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Indus River is one of the largest river basins in the world and is a lifeline for regional economies. Owing to its essential economic value and potential, the sharing of Indus river water remained a chronic source of disputes between its users for decade. In 1947 after the partition of British India was the prelude for the water dispute between newly created India and Pakistan. It was finally mediated by the World Bank through the instrument of Indus Water Treaty in 1960. The enactment of the Indus Water Treaty brought peace and benefited two countries to expand their agriculture around areas of Indus River system. The paper analyzes the key issues and conciliation process, which led to the successful Treaty, its understanding, development in economies and political atmosphere the two countries. The paper also attempts to highlight the new issues and claims put forward by the shareholders of Indus Rivers system, which is the cause of new areas of concern. Lastly, the paper suggests ideas for resolving the dispute and relations viz-a-viz water in the light of past experience, knowledge and successful history of Indus Water Treaty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kashmir issue, a source of tension between Pakistan and India has numerous aspects and is termed by many an international dispute. The conflict not only hampered Indo-Pak relations but also precipitated regional instability. This is the reason that foreign policy of Pakistan since her inception remained India centric. Although both states share borders but never remain on same page when it comes to the viable solution of Kashmir dispute. Interests of Kashmiri population will have to be respected to make any decision long lasting. This paper by adopting narrative approach explains number of conflict management techniques to find any feasible solution but all efforts ended with the beginning of new conflict. With the indigenous freedom movement and India's massive military response, Kashmir dispute has entered a new phase. The paper finds that possible viable solution of Kashmir disputes is impeded by Indian stubborn and uncompromising attitude; therefore, mediation by third party is essential. The paper argues that any approach to settle this multifaceted conflict necessitates different but interconnected trajectories or unending interactions and negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Number of organizations have been established at international level to maintain peace and security of the world. FATF has been established to scrutinize and keep a check on money laundering and terror financing. The present study is focusing on, after being grey listed by FATF, what kind of constraints facing Pakistan internally and externally in coping the menace of terror financing and money laundering. The paper argues how both India and Pakistan are vying to materializing their objectives. According to Indian claims, Pakistan is still involved in cross border terrorist activities in India and for that reason Pakistan should be placed in black list. On the other side, Pakistan claims that she has made high level commitments to meet the standards of international organization. To translate these objectives into action number of state institutions are engaged to secure place in white list. The paper excavates that politicization of FATF is raising questions on the transparency and accountability of this organization. The paper finds that international lobbies in the form of US, India and Israel are working and have overwhelmed the organization, to even downgrade Pakistan into black list. It suggests that FATF needs to maintain equilibrium in the competing narratives of all the stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kashmir issue a bone of contention between India and Pakistan took a new dimension after August 05, 2019. The government of Bharatiya Janata Party led by Narendra Modi revoked article 370 and 35 A from Indian constitution. These articles provide special status to the people of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir. After the revocation of these articles, India would be in a position to change the demography of the Jammu Kashmir. Additionally, they will be ruled by complete Indian constitution. In response to this Indian act, UN Security Council held an emergency meeting. However, India was of the view that this is completely a bilateral issue in line with the Simla agreement. On the same grounds India has rejected the offer of mediation by the US President Donald Trump. India has now started calling this issue as internal and refused to enter into dialogue with Pakistan. This paper not only deeply examines the Simla Agreement but also analyzes the relevance of Simla Agreement after revocation of Article 370 and 35A. The paper argues that after more than 50 years of Simla Agreement, both India and Pakistan have failed to settle the dispute. The paper further argues that India is using Simla Agreement to refuse any international call for mediation. Even UN Security Council has to postpone its session when France called the issue as bilateral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research is meant to conduct conceptual and contextual evaluation of Hybrid Warfare (HW) by examining how weaponization of all EoNP by India makes Pakistan vulnerable to Hybrid war. The study is significant to understand the evolution of war with focus on the phenomenon of HW. The analysis of the impact of HW in diplomatic, economic, informational, social, military and law-fare domains, makes the research highly beneficial to policy makers and practitioners alike, especially in India and Pakistan. This study is conducted using qualitative research methodology, and literature has been extensively consulted, using secondary sources. The research concludes that categorization of HW as a new phenomenon or just rebranding of terminologies would remain a contested question. Therefore, a clear understanding needs to be built with regards to the understudied phenomenon of 'Hybridity' and its applicability to Pakistan-India context. Nevertheless, based on discernable criteria, this paper ascertains that HW is distinguishable because in this case adversaries achieve the same ends with modified ways and means, employing EoNP in a highly synchronized manner. Finally, a national response mechanism is proposed to prevent exploitation of own vulnerabilities, and the need for adaptation and awareness to counter the evolving threat. The paper also recommends strengthening of the trinity among masses, military and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]