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Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the elbow mainly occurs in overhead athletes (OHAs). This narrative review aimed to comprehensively analyze the epidemiological data, etiological factors, clinical and imaging features, treatment options, and outcomes of OHAs with the diagnosis of elbow OCD. A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Individuals with elbow OCD were usually 10-17 years of age with incidence and prevalence varying between studies, depending on the sport activity of the patients. The etiology of OCD lesions is multifactorial, and the main causes are believed to be repetitive trauma, the biomechanical disproportion of the articular surfaces, poor capitellar vascular supply, and inflammatory and genetic factors. Athletes usually presented with elbow pain and mechanical symptoms. The mainstay for the diagnosis of elbow OCD is MRI. The treatment of elbow OCD lesions should be conservative in cases of stable lesions, while various types of surgical treatment are suggested in unstable lesions, depending mainly on the size and localization of the lesion. The awareness of medical practitioners and the timely diagnosis of OCD lesions in OHAs are key to favorable outcomes.

Pseudokidney sign (PKS) is a characteristic sonographic finding of an abnormal mass with a reniform appearance, and a hyperechoic central region surrounded by a hypoechoic area. It has been seldom documented in gastric cancer. A 75-year-old male patient presented with a palpable abdominal resistance in the left upper abdominal quadrant and ultrasound evaluation revealed a well-vascularized mass presenting with PKS. Regional lymphadenopathy was also found, and the working diagnosis of gastric cancer was established. The suspected diagnosis was later verified endoscopically and on pathohistological examinations as gastric adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography staging also revealed distant metastases to the lungs, liver, and adrenal glands and abdominal lymphadenopathy. The PKS often indicates gastrointestinal pathology, and it may be seen in benign and malignant conditions due to gastrointestinal wall thickening. Therefore, additional diagnostic examinations are advised for a more definite diagnosis.