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Renal abscesses are rare in childhood. The diagnosis is often complicated by non-specific symptoms and the typical signs of urinary tract infections are frequently absent. The currently available imaging methods are necessary and helpful for a differentiated therapeutic approach; nevertheless, cases are continuously being found in which a renal abscess is only diagnosed intraoperatively. In most patients a combined intravenous therapy including an antibiotic which is effective against staphylococci is sufficient. The therapy is supported if necessary by percutaneous abscess drainage. Open revision or even nephrectomy is rarely required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Caudal regression syndrome is a rare and sporadic congenital developmental defect of the lower spinal segments and the neural tube. Movement disorders and sensory neurological deficits of the lower extremities in conjunction with impaired bladder and bowel control are the major symptoms. Abnormal visual aspects of the sacral region in combination with maternal gestational diabetes are further diagnostic indications. This article reports the unusual case of a toddler presenting with acute urinary retention as the initial symptom of caudal regression syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]