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History and Admission Findings: In a 66-year-old obese woman (WHO stage III, BMI 51 kg/m2) pronounced osteoarthritis of the right knee was diagnosed. Because of progressive chronic pain of the right knee joint her walking distance was limited to a few meters. Conservative therapy was exhausted., Investigations: Clinical examination showed a restricted and painful range of motion of the right knee and distinctive obeseness on the trunk and the extremities including a lipedema/lymphedema., Treatment and Course: After a complicated course of treatment lasting for 220 days the total knee replacement ended in an arthrodesis combined with a gastrocnemius muscle flap., Conclusion: With respect to this case the high complication-rates in obese patients should be taken into account: Total knee replacement can even lead to loss of the limb in the worst case. In addition to extended preoperative examination this indication should be critically scrutinized., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

History and Admission Findings: A 70-year-old deaf-mute women suffered from progressive chronic pain of the right hip joint caused by destructive osteoarthritis of the hip., Investigations: In addition to painfully restricted range of motion of the right hip joint the clinical examination showed a bluish-black pigmentation of the ear-cartilage and the sclera., Treatment and Course: A total endoprosthetic replacement of the right hip joint was performed. During surgery, blackening of the hip joint capsule and cartilage was found. Histological, the diagnosis of an ochronosis was confirmed. Discoloration after exposure of urine to air supported the diagnosis. Based on extensive internal medical examination relevant cardiac changes were excluded., Conclusion: Ochronosis (arthropathia ochronotica) is a rare entity which can be identified by a visual diagnosis. Early diagnosis can provide crucial information for the prognosis. Additionally, an interdisciplinary treatment concept should be established because of the early onset of degenerative changes at the skeletal system and pathological changes at internal organs. With suspicion on an ochronosis extended internal examinations are recommended in order to avoid complications., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)