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This paper presents the question about the history of present time and its relations with the concept of history in the early nineteenth century in Brazil. The starting point of the discussion is the article Memoria Historica e Documentada da Revolução da Provincia do Maranhão desde 1839 até 1840, published by Gonçalves de Magalhães an influential Brazilian history journal in 1848. The goal is to analyze the condition of the historian as a subject involved in his own time, the delimitation of history field, its methods and limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes how the territories of Xetá populations in the Serra dos Dourados in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were fragmented and commercialized by several administrations of the Paraná in mid-20th century. Current investigation does not focus on the reification of the history involving almost the total extinction of Xetá populations with in-depth but empty explanations such as the statements: "They were the victims of progress" or "they were exterminated due to the westernization of the agricultural frontier", or "they became extinct due to capitalist expansion" or "their land became an opportunity for high business". They did not remain passive in the wake of invasion and occupation of their lands. They knew that the invaders were arriving and acted against the occupation of their lands and their physical extinction. They investigated the strategies of the invaders and developed means to deal with them. They became historical subjects and not mere passive spectators. In fact, they survived extinction and refused to appear in the annals of history as an extinct people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents part of the results from a research that evaluated, through of issues from students' learning and opinions, the deployment of Brazilian Law 10.639/03. We present and analyze three questions, under the hypothesis that there a correlation between historical knowledge and decision-making in the present. The making of the research instrument and data analysis were based in the concepts of historical consciousness and narrative competence, formulated by Rüsen. The results allow us to conclude that the lack of knowledge about black history in Brazil's is partially associated with a history comprehension that rejects affirmative policies to black people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC/1995-2002) played a significant role in the consolidation of policies directed to the countryside and the agrarian reform process in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to reflect on the profile and stresses involved in agrarian reform policy of the FHC government, and the ramifications of this policy in light of the number of settled families and areas obtained for agrarian reform in Brazil. It was used as source texts of researchers who studied the ways and waywardness of the Brazilian agrarian reform and data from the "Fight for Land Database" (DATALUTA/NERA/Unesp/Presidente Prudente). It is understood that during the FHC government, despite the number of settled families and obtained areas have considerably advanced when compared to previous governments, agrarian reform was treated marginally, and the government sometimes denied the struggles and the leadership role of social movements in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC/1995-2002) played a significant role in the consolidation of policies directed to the countryside and the agrarian reform process in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to reflect on the profile and stresses involved in agrarian reform policy of the FHC government, and the ramifications of this policy in light of the number of settled families and areas obtained for agrarian reform in Brazil. It was used as source texts of researchers who studied the ways and waywardness of the Brazilian agrarian reform and data from the "Fight for Land Database" (DATALUTA/NERA/Unesp/Presidente Prudente). It is understood that during the FHC government, despite the number of settled families and obtained areas have considerably advanced when compared to previous governments, agrarian reform was treated marginally, and the government sometimes denied the struggles and the leadership role of social movements in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and discusses original ideas defended by the Brazilian and critical thinker and art Mário Pedrosa in his books Option Imperialist and the Brazilian Option, launched in 1966 during the dictatorship, about the prospects for an economic planning of the country at odds with the market economy. To this end the article recalls the criticism of development economists in the 1960s, a brief presentation of the initial theoretical debates about the deployment of a planned economy in the USSR in the 1920s and the reforms implemented in the 1960s by the Soviet planned economy. The author examined defended the concrete possibilities and characteristics common to a higher synthesis between the great Soviet trusts and the big monopolies of the US economy. Under this basis, finally, Original Ideas proposals are submitted to what the author calls "transition economy" in Brazil, which should incorporate the development of a broad democratic process of building the priorities for future planned economy in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aureliano Cândido Tavares Bastos was one of the protagonists in the debate on the possibility of religious freedom in 19th century Brazil. Current paper analyzes the book Cartas do Solitário and Bourdieu field concept to have an in-depth discussion on the issue and other questions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the textbook called Pequena História da Educação by Sisters Francisca Peeters and Augusta de Cooman (1936), which was widely used in Training Colleges in Brazil. The concept of History, Education and Childhood in the textbook are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes criminal court suits in which individuals were accused of murder perpetuated to solve personal conflicts. The social and cultural standards in the solution of conflicts are debated, coupled to the social norms that imbued and interfered in the judgments, within the limits of current research, or rather Brazilian society in mid-20th century. The doctrine of one of the main jurists in the country, analyzing the discrepancies in the 1940 Penal Code, is investigated, or rather, crimes against life and property. Events are investigated where the legitimation of the homicidal act occurred as from social conditions of the people involved and those with psychic and moral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to disclose part of the results of History's Field Institutional Program of Scholarship in Teaching Initiation (PIBID). The Project is being developed in four public schools from Regional Education Nucleo of Ivaiporã/PR, a town that has an State University of Maringá (UEM) campus. The study is another effort to analyze Pibid's contribution in formation of History grade's undergraduates, also brings the possibility to comprehend theoretical, politics and ideological grounding that is underlying in the legislation and in programmatic subjects in schools curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The killing of animals for human consumption in the early 19th century was done in a rudimentary form and without any government control. Concern on the rationalization and modernization of urban spaces started to take priority. A greater intervention of sanitary authorities within social dynamics implied in the revision of several aspects on the different moments of meat production, such as conditions for breeding and killing of animals in abattoirs, new requirements on the hygiene of abattoirs, the need for centralization and control by the municipal authorities for abattoirs, control of laborers in abattoirs and the gradual displacement of abattoirs far from urban space and from the sight of the population within ethical concerns on the death of animals. Current paper analyzes the initial phase of this transforming process of abattoirs taking as example the specific case of the municipal abattoir in Ponta Grossa PR Brazil in 1888. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper deals with the life of the singer and composer Ari Lobo and his professional trajectory is investigated as a popular and regional stance that developed within the Brazilian musical scenario of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Ari Lobo's life reveals the adjustment forms to the musical market established and experimented by singers who, in similar conditions, became successful as stars of the Brazilian regional songs. Ari Lobo and other singers and composers of the Brazilian northern and northeastern regions triggered a 'popular' version of the song which became characteristic of Brazilian music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]