1. A Shift Toward a Plant-Centered Diet From Young to Middle Adulthood and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Weight Gain: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
- Author
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Choi, Yuni, Larson, Nicole, Gallaher, Daniel D, Odegaard, Andrew O, Rana, Jamal S, Shikany, James M, Steffen, Lyn M, and Jacobs, David R
- Subjects
Public Health ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Prevention ,Diabetes ,Obesity ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Age Factors ,Body Mass Index ,Body Weight ,Body-Weight Trajectory ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Diet ,Healthy ,Diet ,Vegetarian ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Food Quality ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Humans ,Male ,Prospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,United States ,Waist Circumference ,Weight Gain ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality and type 2 diabetes risk and change in body size.Research design and methodsA prospective study conducted in the U.S. enrolled adults ages 18-30 years in 1985-1986 (examination year [Y0]) and followed them through 2015-2016. We analyzed the associations between change in plant-centered diet quality over 20 years (Y0-Y20) and diabetes (Y20-30; n = 2,534) and change (Y0-Y20 and Y20-30) in BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight (n > 2,434). Plant-centered diet quality was measured using the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS); a higher score favors nutritionally rich plant foods. Cox regression models were used to assess diabetes risk, and linear regression models were used to examine change in body size.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 9.3 (± 1.7) years, 206 case subjects with incident diabetes were observed. In multivariable analysis, participants with the largest increase in APDQS over 20 years had a 48% (95% CI 0.31-0.85; P trend < 0.001) lower risk of diabetes over the subsequent 10 years compared with participants whose score remained stable. Each 1-SD increment in APDQS over 20 years was associated with lower gains in BMI (-0.39 kg/m2; SE 0.14; P = 0.004), WC (-0.90 cm; SE 0.27; P < 0.001) and weight (-1.14 kg; SE 0.33; P < 0.001) during the same period, but not with subsequent changes.ConclusionsYoung adults who increased plant-centered diet quality had a lower diabetes risk and gained less weight by middle adulthood.
- Published
- 2020