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Current paper analyzes the southern frontier of the state of Pará and the northern territory of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, close to the river Turiaçu and assesses its importance for the displacement of people and goods during Portuguese colonial rule and in the post-1822 Independence years. The paper investigates the strategic and political relevance of the frontier for travel and transport, correspondence and transport of goods within the context of the Brazilian Indigenes, merchants and the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. The conflicts between inhabitants and settlers are highlighted in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper investigates the narratives of second year History students at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, in 2013, with regard to the discipline Theory and Methodology of History II. The issue proposed to students was: How would you construct a research work from a theoretical Marxist point? Students produced narratives and constructed material analyzed in current paper. Foregrounded on the points proposed by Historical Education to systematize a reflection on the analysis of students´ tactic ideas on their appropriation processes of theoretical reflection, we would approach the research work that intend to explain “the construction of History´s disciplinary code” (SCHMIDT, 2010, p. 251). Although our focus is different, it is very close. We lack research on the ways one understands History in higher courses that form future historians. From the methodology of Elliot Eisner (1998), we will employ the “qualitative investigation” that understands what students do and how their groups work with things taught through observations in the classroom and the materials produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the question about the history of present time and its relations with the concept of history in the early nineteenth century in Brazil. The starting point of the discussion is the article Memoria Historica e Documentada da Revolução da Provincia do Maranhão desde 1839 até 1840, published by Gonçalves de Magalhães an influential Brazilian history journal in 1848. The goal is to analyze the condition of the historian as a subject involved in his own time, the delimitation of history field, its methods and limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes how the territories of Xetá populations in the Serra dos Dourados in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were fragmented and commercialized by several administrations of the Paraná in mid-20th century. Current investigation does not focus on the reification of the history involving almost the total extinction of Xetá populations with in-depth but empty explanations such as the statements: "They were the victims of progress" or "they were exterminated due to the westernization of the agricultural frontier", or "they became extinct due to capitalist expansion" or "their land became an opportunity for high business". They did not remain passive in the wake of invasion and occupation of their lands. They knew that the invaders were arriving and acted against the occupation of their lands and their physical extinction. They investigated the strategies of the invaders and developed means to deal with them. They became historical subjects and not mere passive spectators. In fact, they survived extinction and refused to appear in the annals of history as an extinct people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents part of the results from a research that evaluated, through of issues from students' learning and opinions, the deployment of Brazilian Law 10.639/03. We present and analyze three questions, under the hypothesis that there a correlation between historical knowledge and decision-making in the present. The making of the research instrument and data analysis were based in the concepts of historical consciousness and narrative competence, formulated by Rüsen. The results allow us to conclude that the lack of knowledge about black history in Brazil's is partially associated with a history comprehension that rejects affirmative policies to black people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC/1995-2002) played a significant role in the consolidation of policies directed to the countryside and the agrarian reform process in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to reflect on the profile and stresses involved in agrarian reform policy of the FHC government, and the ramifications of this policy in light of the number of settled families and areas obtained for agrarian reform in Brazil. It was used as source texts of researchers who studied the ways and waywardness of the Brazilian agrarian reform and data from the "Fight for Land Database" (DATALUTA/NERA/Unesp/Presidente Prudente). It is understood that during the FHC government, despite the number of settled families and obtained areas have considerably advanced when compared to previous governments, agrarian reform was treated marginally, and the government sometimes denied the struggles and the leadership role of social movements in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and discusses original ideas defended by the Brazilian and critical thinker and art Mário Pedrosa in his books Option Imperialist and the Brazilian Option, launched in 1966 during the dictatorship, about the prospects for an economic planning of the country at odds with the market economy. To this end the article recalls the criticism of development economists in the 1960s, a brief presentation of the initial theoretical debates about the deployment of a planned economy in the USSR in the 1920s and the reforms implemented in the 1960s by the Soviet planned economy. The author examined defended the concrete possibilities and characteristics common to a higher synthesis between the great Soviet trusts and the big monopolies of the US economy. Under this basis, finally, Original Ideas proposals are submitted to what the author calls "transition economy" in Brazil, which should incorporate the development of a broad democratic process of building the priorities for future planned economy in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos was one of the protagonists in the debate on the possibility of religious freedom in 19th century Brazil. Current paper analyzes the book Cartas do Solitário and Bourdieu field concept to have an in-depth discussion on the issue and other questions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the textbook called Pequena História da Educação by Sisters Francisca Peeters and Augusta de Cooman (1936), which was widely used in Training Colleges in Brazil. The concept of History, Education and Childhood in the textbook are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes criminal court suits in which individuals were accused of murder perpetuated to solve personal conflicts. The social and cultural standards in the solution of conflicts are debated, coupled to the social norms that imbued and interfered in the judgments, within the limits of current research, or rather Brazilian society in mid-20th century. The doctrine of one of the main jurists in the country, analyzing the discrepancies in the 1940 Penal Code, is investigated, or rather, crimes against life and property. Events are investigated where the legitimation of the homicidal act occurred as from social conditions of the people involved and those with psychic and moral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to disclose part of the results of History's Field Institutional Program of Scholarship in Teaching Initiation (PIBID). The Project is being developed in four public schools from Regional Education Nucleo of Ivaiporã/PR, a town that has an State University of Maringá (UEM) campus. The study is another effort to analyze Pibid's contribution in formation of History grade's undergraduates, also brings the possibility to comprehend theoretical, politics and ideological grounding that is underlying in the legislation and in programmatic subjects in schools curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The killing of animals for human consumption in the early 19th century was done in a rudimentary form and without any government control. Concern on the rationalization and modernization of urban spaces started to take priority. A greater intervention of sanitary authorities within social dynamics implied in the revision of several aspects on the different moments of meat production, such as conditions for breeding and killing of animals in abattoirs, new requirements on the hygiene of abattoirs, the need for centralization and control by the municipal authorities for abattoirs, control of laborers in abattoirs and the gradual displacement of abattoirs far from urban space and from the sight of the population within ethical concerns on the death of animals. Current paper analyzes the initial phase of this transforming process of abattoirs taking as example the specific case of the municipal abattoir in Ponta Grossa PR Brazil in 1888. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper deals with the life of the singer and composer Ari Lobo and his professional trajectory is investigated as a popular and regional stance that developed within the Brazilian musical scenario of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Ari Lobo's life reveals the adjustment forms to the musical market established and experimented by singers who, in similar conditions, became successful as stars of the Brazilian regional songs. Ari Lobo and other singers and composers of the Brazilian northern and northeastern regions triggered a 'popular' version of the song which became characteristic of Brazilian music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper provides Marxist postulates (organization, conscience, experience) to analysis theories that would foreground notions of "ethnic scholar" and "ethnic agent" as alternatives for "ethnic leadership", seeking to make a connection with the terms "agent" and "mediator". It also tries to aggregate research on ethnicity-based social activity in southern Brazil. The essay triggers a discussion on ideas with regard to ethnic agent and ethnic scholar for Ethnical Studies since it collects theories on the issues under analysis through research and interpretations on ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper examines the relationships between history and memory in the Brazilian writer Antonio Olinto's A casa da água, from the point of view of historical investigation. Diaspora memories extracted from the plot are underscored. They demonstrate the Brazil-Africa flux and re-flux within the context of the post-Abolition period in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper problematizes labor relationships coupled with trade union practice of workers in the Trade Union of Metal Workers of Jundiaí, Várzea Paulista and Campo Limpo Paulista linked by labor contract with the firm ThyssenKrupp Metalúrgica Campo Limpo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1990 and 2012. Within the context of the reorganization of labor and production, the Program in the Participation of Results contributed towards the formation of a class culture committed with productivity and capitalist logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several meanings on the recent past, symbolized by the concepts ‘reconciliation’ and ‘revanchism’, were constructed during the transition period. The aim was to maintain control of the process by a sort of continuation of fear by comparing the Brazilian dictatorship to the Argentinean one which imprisoned the violators of human rights. Current paper presents some preliminary results of a still going investigation on memory and transmission of experience on the civil-military dictatorship and State terrorism in debates prior to the Amnesty Law and during the parliamentary works of the National Constitutional Assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper deals with the involvement of dissident military people of the Brazilian Armed Forces in guerilla movements against the military dictatorship. The militarism of organizations, as opposed to political negotiations, is investigated, based on processes filed in military courts and on interviews. Stalemates and the influence of military people with military training were the cause of tension and ruptures in armed opposition groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourses on the defense of democracy are recurrent in texts published by the Higher School of War (ESG) after the military coup. The ESG was one of the conspiratorial nuclei that produced the 1964 coup and trained civil and military agents who served the dictatorship. Current paper discusses the relationship between the ESG intellectuals and their concept of democracy. In fact, a well-elaborated restrictive concept of democracy was imbedded within the ESG discourse. The formula contains essential presuppositions assimilated by the integrating forces of the ESG through the defense of capitalist bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article analyzes the judgment of crimes against popular economy during the Brazilian military dictatorship. They were actually considered crimes against the homeland and transferred to the military justice. The paper also explains the political and economical context that displaced this type of crime to the military courts and the establishment of a repression network against these crimes throughout 1966. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes some documents produced by the Higher School of War, the main leadership formation center of the Brazilian dictatorial. They consisted of handbooks, reviews, books and reports published by its students, in small formation groups. It deals with the institution´s representations on gender relationships with special emphasis on models for males and females and the importance of their mobilization for the construction of a power project for an authoritarian state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper focuses on Brazil in the early 1960s as a period with intense social protagonism. Several institutions of the period, such as ISEB, UNE, CPC, UnB, Itamaraty, political parties, revealed Nationalism as the existence of a common denominator behind the social struggle of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article is foregrounded on the relevant trajectory of the press as an object of historiographic reflection, with special reference to its geographical expansion in Brazil between the late 19th century and the early 20th century. It was precisely during this period that there was a displacement from the great urban centers and reached far and remote spaces. The paper deals with recent studies on the press in the Amazon underscoring the need for transpositioning of an annoying historiographic silence on the experiences within small villages and towns in the Amazon mobilized by an expanding rubber economy and based on a strong migratory movement to the region´s rubber trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although World War II triggered a brief expectation for the establishment of world peace, the fear of new conflicts hovered on the international scene at the start of the so-called Cold War. Political, economical, diplomatic and ideological rives between the United States and the Soviet Union became commonplace. The capitalist and the socialist blocks were gradually established and the start of the conflict was a high theme in Brazilian journalism. O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Correio da Manhã and Jornal do Brasil exploited the theme by reports, editorials, articles, columns and charges. The analysis of this journalistic material on the initial skirmishes of the Cold War is central to this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper studies some historical aspects that involve the theft of a religious statue in Antonina PR Brazil in 1984. The statue of Senhor Bom Jesus do Saivá, brought from Portugal in the mid-18th century by Captain Manoel José Alves, mysteriously vanished from the high alter of the church where it had laid for almost 200 years. Revolt, commotion and reactions from the Solidarity members and the general public are the object of current analysis and critique. The development of several occurrences and the aftermath of this historical and police episode bring to the fore several issues in the religious and cultural heritage in Brazil, aspects on collective identity and the relationship of the community with its tangible and intangible goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants of British stock were among the people hailing from innumerous nationalities that flocked to the southern state of Paraná, Brazil, during the mid-19th century. Although a fact hardly mentioned in modern historiography, British immigration to Brazil was unsuccessful. Current paper deals with the British enterprise in Brazil and the reasons for its failure, with special reference to the life of Caroline Tamplin. The Tamplin family arrived in the then province of Paraná in 1868 and immediately settled in the Assunguy Colony. Caroline's husband died in 1874 but she remained in the colony for the next six years. In 1880 she and her two children moved to Curitiba where she published an advertisement in the newspaper Dezenove de Dezembro of April 1880 announcing that she was giving lessons in languages, painting and piano. Current research is foregrounded on her diary written between 1880 and 1882 and the memoirs of her grandson written in the 1950s. Other sources, such as the main newspaper of the period, correspondence and official reports, were compounded to the above documents. The theoretical presuppositions of Cultural History authors make one understand how an outsider widow established herself in the province's capital city and problematizes her writing on her experience as cultural practice and a strategy for the construction of identities. Manners of representation triggered by a concern for building one's good image may be perceived in her behavior. Reading Tamplin's diary and several articles in the newspapers of the period reveals daily life, modes of thinking and living of a section of society during the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper discusses how the historical analysis of regional development may be applied as research methodology to define the quantitative and qualitative tools in a historical approach. The literature on the evaluation of regional development, reports by public institutions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and IBGE and IPEA data were the tools employed for this investigation. The relevance of quantitative tools on the measurements of inter-regional differences and the need to use them was established, coupled to the qualitative tools for the definitions of activities that foreground regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper deals with traditional knowledge on blessings, cures and power to cure found in Palmeira PR Brazil and the region around the municipality. Blessings and their relationship with the sacred are correlated to the culture of communal land system peoples and to the history of mule transportation in southern Brazil. Oral history is the methodology employed to understand the cultural world of the communal land system peoples through Foucauldian genealogy for the analysis of cure and curing power discourses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common-land-system is characterized by the use of common land for animal breeding and grazing. Current paper is fine-tuned to the occurrences of grasshopper infestation and swine fever within the communal land system in the 1940s in the region of Irati PR Brazil. Investigation focuses on the practice and meanings of common land users appropriated by the above-mentioned occurrences since the latter tested the common land system and the survival and permanence of its users in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]