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Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been used to prepare and examine many types of samples. However, the use of Romanowsky stains for LBC has not yet been evaluated. Herein, we report a technique for the use of the Romanowsky May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain using a ThinPrep(®) preparation technique (MGG-LBC)., Methods: KPL-1 breast cancer cells at a density of 1.25 × 10(5)/20 ml were compared in conventional smear and MGG-LBC preparations. Cell size, nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio, and morphological findings were investigated. Clinical samples including voided urine and pleural effusion were also examined in MGG-LBC preparations., Results: Cellularity appeared lower with MGG-LBC compared with Papanicolaou-stained smears using the ThinPrep(®) method, though the cell size and N/C ratio showed similar tendencies. Reactive mesothelial cells, normal urothelial cells, urothelial carcinoma cells, crystals, and bacteria were all clear enough for diagnostic purposes after MGG-LBC., Conclusion: Romanowsky staining is necessary for the cytodiagnosis of some conditions. MGG-LBC may contribute to the cytodiagnostic results using LBC preparations., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the use of vitreous humor and/or intraocular perfusion fluid (IPF) from pars plana vitrectomy as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for intraocular diseases., Methods: The cytologic findings with respect to the clinical data, the anatomical findings, and the final diagnosis in 83 cases that underwent intraocular cytologic examinations at the Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital were evaluated. For cytologic examination, the Papanicolaou stain, Giemsa stain, and in some cases, molecular biology and immunocytochemical techniques were used., Results: Most of the clinical diagnoses were uveitis or endophthalmitis. Sixty-eight cases (81.9%) were negative on cytodiagnosis, while 15 cases (18.9%) were positive or suspicious for malignancy. Negative cases included infections and intraocular sarcoidosis (IOS), and all of the positive or suspicious cases were intraocular lymphomas. Some of these latter cases were also diagnosed using immunocytochemical staining or molecular biological procedures as ancillary techniques, performed using vitreous body cytology from IPF., Conclusions: An early diagnosis and treatment of intraocular diseases is necessary to maintain an acceptable degree of quality of life. For an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to understand the anatomy of the eye. Giemsa staining is recommended in addition to Papanicolaou staining for cytologic diagnostic evaluation of intraocular diseases. Furthermore, for the diagnosis of clonality in intraocular lymphomas, it is often necessary to use ancillary molecular biological procedures, using vitreous fluid., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is an extremely rare tumor. We carried out a retrospective cytopathological study with vitreous and intraocular perfusion fluid obtained on conducting a pars plana vitrectomy in 18 cases of IOL. In the 18 cases, nine were patients of Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital from 1991 to 2007, and the other nine had already been reported by other hospitals. Most patients were male, and the average age at onset was 60.4-year-old. The main symptoms were vitreous opacity, amblyopia, and blurred vision. Cases of primary intraocular lymphoma numbered 8/15 (53%), while cases of infiltration of malignant lymphoma from the brain numbered 2/15 (13%). Although IOL contains various subtypes of lymphoma, the most frequent subtype is diffuse large B-cell type lymphoma. It has been reported that making a definite diagnosis of IOL is difficult because the clinical symptoms and examinations are similar to chronic uveitis, and so IOL is called "masquerade syndrome." Recently, serological and molecular pathological studies have been carried out in addition to morphological examination. However, a cytological diagnosis based on the clinical background and/or image findings is important for the diagnosis of IOL, because of the volume limit of the vitreous fluid and difficulty of obtaining specimens from the inside of the eyes., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Sarcoidosis is an enigmatic multisystem sarcoid disease occurring mainly in the lungs, skin, and eyes. Sarcoidosis of the eyes (intraocular sarcoidosis) has been proposed as one of the causes of uveitis. We carried out a clinicopathological study involving seven patients with intraocular sarcoidosis based on vitreous humor fluid cytology. In the seven patients, the sex ratio was 4:3, and the average age at onset was 65.6-years-old. Vitreous opacity was noted in all patients and snowball-like vitreous opacity in 85.7%. Nerve papilloedema was noted in 42.9%. Diagnostic vitrectomy and adrenocortical hormone therapy were performed in all patients. As a result, the symptoms were improved. Vitreous perfusion fluid cytology revealed multinucleate giant cells in 85.7% and lymphocytes and epithelioid cells in all cases. Cytological diagnosis is not included in the current criteria for sarcoidosis, but its value in the diagnosis of intraocular sarcoidosis was suggested based in present study., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

In contrast to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA), endometrial clear cell adenocarcinoma (ECCA) is rare and shows a clinically aggressive potential, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of ECCA is crucial for the treatment of patients bearing the tumor. Here, we report two cases of ECCA diagnosed by cytological examination. Case 1 was a 67-year-old female, while case 2 was a 68-year-old female. In both cases, tumors of the corpus uteri were identified, and they were diagnosed as ECCA on cytological examination with specimens derived from endometrial brushing. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histological examination of the surgical specimens., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)