitioners and design researchers to use a child-centred and rights-respecting approach when designing with or for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Eye-gaze technology offers professionals a range of feedback tools, but it is not well understood how these are used to support decision-making or how professionals understand their purpose and function. This paper explores how professionals use a variety of feedback tools and provides commentary on their current use and ideas for future tool development.Methods and Materials: The study adopted a focus group methodology with two groups of professional participants: those involved in the assessment and provision of eye-gaze technology (n = 6) and those who interact with individuals using eye-gaze technology on an ongoing basis (n = 5). Template analysis was used to provide qualitative insight into the research questions.Results: Professionals highlighted several issues with existing tools and gave suggestions on how these could be made better. It is generally felt that existing tools highlight the existence of problems but offer little in the way of solutions or suggestions. Some differences of opinion related to professional perspective were highlighted. Questions about automating certain processes were raised by both groups.Conclusions: Discussion highlighted the need for different levels of feedback for users and professionals. Professionals agreed that current tools are useful to identify problems but do not offer insight into potential solutions. Some tools are being used to draw inferences about vision and cognition which are not supported by existing literature. New tools may be needed to better meet the needs of professionals and an increased understanding of how existing tools function may support such development. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Professionals sometimes make use of feedback tools to infer the cognitive and/or visual abilities of users, although the tools are not designed or validated for these purposes, and the existing literature does not support this. Some eye-gaze feedback tools are perceived as a "black box", leaving professionals uncertain as to how to usefully interpret and apply the outputs. There is an opportunity to improve tools that provide feedback on how well an eye-gaze system is working or how effectively a user can interact with this technology. Professionals identified that tools could be better at offering potential solutions, rather than simply identifying the existence of problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) offer promise to the play of children with significant physical impairments, as BCI technology can enable disabled children to control computer devices, toys, and robots using only their brain signals. However, there is little research on the unique needs of disabled children when it comes to BCI-enabled play. Thus, this paper explored the lived experiences of play for children with significant physical impairments and examined how BCI could potentially be implemented into disabled children's play experiences by applying a social model of childhood disability. Descriptive qualitative methodology was employed by conducting four semi-structured interviews with two children with significant physical impairments and their parents. We found that disabled children's play can be interpreted as passive or active depending on one's definition and perceptions surrounding play. Moreover, disabled children continue to face physical, economic, and technological barriers in their play, as well as play restrictions from physical impairments. We urge that future research should strive to directly hear from disabled children themselves, as their perspectives may differ from their parents' views. Also, future BCI development should strive to incorporate video games, recreational and entertainment applications/platforms, toys and switch-adapted toys, and power wheelchairs to better support the play of children with significant physical impairments. Implications for Rehabilitation: Assistive technology research should strive to examine the social, infrastructural, and environmental barriers that continue to disable and restrict participation for disabled children and their families through applying a social model of childhood disability and other holistic frameworks that look beyond individual factors Future research that examines the needs and lives of disabled children should strive to directly seek the opinions and perspectives of disabled children themselves Brain-computer interface development should strive to incorporate video games, recreational and entertainment applications/platforms, toys and switch-adapted toys, and power wheelchairs to better support the play of children with significant physical impairments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: People living with dementia are often at increased risk of becoming socially disconnected due to dementia-related challenges. In recent years, digital technology has been designed to help address the social health of people living with dementia and provide opportunities to promote or maintain their social connectedness. This paper presents the findings from phase two of a participatory action research project, which explored people living with dementia and their caregiver's experiences and perceptions of social connectedness and the potential role of Virtual Reality (VR) in promoting or maintaining same. Materials and Methods: People living with dementia (n = 8) and their informal caregivers (n = 8) participated in an individual, 1:1 online interview. Data analysis was guided by reflexive thematic analysis. Results: The findings presented four themes: social connectedness: lived experiences and insights, facilitating social connectedness, barriers to social connectedness and the potential of multi-user VR for social connectedness. People living with dementia experienced a range of personal, community and societal connectedness. Facilitators of social connectedness included supportive, non-judgemental, and reciprocal relationships, technology adoption, and personal and contextual facilitators. Dementia-related difficulties and periods of disruption or change were considered barriers to social connectedness. Multi-user VR was perceived as useful for promoting and maintaining social connectedness. Conclusions: The perceived usefulness of multi-user VR for social connectedness indicates its potential for use with this population. Understanding the lived experiences, barriers, and facilitators of social connectedness will assist researchers and the human-computer interaction community to inform the design of future multi-user VR for social connectedness outcomes with people living with dementia and their caregivers. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: People living with dementia and their caregivers consider social connectedness a vital aspect of living well with dementia. People living with dementia experience social connectedness across personal, community and societal domains. Supportive, non-judgemental or reciprocal relationships, fostering technology, and personal and contextual factors facilitate social connectedness for people living with dementia. Dementia-related barriers and periods of disruption and change can negatively impact the social connectedness of people living with dementia. People living with dementia and their caregivers consider multi-user virtual reality a promising technology to promote and maintain their social connectedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the review was to explore current factors affecting the use of a powered wheelchair for an adult person a with a disability. Materials and Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Information about the characteristics of the studies (type, setting) and perceived barriers and facilitators to powered wheelchair use were extracted using a data extraction sheet. Data synthesis was achieved using narrative synthesis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields (SQAC) and the CASP checklist (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme), Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: Fifteen studies qualified for inclusion in the review. The narrative synthesis produced a conceptual map of reported factors affecting the usability of a powered wheelchair. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that powered wheelchair use is a multifaceted and multidisciplinary phenomenon that is dependent on numerous interconnected factors including individual adjustment, stakeholder cooperation, societal attitudes, functional performance, and environmental features. Based on the review findings, there are several applied learning outcomes and practical applications to the powered wheelchair prescription and provision. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: The rejection, misuse or damage of a powered wheelchair can result in condition deterioration and loss of independence for the user. Adult powered wheelchair prescription, maintenance, and use is a multi-faceted process spanning social, individual, environmental, technical and functional, and organisational factors. Individuals in this stakeholder network should aim to account for these interdisciplinary factors when engaging with people who use powered wheelchairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Little is known about how children learn to control eye-gaze technology, and clinicians lack information to guide decision-making. This paper examines whether typically developing 2–3 year olds can infer for themselves the causal mechanisms by which eye-gaze technology is controlled, whether a teaching intervention based on causal language improves performance and how their performance compares to the same task accessed via a touchscreen. Methods and materials: Typically developing children's (n = 9, Mean Age 28.7 months) performance on a cause and effect game presented on eye-gaze and touchscreen devices was compared. The game was presented first with no specific instruction on how to control the devices. This was followed by a subsequent presentation with explicit instruction about how the access methods worked, using a causal language approach. A final presentation examined whether children had retained any learning. Results: Performance in the eye-gaze condition without instruction (42.5% successful trials) was significantly below performance in the corresponding touchscreen condition (75%). However, when causal language instruction was added, performance with both access methods rose to comparable levels (90.7% eye-gaze and 94.6% touchscreen success). Performance gains were not retained post-intervention. Conclusions: Although 2–3 years in the study could make use of eye-gaze technology with support, this study found no evidence that these children could infer the causal mechanisms of control independently or intuitively. The lack of spatial contiguity and the comparative lack of feedback from eye-gaze devices are discussed as possible contributory factors. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: There are challenges in young children inferring for themselves the causal link between eye movements and control of an eye-gaze device. Explicit instruction may improve children's performance in a specific task, but it is debatable whether this translates to the establishment of causal mechanisms for control of the device. Clinicians should be cautious of making assumptions about what children are learning from activities claiming to teach cause and effect or other foundational eye-gaze control skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vocational education and training of computer literacy as part of vocational rehabilitation, learners often work on problem-solving exercises as self-study assignments, and check if their answers are correct. Sighted learners can get information on their incorrect answers by comparing their answers with the correct answers. However, learners with visual impairments largely depend on their teachers for getting this feedback. To remove this dependence, we designed a self-checking system for learners with visual impairments to verify the correctness of their answers. In this paper, we report the results of a usability study to evaluate whether learners with visual impairments can self-check spreadsheet problem-solving exercises using our system in a teacherless environment. Usability evaluation experiment was conducted using 2 × 2 crossover design with people with visual impairments (n = 11). The participants checked their answers (detected and corrected errors) after working on problem-solving exercises in two ways: (i) manually; and (ii) using our system. The system usability was evaluated by measuring Detection-And-Correction (DAC) ratio as effectiveness, time taken and the number of steps required for DAC as efficiency, and System Usability Scale score as satisfaction. The results show that all the participants could complete the DAC task by using our system, and the time required for DAC task was significantly reduced by using our system as compared to by checking manually. Our system enables learners with visual impairments to self-check problem-solving exercises answers. However, to increase the user satisfaction, the number of required keystrokes needs to be decreased. Vocational rehabilitation for learners with visual impairments to improve their computer literacy is becoming increasingly important. Learners with visual impairments have the potential to acquire computer literacy in a teacherless environment by using simple assistive software like our self-checking system. Simple assistive software for learners with visual impairments like our self-checking system may have a positive effect not only on learners with visual impairments but also on sighted people. Moreover, our system reduces the teaching load of the teachers so that they can be more effective in helping learners with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exoskeleton can assist individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) with simple movements and transform their lives by enhancing strength and mobility. Nonetheless, the current utilization outside of rehabilitation contexts is limited. To promote the widespread adoption of exoskeletons, it is crucial to consider the acceptance of these devices for both rehabilitation and functional purposes. This systematic review aims to identify the barriers or facilitators of the use of lower limbs exoskeletons, thereby providing strategies to improve interventions and increase the adoption of these devices. A comprehensive search was conducted in EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. Studies reporting barriers and facilitators of exoskeleton use were included. The studies' quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and undertook a thematic content analysis for papers examining the barriers and facilitators. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. These revealed various factors that impact the utilization of exoskeletons. Factors like age, engagement in an active lifestyle, and motivation were identified as facilitators, while fear of falling and unfulfilled expectations were recognized as barriers. Physical aspects such as fatigue, neuropathic discomfort, and specific health conditions were found to be barriers. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the barriers and facilitators to the use of exoskeleton technology. There are therefore still challenges to be faced, efforts must be made to improve its design, functionality, and accessibility. By addressing these barriers, exoskeletons can significantly improve the quality of life of people with SCI. Optimize the use of this technology to adapt as much as possible to individual needs. Offer an in-depth understanding of the challenges that can arise when adopting exoskeletons. Highlight the critical issues with the device, that prevent me from using it outside of clinical contexts. Offer useful information to therapists to select the most suitable patients for the use of the exoskeleton and to customize rehabilitation programs more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of India offers various schemes for various classes of citizens. Most of the application forms of schemes to be filled are in English and it is observed that monolingual individuals find it difficult to access and fill the forms. This paper addresses the challenges faced by monolingual individuals in India, particularly the elderly, people with impairments, and those from marginalized communities. The proposed work is to create an interactive system called "Dhvani" voicebot, specifically designed for the Kannada language. It helps users in identifying suitable government schemes and fills forms in English. The proposed system is developed using the RASA chatbot framework and NLP techniques to comprehend user utterances. RNN and SVM algorithms are employed to ensure smooth conversation flow and interaction with the users. To enhance scheme suggestion accuracy, a knowledge graph is created, containing relevant data on government schemes. The intent classification model achieves an accuracy of 97%, indicating its ability to accurately understand user intentions. The integration of a knowledge graph improves the accuracy of scheme identification and suggestion to users. The system automates the process of filling out government scheme forms based on user inputs. Dhvani voicebot system presents a practical solution to address the challenges faced by monolingual individuals in accessing government schemes in India. The high accuracy of intent classification and the use of a knowledge graph contribute to the system's effectiveness. The study suggests that this system can be extended to other languages. An automated tool called "Dhvani" will solve the problem of aged, illiterate and physically challenged persons filling forms in post offices and banks. Most of the schemes, pension funds, cash withdrawal, cash deposit is through these organizations. So. the tool makes the process easier for the above mention persons without the help of others. An intent recognition and interactive tool developed in Kannada Language which is widely spoken in Karnataka, India. The digital resources available in Kannada Language is very sparce. Use of technology like interactive tool, Knowledge graph, RNN and SVM are used in the development of the tool. Government scheme recommendation interactively makes the users to choose the scheme faster in an interactive way. The form is filled automatically and can be edited to rectify mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seat tilting wheelchair features can increase the comfort and safety of the user. Although many power wheelchairs have tilting mechanisms, they are often designed with a specific wheelchair model in mind. In this study, a design process for seat tilting mechanisms that can be applied to most rear-wheel drive wheelchair models is developed. Equations were developed to describe the geometrical and load constraints that were used to size the electric actuator that powers the system and define its position. Finally, the equations were used to create the seat tilting mechanism of a prototype wheelchair, which was then tested. The equations yielded coherent results which showed that advantageous actuator positions from a load minimization perspective usually require dimensions that cannot be found in commercial actuators. Also, there are positions in which the load increases exponentially, which should be avoided. The tests showed that the system was able to function properly on the prototype wheelchair and that the actuator position affected the time taken for the actuator to execute different parts of the tilting movement. The design process presented here was successful and modelled by general equations that can be applied to most front-wheel drive wheelchairs. It presents a low-cost option for the design of seat tilting systems, which can increase their accessibility. Developing new systems to provide improvements in assistive technologies is fundamental for social reintegration and quality of life improvement. Wheelchairs with a seat stabilization system for moving through inclined terrain can provide greater comfort and safety to the user. Adding low-cost functionalities to wheelchairs is essential to make them more accessible to people, therefore, this paper provides a design method of a new seat stabilization system applied to low-cost wheelchairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONRobotic technology-aided instruction and interventions have been designed to support both Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) interventions for children with ASD. However, to the best of our knowledge, this field has not been systematically reviewed. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the literature to determine whether ABA or PRT methods in a robotic therapeutic context yield better outcomes for individuals with ASD, specifically in terms of approaching and accepting robots. A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar was conducted. Randomized control trials (RCT) and pre-post-test design investigations that assessed the impact of ABA vs. PRT approach via robot-mediated technology vs. human trainers on intervention outcomes of children with ASD were selected and included in this systematic review. Finally, 13 papers met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Two independent reviewers extracted the associated data from each selected study according to the standardized data extraction form. Two reviewers also assessed the quality of each study independently using the Cochrane Back Review Scale and JBI tool for quasi-experimental studies. We categorized two general classifications of findings including ABA vs. PRT as well as robotic technology vs. human. In conclusion, the existing investigations on the effect of robotic assistive technology using ABA or PRT approach are promising particularly in therapeutic contexts with a more natural context and social flavor.Assistive robotic technology could teach social skills with both Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) approach to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with an acceptable efficiency and efficacy as human delivered therapies.The use of robotic technology as a means of delivering ABA or PRT interventions could offer a valuable alternative approach to human trainers in the treatment of children with ASD, potentially enhancing their acceptance and engagement with therapy.Assistive robotic technology could teach social skills with both Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) approach to children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with an acceptable efficiency and efficacy as human delivered therapies.The use of robotic technology as a means of delivering ABA or PRT interventions could offer a valuable alternative approach to human trainers in the treatment of children with ASD, potentially enhancing their acceptance and engagement with therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAssistive technology (AT) provides persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) ability to engage in daily activities, however acquiring AT can be challenging. Understanding current state of knowledge about perspectives and use of AT by PwMS may support critical thinking about AT acquisition process. The aim of this scoping review was to map what is known about AT use by PwMS, to identify gaps in knowledge to guide future research and practice for AT matching. A scoping review of qualitative research on perspectives and use of AT by PwMS searched four databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsychNet, and Engineering Village). Papers included focused on non-institutional settings, addressed participant’s feelings/perceptions/experiences, and were in English. Initial search October 2021, updated 2022 and 2023. Two reviewers conducted screening, review, and extraction, with a third resolving disagreements. Data extraction guided by the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement, categorised AT use by productivity, self-care, and/or leisure occupations. Covidence® was used for extraction. Findings were exported into a spreadsheet to facilitate thematic analysis. Search identified 22 peer-reviewed journals and 11 consumer publications (n = 33). Most common AT was mobility devices. Primary purposes were self-care and leisure. Common use included functional mobility, transportation, personal care, household management, recreation, and socialisation. Perceptions focused on AT need, adjusting to AT, influencing factors, performance and engagement improvements, and seeking acquisition advice. Lack of research on experiences and use of AT beyond mobility equipment, and for engagement of daily activities. Evidence provides some insights for future directions and implications to support AT acquisition for PwMS.Persons with Multiple Sclerosis use a range of assistive technologies to enable them to engage in daily life activities categorised by leisure, self-care, and productivity.Perceptions focused on their need for assistive technologies, adjusting or change experienced due to assistive technologies, experience with influential factors (funding, environment), and seeking advice.Lack of current qualitative evidence on assistive technology use by persons with Multiple Sclerosis, specifically on devices such as dictus band, raised toilet, walking poles, reminder systems and calendars, grabber, adjustable bed, virtual and voice activated assistants, tub transfer board, and home modifications for use by persons with Multiple Sclerosis.Persons with Multiple Sclerosis use a range of assistive technologies to enable them to engage in daily life activities categorised by leisure, self-care, and productivity.Perceptions focused on their need for assistive technologies, adjusting or change experienced due to assistive technologies, experience with influential factors (funding, environment), and seeking advice.Lack of current qualitative evidence on assistive technology use by persons with Multiple Sclerosis, specifically on devices such as dictus band, raised toilet, walking poles, reminder systems and calendars, grabber, adjustable bed, virtual and voice activated assistants, tub transfer board, and home modifications for use by persons with Multiple Sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIndividuals with disabilities face psychological, environmental, and resource-related barriers to participating in exercise and sports. The lack of participation in exercise observed in the disability community poses great concern to this population’s health. This review discusses commercially available adaptive equipment and technology for exercise and sports that help people with disabilities circumvent barriers to exercise. The methods section highlights various categories of adaptive tools and their cost, accessibility, ease of learning, and progress level to help people with disabilities determine points of entry to fitness that align with their needs. Additionally, fitness-related businesses, fitness device developers, and researchers can leverage the discussed findings to understand gaps in this field to further advance adaptive equipment and technology and help facilitate widespread use. The paper serves as a comprehensive resource to researchers, entrepreneurs, and consumers to guide developing, accessing, and marketing adaptive exercise technology.A majority of people with disabilities experience barriers to participating in exercise and sports which can drastically affect their physical and mental well-being.Although there are commercially available adaptive equipment and technologies for exercise and sports, limited accessibility, cost, and lack of options for various disabilities can hinder participation in physical activities.There are many developments needed in terms of technology and programs that can address issues faced by the disability community regarding exercise and sports participation.A majority of people with disabilities experience barriers to participating in exercise and sports which can drastically affect their physical and mental well-being.Although there are commercially available adaptive equipment and technologies for exercise and sports, limited accessibility, cost, and lack of options for various disabilities can hinder participation in physical activities.There are many developments needed in terms of technology and programs that can address issues faced by the disability community regarding exercise and sports participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo conduct a systematic review on the impacts of using mechanical assistive devices on function, performance in activities and participation of persons with upper extremity impairments, and to synthesize the strengths and limitations of these devices.Three independent reviewers conducted systematic searches of articles published between 2003 and 2023 in Compendex, Inspec, Embase, PubMed/Medline, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science, as well as manual searches on the RESNA website for conference papers over the same period. The methodological quality of articles was appraised using the QualSyst tool.From the 34 retained studies, 28 mechanical devices were identified and classified into two categories: (1) mobile arm supports (MASs) designed to perform multiple activities, and (2) devices used to assist with a specific activity of daily living (ADL). Overall, MASs helped users to perform manual activities in elevation and/or against gravity. Specific ADL devices allowed users to perform unique activities requiring fine motor skills such as opening a medicine container. Some of these devices have advantages like portability, adaptability, low cost, and ease of use. Limitations most often reported included interference or mobility restraints.This review synthesizes the impacts of mechanical devices on the three domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for individuals with upper extremity impairments. Impacts regarding function and performance in activities were more often measured than participation. Future studies should include outcomes related to participation, as taking this aspect into account might favor successful continued use of assistive devices.Mechanical mobile arm supports can compensate for upper extremity muscle weakness and help users to perform diverse activities against gravity, including self-care, productivity and leisure activities.Mechanical assistive devices designed for specific activities of daily living (ADLs) can increase users’ ability to perform activities requiring manual dexterity and fine motor skills, such as eating, handwriting, performing personal care or playing a musical instrument.Portability, adaptability, low cost, and ease of use are most often reported as strengths of specific ADL devices, while interference and mobility restrictions are aspects that still need to be reduced with respect to mechanical mobile arm supports.Mechanical mobile arm supports can compensate for upper extremity muscle weakness and help users to perform diverse activities against gravity, including self-care, productivity and leisure activities.Mechanical assistive devices designed for specific activities of daily living (ADLs) can increase users’ ability to perform activities requiring manual dexterity and fine motor skills, such as eating, handwriting, performing personal care or playing a musical instrument.Portability, adaptability, low cost, and ease of use are most often reported as strengths of specific ADL devices, while interference and mobility restrictions are aspects that still need to be reduced with respect to mechanical mobile arm supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractContextMethodResultsDiscussion\nIMPLICATION FOR REHABILITATIONAssistive technologies have been identified by researchers and public policies of the Western world to be promising tools to face the challenge of maintaining quality of life of older people, and especially for nursing home habitants. Independence, autonomy, and participation are major determinants of quality of life of nursing homes habitants. Maintaining quality of life is nowadays a priority for public health policies and institutions of the where the population is growing older every year.This PRISMA-ScR review aims to determine which assistive technologies are used to promote autonomy, independence, and social participation of nursing home habitants. An electronic search was conducted for English, French articles to identify research studies using CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Googlescholar.12 papers published between 2009 and 2023 described 6 assistive technologies: technologies integrated into the environment, monitoring technologies, surveillance technologies, information and communication technology, social assistance robots, virtual reality. Six types of AT are currently used worldwide to maintain autonomy, independence and participation of people living in nursing homes. Their use is mainly perceived as positive by habitants, care and non-care staff, next of kin, and experts despite some concerns regarding ethical, financial, consideration.Nevertheless, their impact on habitant’s autonomy, independence and participation still needs to be measured using suitable tools to understand their real impact on the quality of life of the elderly. Autonomy is a determinant of Quality of life of nursing home habitants that is well identified by habitants, professionals, relatives and public health policies as a major challenge that can be supported by assistive technology (AT).Various technologies are used for which it is assumed that they have an impact on the user autonomy in the context of nursing home. Nevertheless, their impact on habitant’s autonomy, independence and participation is not clear yet because the concepts are not precisely defined leading to a difficulty to assess the phenomenon. It is still needed to define and measure AT impact on autonomy, independence, and participation by using suitable tools that will help to understand their real impact on the elderly’s’ quality of life.There is a lack of knowledge regarding AT effectiveness is lacking in the context of nursing home but in the context of aging in general. Strong methodologies with mixed-method approaches might be relevant to address this gap of knowledge, particularly on elderly level of autonomy, independence of participation.Determinants of AT acceptability by all users (habitants themselves, relatives, care and non-care staff) are largely explored, revealing 3 categories: 1-General principles that can be considered by developers and institution while developing, choosing and deploying AT (affordability, ethical consideration, social Justice); 2-Characteristics that has to be considered during AT conception regarding suitable design and technical reliability (no bugs, failure); 3- Individual anticipated implementation principles taking in account 4 main elements: Considering individual relationship with AT; A space for exchange on representations and fears around AT; Support to learn how to use AT; and Perceived effectiveness of AT.Regarding the complexity of AT acceptation in the context of nursing homes, it seems essential to use collaborative approaches to design and develop AT, bringing diverse stakeholders together who have the same goal: maintaining quality of life of nursing home habitants.Autonomy is a determinant of Quality of life of nursing home habitants that is well identified by habitants, professionals, relatives and public health policies as a major challenge that can be supported by assistive technology (AT).Various technologies are used for which it is assumed that they have an impact on the user autonomy in the context of nursing home. Nevertheless, their impact on habitant’s autonomy, independence and participation is not clear yet because the concepts are not precisely defined leading to a difficulty to assess the phenomenon. It is still needed to define and measure AT impact on autonomy, independence, and participation by using suitable tools that will help to understand their real impact on the elderly’s’ quality of life.There is a lack of knowledge regarding AT effectiveness is lacking in the context of nursing home but in the context of aging in general. Strong methodologies with mixed-method approaches might be relevant to address this gap of knowledge, particularly on elderly level of autonomy, independence of participation.Determinants of AT acceptability by all users (habitants themselves, relatives, care and non-care staff) are largely explored, revealing 3 categories: 1-General principles that can be considered by developers and institution while developing, choosing and deploying AT (affordability, ethical consideration, social Justice); 2-Characteristics that has to be considered during AT conception regarding suitable design and technical reliability (no bugs, failure); 3- Individual anticipated implementation principles taking in account 4 main elements: Considering individual relationship with AT; A space for exchange on representations and fears around AT; Support to learn how to use AT; and Perceived effectiveness of AT.Regarding the complexity of AT acceptation in the context of nursing homes, it seems essential to use collaborative approaches to design and develop AT, bringing diverse stakeholders together who have the same goal: maintaining quality of life of nursing home habitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusions\nSupporting the relational worlds of people living with dementia, especially the spousal dyad, is a growing focus in dementia care as is advancing the therapeutic use of music in dementia care. This paper describes a mixed-methods, multi-phase, iterative research study designed to develop the Music Memory Makers (MMM) Duet System, a novel therapeutic music technology, that allows non-musicians to play a personalized repertoire of songs arranged as duets.Following a pilot phase to iteratively assess and refine the MMM Duet System for recreational and therapeutic purposes, multiple sources of data were used to investigate five older spousal dyads’ experiences with the system, two couples living with dementia and three who were not. We assessed perceptions of task difficulty, joint agency, and enjoyment as well as therapeutic benefits associated with enhancing the spousal relationship and sense of couplehood.Findings suggest playing meaningful songs together is an enjoyable interactive activity that prompts musical reminiscence, involves joint agency, and supports relationship continuity within a relational, positive approach to dementia care. All couples mastered the task, none evaluated it as “very challenging,” and positive couple interactions were evoked, commonly before and after playing the duets.The MMM Duet System is recommended for further research and development as an innovative way to support couples living with dementia with commercial implications, and as a new music technology suitable for use as a research tool.Music making is an engaging, rewarding activity promoting social bonding and wellbeing that with technology innovation, can be extended to non-musicians and people with differing skills, abilities, and preferences.The MMM Duet System is a promising new music technology that supports the relationship of people living with dementia and their spousal caregivers by encouraging relationship continuity and sense of couplehood. Supporting caregivers enables people with dementia to remain longer in their homes and communities.Practical suggestions are offered to develop music technology suitable for use by older adults and people living with dementia, e.g., involving participants who live with dementia, assembling interdisciplinary research teams, adopting iterative, participant-focused approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, typing is considered as one of the highly important aspects of accessibility that the visually impaired and blinds struggle with the most as existing virtual keyboards are complex and slow. This paper proposes a new text entry method named SwingBoard for visually impaired and blind smartphone users to solve their accessibility problem. It supports a–z, 0–9, 7 punctuations, 12 symbols, and eight keyboard functionalities that are arranged in 8 zones (specific range of angles), four segments, two modes, and different gestures. The proposed keyboard is suitable for the either single-handed or both-handed operation that tracks swipe angle and length to trigger any of the 66 key events. The key triggering process is based on only swiping the finger at different angles with different lengths. Typing speed of SwingBoard is increased by including some effective features such as the quick alphabet and number mode shifting, haptic feedback feature, talkback on swipe to learn the map quickly, and customizable swipe length feature. At the end of 150 one-minute tests, seven blind participants reached an average of 19.89 words per minute (WPM) with an 88% accuracy rate which is one of the fastest-ever recorded average typing speeds for the blind. Almost all users found SwingBoard effective, easy to learn and want to keep using it. SwingBoard is a handy virtual keyboard for visually impaired people with amazing typing speed and accuracy. Rehabilitation would be easier for a visually impaired/disabled person who can adapt the current technology-oriented world and use communication tools easily. As visually impaired and blind people faced a lot of problems in their regular life because of their inability to see things, coping with the evolving world's demands from a person to do a certain task using smart devices would be easier for them with the proposed virtual keyboard topology. As the number of visually impaired and blind users of smartphones rises, faster typing becomes a vital aspect of the smartphone experience. Deaf-blind communities are expanding but solutions for them are not increasing at the same pace because of the limitation of implication. Research on a virtual keyboard with the proposed eyes-free swipe-based typing operation and ears-free reliability on haptic feedback would enable others to create new solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual impairment-related disabilities have become increasingly pervasive. Current reports estimate a total of 36 million persons with blindness and 217 million persons with moderate to severe visual impairment worldwide. Assistive technologies (AT), including text-to-speech software, navigational/spatial guides, and object recognition tools have the capacity to improve the lives of people with blindness and low vision. However, access to such AT is constrained by high costs and implementation barriers. More recently, expansive growth in mobile computing has enabled many technologies to be translated into mobile applications. As a result, a marketplace of accessibility apps has become available, yet no framework exists to facilitate navigation of this voluminous space. We developed the BLV (Blind and Low Vision) App Arcade: a fun, engaging, and searchable curated repository of app AT broken down into 11 categories spanning a wide variety of themes from entertainment to navigation. Additionally, a standardized evaluation metric was formalized to assess each app in five key dimensions: reputability, privacy, data sharing, effectiveness, and ease of use/accessibility. In this paper, we describe the methodological approaches, considerations, and metrics used to find, store and score mobile applications. The development of a comprehensive and standardized database of apps with a scoring rubric has the potential to increase access to reputable tools for the visually impaired community, especially for those in low- and middle-income demographics, who may have access to mobile devices but otherwise have limited access to more expensive technologies or services. A wide array of assistive mobile applications now serve as low cost, convenient, and effective alternatives to standard tools in the rehabilitation domain. Given an extensive (and growing) marketplace of assistive apps, we highlight the importance of developing standardized evaluation frameworks that serve to assess the merit, functionality, and accessibility of tools in respective rehabilitation fields. To provide an introduction to a novel resource accessible to the public to exhibit verified and reliable assistive apps for the visually impaired community, especially for those in low- and middle-income demographics who may not have access to common technologies and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the usability, usefulness and user experience of the Forward with Dementia website for people with dementia and family carers, and identifies strategies to improve web design for this population. The website was iteratively user-tested by 12 participants (five people with dementia, seven carers) using the Zoom platform. Data collection involved observations, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Integrative mixed-method data analysis was used, informed by inductive thematic qualitative analysis. Users of Version 1 of the website experienced web functionality, navigation and legibility issues. Strategies for desirable web design were identified as simplifying functions, streamlining navigation and decluttering page layouts. Implementation of strategies produced improvements in usability, user experience and usefulness in Version 2, with mean System Usability Scale scores improving from 15 to 84, and mean task completion improving from 55% to 89%. The user journey for people with dementia and carers overlapped, but each group had their own unique needs in the context of web design. The interplay between a website's content, functionality, navigation and legibility can profoundly influence user perceptions of a website. Dementia-related websites play an important role in informing audiences of management strategies, service availability and planning for the progression of dementia. Findings of this study may assist in guiding future web development targeting this population. People with cognitive impairment can provide useful feedback on design and accessibility of websites, and their input should be obtained when developing digital applications for this group. This paper provides practical suggestions for website design features to improve function, legibility and navigation of websites for older people and people living with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation robots with intent recognition are helping people with dysfunction to enjoy better lives. Many rehabilitation robots with intent recognition have been developed by academic institutions and commercial companies. However, there is no systematic summary about the application of intent recognition in the field of rehabilitation robots. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the application of intent recognition in rehabilitation robots, analyze the current status of their research, and provide cutting-edge research directions for colleagues. Literature searches were conducted on Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Medline. Search terms included "rehabilitation robot", "intent recognition", "exoskeleton", "prosthesis", "surface electromyography (sEMG)" and "electroencephalogram (EEG)". References listed in relevant literature were further screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this field, most studies have recognized movement intent by kinematic, sEMG, and EEG signals. However, in practical studies, the development of intent recognition in rehabilitation robots is limited by the hysteresis of kinematic signals and the weak anti-interference ability of sEMG and EEG signals. Intent recognition has achieved a lot in the field of rehabilitation robotics but the key factors limiting its development are still timeliness and accuracy. In the future, intent recognition strategy with multi-sensor information fusion may be a good solution. As a technology, intent recognition can become a part of rehabilitation, assist patients to complete daily life activities, and improve their quality of life. Rehabilitation training equipment for treatment usually adopts a relatively stable prediction method, which aims to stimulate the enthusiasm of users to participate in training. Functionally enhanced rehabilitation aids have high requirements for the timeliness of movement intent recognition, and its purpose is to assist patients to complete activities of daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with physical disabilities often require lifetime support and experience challenges to maintain or (re)define their level of independence. Assistive living technologies (ALT) are promising to increase independent living and execution of activities of daily living (ADL). This paper provides a systematic literature review that aims to analyse the present state of the literature about the impact of ALT on perceived independence of people with a physical disability receiving long-term care. Databases Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies from 2010 or later. Nine studies were included, of which seven qualitative, one quantitative, and one mixed methods. Quality was generally high. ALT enabled participants to execute ADL. We found six themes for the impact of ALT on perceived independence: feeling enabled, choice and control, feeling secure, time alone, feeling less needy, and participation. ALT appears to impact perceived independence in many ways, exceeding merely the executional aspect of independence. Existing research is limited and quite one-sided. More large-scale studies are needed in order to inform care organisations how to implement ALT, especially considering societal developments and challenges impacting long-term care. People with a physical disability receiving long-term care experience that assistive living technology impacted their independence. Their independence is increased by making them feel enabled, secure, and less needy and increasing their choice and control, time alone, and participation. Most studies focused on the use of environmental control systems by people with spinal cord injury. More research is needed to evaluate long-term effects of diverse assistive living technologies used by people with a physical disability receiving long-term care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST). Searches were conducted in August 2021 on four electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible papers included cross-sectional validation studies evaluating the psychometric properties of all QUEST versions. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and comparison tools were reported. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review. Results showed that the QUEST and QUEST 2.0 were available in 10 languages, and most validation studies analysed this tool in patients using mobility devices in various clinical conditions. One article analysed the child version (QUEST 2.1) in English. The most analysed psychometric property was Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency in 14 out of 19 studies, with values ranging between 0.74 and 0.79. Overall, 17 out of 19 studies were of adequate quality, though responsiveness was never studied. Our systematic review showed that the QUEST and its subsequent versions are reliable and valid measurement instruments to evaluate satisfaction in patients with different disabilities using various assistive technologies. This study provides useful information on the instrument's psychometric properties in different populations and cultures. This systematic review verify the appropriateness of the "Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology" (QUEST), as a measure of satisfaction; This systematic review allow clinicians to keep up to date with new versions of the tool, new countries of validation and population in which it can be used. This study supports clinicians in making informed decisions when choosing assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe non-participation during the outcome measurement step of the wheeled mobility service delivery process (WMSDP) based on the Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA)-Uniform Dataset (UDS) Registry. The WMSDP is a standard framework for the provision of wheeled mobility devices, and several factors influence the client's experience throughout the process. Patient-reported outcomes are one way to measure the client's experience as part of a quality improvement program. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on the FMA-UDS Registry to measure the response rate during the outcome measurement step of the WMSDP and describe the reasons an individual did not complete the FMA-UDS. The FMA-UDS was examined at two time points: pre-delivery and post-delivery of the wheeled mobility device. As of September 2, 2021, 10,253 cases have been entered into the FMA-UDS Registry. 2,247 cases were no longer participating pre-delivery, and an additional 3,905 cases were no longer participating post-delivery. The most common reasons for non-participation in the FMA-UDS pre-delivery and post-delivery included: equipment not delivered; provider no longer participating in the FMA-UDS; funding issues; no new equipment; client opted out; loss in contact; deceased; returned equipment; and other. The type and frequency of non-participation in the outcome measurement step of the WMSDP is critical to understanding why individuals participate in outcome measures and provides insight into the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of quality improvement programs. The outcome measurement system provides a structured mechanism for consistent communication between the client and the professionals providing the service, thereby identifying issues earlier in the process and mitigating frustration throughout the wheeled mobility service delivery process. The role of a credentialed professional, specifically an Assistive Technology Professional, in the wheeled mobility service delivery process could emphasize the importance of the follow-up and outcome measurement steps, which may increase the consumers' participation rate and demonstrate the effectiveness of devices and services. Clients who no longer participate in the outcome measurement process do not have the sustained support of the interprofessional team, and possess an increased chance that they will not get their mobility needs met through the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify and describe the aims, methodological approaches, and major findings of studies on the use of STT among secondary pupils (age 12–18) with learning difficulties published from January 2000 to April 2022. This scoping review includes empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature between January 2000 and April 2022. Searches were conducted in April 2022 in three databases: ERIC, PsycINFO and Scopus. In addition, related reviews were manually screened for relevant papers. Eight peer-revied studies and five publications of grey literature were found to meet the inclusion criteria; two studies employed experimental designs, four employed quasi-experimental designs and seven employed explorative designs. Six studies described STT as an assistive technology (a compensatory aid for poor writing performance); two assessed STT as an instructional technology to determine whether it improves overall writing and related skills (e.g., reading). Results suggest that STT may increase pupils' abilities to produce texts with fewer errors, provide help with spelling and improve reading comprehension and word recognition. To date, there is a paucity of high-quality research on the use of STT among adolescents with LD. The scoping review shows that very little research has been conducted on the use of STT for adolescents with learning difficulties in secondary education. Findings from the studies identified five areas of interest: writing related skills, text assessment, writing processes, accuracy of the technology, and participants' experiences. Findings indicate that writing performance among students with learning difficulties improves when using STT. Parents, teachers, and pupils report positive experiences with the technology, particularly for students with severe reading and writing difficulties. There is a great need for more robust research on the use of speech-to-text technology (STT) in educational settings, especially on its effect on writing skills Studies describe STT as either an assistive (a compensatory aid for poor writing performance) or instructional technology (aiming to improve learning in general). It is important that practitioners are aware of the different aims and possible consequences of introducing STT to learners with writing difficulties. STT provides both opportunities and challenges for writers with learning difficulties in secondary education. Findings indicate that writing performance among students with learning difficulties improves when using STT, yet inaccuracy of the technology was presented as one of the main challenges. Parents, teachers, and pupils report positive experiences with the technology, particularly for students with severe reading and writing difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia is a global health challenge, and people living with dementia (PLWD) are especially susceptible to reduced engagement in meaningful occupations, including social participation. In the past few decades, socially assistive technologies continue to be developed amidst a rapidly evolving technological landscape to support the social health of PLWD and their caregivers. Examples include social robots, virtual reality, smart home technology, and various digital technologies, such as mobile applications for tablets and smartphones. Despite an increasing body of research and interest in this field, several gaps relating to the design and implementation process of socially assistive technologies continue to undermine their relevance for PLWD in daily life. In this paper, some of these gaps are highlighted and the role of occupational therapy in the design and implementation of socially assistive technology is presented. In the design process, occupational therapists are uniquely skilled to advise and advocate for the tailoring and personalisation of technology to address the occupational needs of PLWD. In the implementation of socially assistive technologies, occupational therapists are skilled to educate, train, and conduct ongoing evaluations with PLWD and their caregivers, to incorporate socially assistive technologies into their routine and daily lives. We recommend that occupational therapists should continue to be acquainted with such technologies through continuous professional development and educational curricula. Moreover, we highlight the necessary collaboration between occupational therapists, technology developers, and researchers to enhance the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology, so that their relevance for PLWD and their caregivers can be maximised. Developers and designers of socially assistive technology should consider the disease trajectory of different types of dementia, as well as the different needs, abilities, preferences, occupations and routines of people living with dementia (PLWD) and/or their caregivers. Collaborations between technology developers, researchers, and occupational therapists should take place iteratively throughout the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology to maximise their relevance and applicability for people living with dementia and their caregivers. To continue enhancing the current role of occupational therapy in socially assistive technology provision, occupational therapists should keep up to date with socially assistive technology that are being developed to support the social health of PLWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are about 2.2 billion people with visual impairment all over the world. In order to improve the quality of life for visually impaired people, various devices have been developed that support the users to make them capable of performing everyday work. There have been considerable advancements in the development of assistive devices over the last few decades. This work aims to review the research work of past decade to explore the technologies used in the assistive devices for the mobility of the people with visual impairment. It focuses on range sensors based (RSB) solutions and to present a comprehensive comparison for researchers to improve the quality of the assistive devices. In order to improve life quality of about 2.2 billion people with visual impairment in the world, various assistive devices have been developed. This work aims to review the research work of past decade to explore the technologies used in the assistive devices for the mobility of the people with visual impairment. It focuses on RSB solutions and their comparison. Various devices developed or the people with visual impairment, in last decade are described along with their workings. Authors also introduced, their own, newly developed assistive device for the people with visual impairment. The feedback from the people with visual impairment, about assistive technology, is also included in the paper. This study will benefit researchers developing assistive devices to help for the mobility of the people with visual impairment. Through user feedback and evaluation of the assistive devices, the authors have come to the conclusion that performance, weight and cost of the assistive devices are always important considerations to make the assistive devices more popular among their users. Although assistive device cannot rehabilitate a visually impaired person, range sensor-based assistive device may have following implications: •Use of assistive device is growing, and performance, weight and cost of assistive devices are always important considerations so that proposed technology solution should widely be accepted and adopted by the visually impaired people. •The adaptability and acceptability of an assistive device by the visually impaired people must be considered during design phase. •Proposed assistive technological solutions should meet all the needed functions. •Performance of these devices should be assessed in application context so that these devices may help the visually impaired to perform their tasks independently. •At the end, a new light weight and low-cost device developed by authors, is also given, that could be used to assist the visually impaired people to move independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assistive technologies (ATs) promote participation and inclusion in society, and support access to health, social services, education, work and other important life experiences for persons with disabilities, older people and those with chronic conditions. The Global Report on Assistive Technology, launched in May 2022 by WHO and UNICEF, calls for concrete actions to improve access to AT globally, and recognizes AT as both a means to, and an end itself, in the achievement of rights of persons with disabilities. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD, 2006) is the most widely ratified human rights convention, affirming the right to participation in society on an equal basis with others. In this paper, we highlight examples of how AT may play a role in realizing each of the fundamental rights affirmed in the UNCRPD. We conducted an indicative literature search for relevant literature to each of the substantive articles of the CRPD. Assistive technology plays a critical role in achieving the rights affirmed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Ensuring adequate provision of AT by states parties is critical to the progressive realization of the rights of persons with disabilities and to fulfilling commitments made by states parties upon ratification of the CRPD. Assistive technology (AT) is critical to enable full participation of persons with disability in society and the achievement of rights affirmed by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Governments and other key stakeholders should endeavour to improve access to AT through inclusive, evidence-informed programs and services. Advocacy is required to improve access to AT through universal health coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age associated cognitive impairments (CIs) result in difficulties with a wide range of daily activities. As the older adult population increases, so does the importance of understanding and supporting the needs and disabilities of those with CIs. The Enhancing Neurocognitive Health, Abilities, Networks, and Community Engagement (ENHANCE) Centre was established with a focus on developing assistive technology to support the socialisation, transportation, and prospective memory needs of older adults with CIs. The extent to which relevant literature in these domains existed was unknown. A scoping review identified existing research meeting the following criteria: participants aged 50+ years classified as having a CI due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or stroke; and a focus on technology-based support for socialisation, transportation, and/or prospective memory activities. Qualitative and quantitative data are reported from relevant studies. In addition to few studies available, it was common for studies to include 20 or fewer participants. Most assessed technology interactions at one time and few studies examined longitudinal use and benefit. While each paper examined one aspect of user-centred design, no technologies were reported that underwent all stages of the user-centred design process, from needs assessment to iterative design and usability testing, to efficacy trial. Gaps highlight notable directions for future research and the important role ENHANCE can play in addressing the needs and disabilities of older adults with CIs. Although older adults with common cognitive impairments often experience challenges in the domains of socialisation, transportation, and/or prospective memory, few studies exist that examine assistive technology solutions in these domains. Additional research with more robust designs and larger sample sizes is needed to discover and assess assistive technology solutions for the needs and disabilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The ENHANCE Centre will employ a systematic process of needs assessments, user testing, and efficacy tests to develop novel technology solutions to support the needs of older adults with common cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper critically reviews and reflects on the processes for providing Assistive Technology (AT) services to Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The aim is to investigate the AT service delivery systems in these countries and suggest improvements where weaknesses are identified. We carried out a descriptive qualitative exploratory study in Bangladesh, India and Nepal by conducting key informant interviews with policymakers (5), AT service providers (22) and mobility and hearing related AT service users (21). We used a directed content analysis approach guided by a seven-point AT service delivery process model to thematically analyse the existing processes for AT service delivery, from first contact through to follow-up and maintenance. AT service delivery processes are sub-optimal in all three countries, and improvements are needed. No common AT service delivery process was found, although there are common features. In general, it is easier for PWDs in India and Nepal to access AT than for those in Bangladesh, but all three countries are failing to live up to their commitments to uphold the human rights of PWDs. Although good elements of AT service delivery processes can be identified, the systems in all three countries are fragmented and generally weak. A more holistic approach of looking at the process of AT service delivery, from first contact right through to follow-up and device maintenance, with a single door service delivery system, free of cost at the point of service is recommended in these countries. Although we found significant weaknesses in AT delivery in all three countries, there are some good AT service delivery practices and opportunities for these countries to learn from one another. A systematic and stepwise approach to assessing current AT service delivery processes in the three countries – examining the delivery system as a whole, from initiation to repair and management – can help identify opportunities to improve the process for (prospective) AT users. A more coherent single door system of AT service delivery will increase the quality and efficiency of the fragmented AT service delivery practices in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerable children refer to the special group of children with deviation in the process of children's psychological development and personality formation due to growth dilemmas. This may incur a series of serious social and family problems. The vulnerable children mainly cover the children suffering from children's psychological problems, such as childhood autism, autism, social anxiety and hypersensitivity, fear, depression, and PTSD arising from other factors. At present, the research results at home and abroad mainly focus on the psychological dynamic correlation investigation and solution discussion of a certain kind of difficult factor in the children's psychological development based on statistical data by the experimental methods, such as scale and model, and there is a blind spot in the humanistic orientation theory construction of psychological treatment for vulnerable children, causing the social reflection on children's psychological predicament from the humanistic perspective cannot be performed in related researches and going against searching for universal and integral theoretical paradigm for solving related problems. Sophisticated technologies for the observations have emerged increasingly for enabling the psychological features of vulnerable children through developmental cognitive neuroscience experiments. This paper introduces humanistic art therapy theory, focuses on the construction of a theoretical paradigm, and verifies its effectiveness based on the experimental results on the psychological development of vulnerable children, with an efficient performance. This study mainly refers to children with difficulty in social inclusion and psychological development. The results showed that two kinds of art therapy can obviously improve the psychological disorders of vulnerable children. The goal was to enhance self-cognition, strengthen emotional interaction, and implement positive motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor speech and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions are commonly used with children with cerebral palsy (CP) but there is limited literature comparing the effectiveness of these interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intensive AAC, Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment (ReST), and blended intervention, a combination of motor-speech and AAC, on speech accuracy and sentence length and complexity. A single case experimental design across participants with repeated measurements across phases (ABACADA design) was used. Four participants aged 8–14 years with CP who used a speech-generating device (SGD) received three 6-week intervention blocks that included ReST, AAC, and blended intervention. Measures were taken during intervention and baseline phases and at maintenance two and four weeks after the last intervention phase. Participants were randomized to starting with either ReST or AAC with the blended intervention delivered last. All participants improved their speech accuracy and sentence length and complexity in speech and with their SGD in all three interventions. The data demonstrated overall immediacy of the effect with all interventions and retention of gains across the whole sequence of phases. The order of AAC or ReST interventions or the severity of CP did not impact the intervention gains. This study suggests that intensive AAC, a multi-modal approach, and ReST improve speech accuracy and sentence length and complexity in children with moderate CP, but all require further investigation. In this paper intensive AAC intervention with a speech generating device (SGD), ReST treatment and multimodal blended intervention were effective in improving speech accuracy and sentence length and complexity in both verbal speech and on communication with the SGD. ReST treatment has not been used with children with CP before. This study established a proof of concept for its effectiveness in children with CP. Further research is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]