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The main objective of this research was to study the effect of coagulation on membrane performance by assessing the effect of retention of fine suspended and colloidal matter contained in industrial wastewater. Hybrid process was studied to show the improved efficiency of the coagulation–membrane filtration. It was found that some positively charged fine materials are forming a deposit on the inner surface area of the membrane that leads to its fast blockage, lowering the membrane performance life. In aiming to avoid such a fouling, a new technique was made from a combination between microfiltration and ultrafiltration used as a practical solution to overcome the problem. The combined process was named as micro-ultrafiltration (MUF) and investigated to check out the efficiency and the quality through the treatment plant for industrial wastewater of ceramic factory. The results showed (MF) modified devices were able to remove bacteria, cysts, and fine particles while the UF membranes were very effective to deal with viruses, color, and some colloidal natural organic matter. The whole process is aimed to find practical solution to deal with the extremely high turbidity where most of the standard process failed. The currently applied processes of treatment plant went through many modified stages starting from the equalization tank ending with UF passing through the type of coagulation/flocculation and the mixing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Pomegranate peel powder (PPP) was employed as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of crude oil from simulated produced water (SPW). The effect of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, as well as temperature on the efficiency of oil removal was investigated. The optimum parameters for oil removal were: pH 9.5, adsorbent dose = 2.33 g/L, contact time = 50.0 min, and adsorption temperature = 55.0°C. The results showed that as the adsorbent dosage, pH, and salinity of SPW were increased, the removal efficiency increased. The adsorption of crude oil by PPP was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with adsorption capacity of 555 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics of crude oil are best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a rate constant of 3.75 × 10−4 g/mg h. These results render PPP as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of oil from produced water with an efficiency exceeding 92% in 50 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic model, based on mass transport and reaction rate laws of biomass and substrate for a membrane bioreactor (MBR), was successfully developed. Furthermore, an empirical model for flux prediction was used. Key kinetic model parameters were estimated via nonlinear fitting of the model predictions to experimental data obtained from current and previous works. The performance of the MBR was evaluated with different vacuum-to-backwash time ratio. Permeate flux dynamics were shown to be sensitive to the backwash scheduling scenario. The proposed model will enable optimization of MBR operation in an attempt to minimize membrane fouling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]