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Objective: To examine the associations between age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and the relative and absolute risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in England., Research Design and Methods: In this cohort study using primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we identified 108,061 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (16-50 years of age), matched to 829,946 individuals without type 2 diabetes. We estimated all-cause and cause-specific mortality (cancer, cardiorenal, other [noncancer or cardiorenal]) by age at diagnosis, using competing-risk survival analyses adjusted for key confounders., Results: Comparing individuals with versus without type 2 diabetes, the relative risk of death decreased with an older age at diagnosis: the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 4.32 (95% CI 3.35-5.58) in individuals diagnosed at ages 16-27 years compared with 1.53 (95% CI 1.46-1.60) at ages 48-50 years. Smaller relative risks by increasing age at diagnosis were also observed for cancer, cardiorenal, and noncancer or cardiorenal death. Irrespective of age at diagnosis, the 10-year absolute risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes; yet, the absolute differences were small., Conclusions: Although the relative risk of death in individuals with versus without type 2 was higher at younger ages, the 10-year absolute risk of all investigated causes of death was small and similar in the two groups. Further multidecade studies could help estimate the long-term risk of complications and death in individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes., (© 2023 by the American Diabetes Association.)

Objective: To investigate the association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and self-compassion among adults with type 2 diabetes., Research Design and Methods: This analysis used data from the Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycemic Control (CODEC) cross-sectional study. Information was collected on depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, and self-compassion, measured using validated self-report questionnaires, in addition to sociodemographic and clinical data. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for diabetes duration, sex, ethnicity, deprivation status, prescription of antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and BMI were used to investigate the association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and each of the three psychological outcomes., Results: A total of 706 participants were included; 64 (9.1%) were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at <40 years, 422 (59.8%) between 40 and 59 years, and 220 (31.2%) at ≥60 years of age. After adjustment for key confounders, including diabetes duration, younger age at diagnosis was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms (βadj: -0.18 [95% CI -0.25 to -0.10]; P < 0.01) and diabetes-specific distress (βadj: -0.03 [95% CI -0.04 to -0.02]; P < 0.01) and lower levels of self-compassion (βadj: 0.01 [95% CI 0.00 to 0.02]; P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes at a younger age is associated with lower psychological well-being, suggesting the need for clinical vigilance and the availability of age-appropriate psychosocial support., (© 2023 by the American Diabetes Association.)