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Therefore, SF concentration is a good indicator of the risk of adverse maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes and can help provide personalized guidance for pregnant women with respect to iron supplementation at different stages of pregnancy. In Supplementary Table 1, compared with the lowest quartile, the AOR of Small head circumference in the highest SF concentration quartile was 2.05 (95% Cl: 1.10, 3.80) and 1.97 (95% Cl: 1.05, 3.69) at 16-18 weeks of gestation and 28-32 weeks of gestation, respectively. The changes of SF concentrations were determined by subtracting the SF measured at 16-18th weeks of gestation from that measured at 28-32th weeks of gestation. There was no significant difference between SF concentration and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancy women without GDM. [Extracted from the article]