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Esophagectomy and subsequent reconstruction represent major physiological insults to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which as a consequence can lead to malnutrition, dysphagia and reflux. From a technical perspective, operative reconstruction involving gastric pull-up with a 2-3 cm wide tube and an anastomosis cranial to the azygos vein may minimize the symptoms. Overall, the problems tend to improve approximately 6 months after the operation. Newly occurring delayed physical functional impairments with previously known underlying malignant disease may be indicative of cancer relapse. Interventional techniques, such as stent placement or brachytherapy may be better suited for treatment of recurrent disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the past decades various techniques of esophagectomy for the curative treatment of esophageal cancer have been described. Especially minimally invasive techniques of esophagectomy have been used increasingly in the last decade. Technical issues and results of hybrid laparoscopic-thoracotomic en bloc esophagectomy with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis (HMIE) are presented and discussed in the article. Patients and methods: Between May 2013 and April 2014 a total of 23 patients underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer at the University of Freiburg Medical Center. Of these patients 10 were treated by HMIE and the other 13 patients had open esophagectomy (OE). Results: A detailed description of the operative technique of HMIE is given in a step-by-step fashion. Margin negative resection was achieved in all patients after HMIE and OE and the median lymph node yield of lymphadenectomy in HMIE and OE (29 vs. 27) was nearly the same. The medium duration of the operation (347 min vs. 412 min) and median length of stay on the intensive care unit (6 days vs. 9 days) and hospital (13 days vs. 17 days) were decreased in HMIE patients compared to OE, respectively. Overall postoperative morbidity (40 % vs. 69 %) and especially pulmonary morbidity (10 % vs. 46 %) were also favorable in HMIE. No anastomotic leakage and postoperative in-hospital mortality occurred after HMIE. Conclusion: The HMIE procedure combines the advantages of minimally invasive operative approaches on especially postoperative pulmonary morbidity after esophagectomy with the high safety of anastomosis and reconstruction achieved in OE. Further advantages are shorter duration of operation and shorter length of hospital stay in HMIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]